ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Where did all the minimalists go?

Ten years ago, minimalism went viral and in the span of one month took over the internet.

The idea captured the attention of people all over the world.

Marie Kondo had your mom's friends arguing about whether their spatulas brought them joy, and my documentary Minimalism went on to stream over 100 million times.

"Our next guests are pioneers of the minimalist movement." "Minimalism." "Minimalism." "Minimalism." "Minimalism." Everyone was talking about it, especially white people.

But as quickly as it climbed, it was gone.

So I'm starting a series on this channel exploring what happened.

I'm covering the criticism, the aesthetic, the scary trends, and our never -ending pursuit to find meaning.

"Consumerism is a symptom in many ways of these other things going wrong." This isn't a rehash of old ideas.

It's a look at what's changed, whether minimalism still has a place, and a look at why things seem to have gotten so much worse.

This video is sponsored by Squarespace.

More on them later.

Thank you.

So at the end of the documentary, there is this very big buildup.

It is sentimental, if not a little bit heavy -handed.

But really the idea behind it is this story of optimism.

It's that David might beat Goliath, minimalism might defeat consumerism.

But that's not exactly how things played out.

Levi Hildebrand has spent the past few years doing deep dive videos into everything that's broken with consumer culture.

The Stanley Cup craze, the LeBubu phenomenon, the psychological tricks companies use to get you to spend money you don't have on things you don't need.

Like, you talk so much about consumerism and a lot of these wild trends that happen.

How bad has consumerism gotten over the past 10 years?

but I think it has actually been an exponential growth curve post -COVID.

It's like we just got an injection that I don't think we could have ever predicted.

Something about the combination of isolation, social media addiction, and the sort of fracturing of our social circles because of all those things,

it just led to more consumerism.

The problem is still there, morphed into something else.

It's so much easier to consume now.

Now it's one -click purchases instead of Black Friday sales.

TikTok and Instagram and all of these other platforms are

so good at plugging into the human brain's desire for more

and the dopamine hits and the fears and the fear of missing out and we're fighting against the current, like a really strong current,

whereas in the swim up against pretty easily.

Now it's a raging torrent.

It's hard to fight against that as individual minimalists.

We're always at this crossroads between wanting to be well -meaning and having to recognize that we live in a capitalist society.

I think minimalism is like one of the only guiding philosophies that's come out in like recent memory

that tapped into something that I think people really want, which is like, - Rules.

Yeah, we just, we don't have any guidance.

And minimalism for a second gave us something like that.

- Second, just one little second.

No, and for some people, it still does a It's a caveat.

I spoke with Juliette Schor, economist, sociologist, and one of the original voices of the documentary

that I think was most influential in helping us understand the problem with our culture. Is this okay?

It might be a little bit bright.

Is that a light on you?

Right there.

I asked her why minimalism wasn't able to fix the world.

Yeah, so 10 years on, minimalism has helped inspire millions of people to live with less stuff and to find purpose in their lives.

But apparently it wasn't enough to fix all of the problems in the world and excessive waste and conspicuous consumption.

Why do you think minimalism wasn't enough?

Well, I don't think a cultural movement, which is what I would classify minimalism as,

is going to ever be enough to really transform society.

And part of it has to do with the fact that over this 10 years,

there's been an intensification of one of the key underlying trends that drives consumer dynamics,

and that's inequality.

consumption, where there isn't a lot of debt, etc., they tend to be much more equal societies.

Does it just come down to capitalism because it's just all about profit at all costs?

It's about just making as much money as possible?

So I don't think that it's just capitalism.

I mean, you have capitalist societies where people are quite frugal, where they save a lot.

You can think about the Japanese.

I mean, they're a very high -saving society.

For hundreds of years, like a really strong sustainability ethic.

I mean, they're not perfect, but in comparison to the United States, which is really an outlier on the scale of how,

quote -unquote, consumerist it is, it's also just so much more unequal than...

places like Japan or much of Europe.

This argument that more inequality leads to more consumption is one

that we didn't touch on in our documentary and a point that I've rarely heard in discussions around consumerism.

But it explains a lot.

Because when it comes to inequality, few countries do it quite like America.

Most people know there's wealth inequality in the US, but they underestimate how bad it actually is.

So when surveyed, Americans thought wealth should be dispersed like this.

It's not a perfect distribution of wealth.

It's definitely not communism.

It gives incentives for people to work harder for a better outcome without leaving too many people behind.

But here's what wealth inequality looks like in reality.

The poor and the middle class are barely distinguishable.

And the top 1 % and even the top 0 .1 % have so much wealth that it's hard to imagine.

People are working really long hours.

They're working more than they ever have before.

They're making less money than before.

Why does that cause them to buy more stuff?

Well, they're not necessarily making less money.

Less and less of it is going toward ordinary people.

More and more of it's going to the people at the top.

There's a real range there, which is the higher up you go in the income ladder, the more of that productivity growth you're seeing.

So you've got that widening distribution, the people at the bottom increasingly scraping by,

but you've got a big group of people in the United States who are not earning less.

you know, maybe it's the top 20 % or so.

They are earning more and they're spending it.

Billionaires, and now a trillionaire, own fleets of private jets, spend hundreds of millions of dollars on yachts.

Space tourism has become a hobby.

Some weddings now cost an estimated billion dollars, with private performances from the biggest celebrities in the world.

This spending by the wealthiest triggers what economist Robert Frank called "expenditure cascades." As the top earners pull further away, everyone below feels the ripple.

to keep up and lower income families go into debt just to access the basics like a car repair, groceries, health care, and utilities.

Homeownership has become one of the biggest signs of just how unequal things have gotten.

Housing costs have outpaced household income by a huge margin.

Once a symbol of the American dream, owning a humble single family home has become out of reach for so many.

- There was a moment.

100

Maybe a year ago where I was standing in the grocery store, in the soup aisle doing some financial calculus in my head over whether I could afford

101

Lentils and toilet paper and I just thought to myself This isn't life.

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This is a slow motion hostage situation.

103

Then I got home and I opened Instagram and some tech bro was talking about leveraging your time to increase your value.

104

And I'm thinking...

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Dude, I just leveraged my dignity for some off -brand beans.

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So, Wealth inequality isn't just about billionaires hoarding yachts.

107

It's about that weird sinking feeling that somehow Despite everything you've done right, you're still losing.

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I've seen a lot of the criticism and pushback that minimalism has had.

109

A few years ago, we released our documentary for free on YouTube and the comments started piling in.

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One of the most upvoted comments among them said, there is a difference between choosing to live a minimal lifestyle

111

while being actually able to afford much more

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and being compelled to live a minimal lifestyle due to not being able to afford much at all.

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I agree.

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These are two to solve for an unbalanced and unfair system.

115

The problem isn't people deciding that they want less than their peers because they know that it won't make them any happier.

116

The problem is the system itself and the fact

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that we should have never gotten to a place where someone has a trillion dollars

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while someone else is choosing between toilet paper and lentils.

119

Maybe it's my algorithm, but I've gotten the sense

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that people are starting to become fed up with a system that's making the rich richer

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while leaving the rest of the population behind.

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In many societies across the world, effort doesn't come close to equaling fair outcomes.

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As one YouTube comment put it, "If working hard got you rich, the donkey would own the farm." These outcomes didn't happen by accident.

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This is how the system was designed to work, and it's gonna take something much bigger than minimalism to stop it.

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So I've been making YouTube videos for over nine years now.

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I know I'm very old and I've been able to do this sustainably

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because I partner with brands who create products and services that I actually use.

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So glad I did that, by the way.

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You're also supporting my channel, so it means a lot.

146

You might be wondering why minimalism has faded into the background.

147

If it was so helpful for people, why isn't anyone talking about it now?

148

I think there are two reasons it's no longer a big part of the cultural conversation.

149

First, there was this huge viral moment where lots of people were talking about it for the very first time.

150

Some people loved it, other people hated it.

151

It made for a really good conversation around the dinner table.

152

But the novelty of it kind of wore off.

153

That's not to say that people don't still find it helpful and there aren't more people as interesting of a headline.

154

But there's another reason that I think is even more important why it's not talked about as much today.

155

And that's because there is so much other stuff to worry about.

156

Even the problem of overconsumption just seems...

157

In my opinion, it seems like a small problem, compared to these other problems now that we're having with authoritarian governments, social media, AI.

158

Like, these problems now seem to even outpace the problems of "Oh, like we're spending too much on Amazon." It's almost like

159

that problem has just like gone into the background because there's like we're having an existential crisis.

160

in so many other areas.

161

Yeah, I would agree.

162

We call it a poly crisis in academia, poly meaning many.

163

just many different crises.

164

And of course, there's also the climate crisis and the ecological crisis, which in addition to all the others that you mentioned.

165

This sort of goes back to my point about a purely cultural movement can't solve those things.

166

I mean, consumerism is a symptom in many ways of these other things going wrong.

167

It's a symptom of an increasingly unequal society in which power is out of balance,

168

in which ordinary people are losing power to elites and large corporations.

169

And inequality is a key result of that, in which those elites have captured the state and so people are disempowered with respect to their government.

170

steps you think that we should be taking to start to bring about more equality in the system?

171

Well, there's sort of two pathways.

172

I think we need both of them.

173

One are the things that are now much more on the agenda, at least in some of the blue states,

174

which are these millionaire or billionaire taxes and kind of redressing the regressivity in the tax system since the first Trump administration,

175

just a massive redistribution of wealth toward the wealthy.

176

But the other part of it is getting an economy

177

that works more fairly instead of like the market works in a certain way

178

and then the government has to come in and redistribute because it just, you know, it's giving way too much to some people and not enough to others.

179

We got to change that because a purely redistributive system is not really sustainable.

180

You want those market outcomes to be a lot fairer to begin with.

181

Putting in some limits on, say, CEO pay, building power for ordinary people,

182

building power for workers in unions is really key.

183

building the power of community groups as well,

184

and democratic power, so we can also make laws to to cure the fact that we have these monopolies.

185

So we've got this small group of very powerful corporations that just has too much market power.

186

You know, it used to be when a corporation got too powerful, it got broken up because it would Abuse consumers and workers.

187

We think about the period after the Second World War, I mean, it was imperfect in many ways.

188

I mean, I think the racism and the sexism were really key to the negative parts of it.

189

But the positive parts where we had really high levels of social capital involvement in public life.

190

It was a period where the government was becoming more, not less democratic, in which working people had gained a lot of power.

191

called the Great Compression.

192

When inequality lessened over a period of decades, many good things came out of that,

193

including that meaning and purpose that you're talking about.

194

People were not working nearly as many hours.

195

They were not in debt.

196

To that same extent, material aspirations were in balance, much more in balance, and it just,

197

you know, yielded a better life.

198

I think there are two main reactions to the system that's been created, especially when it comes to those who feel like they've been left behind.

199

Many are feeling angry.

200

They're voicing their opinion, they're protesting, and trying to fight for change.

201

But there's also another reaction I've noticed.

202

It seems that people are becoming numb to it all.

203

I think it's very easy to be disillusioned now when it comes to consuming intentionally to embracing something like minimalism.

204

When we see these billionaires having these multi -million dollar weddings

205

and the amount of excess that we see at the top 1%, let alone everybody else.

206

It's like why like why should we care about sustainability?

207

Like why should we care about you know these things

208

that are you know helping to create a better future like when the future the present is burning down?

209

Oh man, this is genuinely a hard one to Mm -hmm.

210

to figure out day to day because yeah, like I think we've slid backwards on a lot of really important stuff.

211

Like we don't care about the planet.

212

as much anymore.

213

We don't care as much about where things are made.

214

I would say we've even stopped caring as much about the quality of the things that we have.

215

You know, because everything seemingly is sort of degrading around us.

216

It's distressing and I think the response to that distress is apathy.

217

Most cases people go, "Oh, this is so terrible.

218

Oh my god, I just can't, I can't, I can't handle it."

219

And then you go and you buy yourself a Stanley water bottle or you keep going to Starbucks or whatever it is.

220

You just go for the comfort and that's what convenience culture and consumerism is sort of relying on is this habitual

221

a subconscious or unconscious loop that you get in to soothe yourself when everything's falling apart.

222

The beauty of minimalism is that it gives you something in return.

223

Saying you should buy this thing because it's sustainable, that's a really hard pitch because you can't see the value of it.

224

It's like, okay, I bought this bamboo toothbrush, it's more expensive.

225

and it functions the same.

226

It's hard to see why that's important to do, but with minimalism, you don't have too many things in your house.

227

You don't have to spend quite so much time cleaning everything.

228

Or you don't have so much clutter in your mind because of the things that you don't have in your house.

229

And so there's a bit more of a practical application, I think, that people can grasp onto.

230

That's why I think it's not going to go out like a little poof of smoke,

231

like a lot of the trends that sort of it gets lumped into.

232

Minimalism offered a personal solution to a systemic problem.

233

It was enough to help a lot of people.

234

If you're watching this video, I'm guessing these ideas helped you in some way or another.

235

But maybe it was never meant to fix the world or correct society's injustices.

236

The reality is that minimalism is just a tool.

237

As I talked with Josh about the limitations of minimalism, he referred to it as a hammer.

238

It's not a religion, it's not even an ideology.

239

It is a tool that I use similar to the way that I would use a hammer, but I use that tool to create more space in my home, more space in my calendar,

240

more space in my life so I can make room for what's important.

241

A hammer is a good metaphor.

242

It can help us with individual tasks inside our home.

243

It gives us utility and control and has a real applicable purpose.

244

But if you want to fix these broken institutions, that's going to take something much bigger.

245

Something like a wrecking ball.

246

Like a metaphorical raccoon ball.

247

Not like a real one.

248

If you look historically, it's often after a system breakdown,

249

after a real crisis that we can get new structures, it's really hard to get them without that, I think.

250

It has to get so bad that people will say enough's enough.

251

It took the Great Depression to get Social Security and the New Deal, you know.

252

So I am optimistic.

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I think we're gonna come out on the other side with a much better society than the one we have.

254

Well, I hope so.

255

Go ahead.

256

Thank you so much for your time today.

257

Thank you.

258

So two quick things before I go one that's selfish

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and another that's about you and this series first if you like the graphics in this video Thanks.

260

I like them too.

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I'm really proud of them I've been working with my friend Chris who's an amazing motion graphics designer

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and we're actually building a tool to help other Creators

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and people who make videos make graphics this good and so

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if you want to learn more about that then join the waitlist at

265

Editkit .co the second thing I wanted to mention and this is about you and about the series channel, but I'm making this series

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as we go as in i have not started writing episode two i guess

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that creates a bit of pressure on my part

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but also it's quite exciting because i get to bring you into this process

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and so i want to hear from you who are the people

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that you want me to interview what are the ideas

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that you want me to cover um what are the problems and challenges

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that you're facing yourself jump into the comments let me know make sure you you like the ones

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that that are resonating with you that way i see them rise single person mentions my new sweater.

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I'm done.

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I'm not going to make another video.

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I'm going to quit YouTube and I'm not going to look back.

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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้

วิดีโอนี้มี 276 ประโยค และ 3612 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 22:27 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วเป็นธรรมชาติ ประมาณ 161 คำต่อนาที ใกล้เคียงกับบทสนทนาในชีวิตประจำวัน 83% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก

คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้

คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:

คำศัพท์	คำอ่าน	ความหมาย
inequality คำนาม	/ˌɪn.ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ti/	ความเหลื่อมล้ำ
documentary คำนาม	/ˌdɒk.jʊˈmɛn.tɹi/	สารคดี, ภาพยนตร์สารคดี
ordinary คำคุณศัพท์	/ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/	สามัญ
consumption คำนาม	/kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/	การบริโภค
graphics คำนาม	/ˈɡɹæfɪks/	กราฟิกส์, กราฟิก
hammer คำนาม	/ˈhæmɚ/	ค้อน, พะเนิน
symptom คำนาม	/ˈsɪm(p)təm/	อาการ
earn คำกริยา	/ɝn/	หาเงิน
capture คำกริยา	/ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/	ยึด
solve คำกริยา	/sɒlv/	แก้, แก้ไข
elite คำนาม	/ɪˈlit/	อติชน, อภิชน
lifestyle คำนาม	/ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl/	วิถีชีวิต, ไลฟ์สไตล์
capitalism คำนาม	/ˈkæp.ə.təlˌɪzm̩/	(ลัทธิ~)ทุนนิยม, ลัทธินายทุน
consume คำกริยา	/kənˈsum/	อุปโภค, ใช้
economist คำนาม	/iˈkɑ.nə.mɪst/	นักเศรษฐศาสตร์

กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน

คำศัพท์	ความหมาย
go out คำกริยา	ออก, ออกไป
leave behind คำกริยา	ลืม

การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง

ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 84 ครั้ง เช่น don't, I'm, they're ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน

เสียง “th”: wealthy /ˈwɛl.θi/, aesthetic /ɛsˈθɛ.tɪk/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/, pathway /ˈpæθˌweɪ/, authoritarian /əˌθɑ.ɹəˈtɛɹ.i.ən/
เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/, publish /ˈpʌblɪʃ/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, addiction /əˈdɪkˌʃən/, selfish /ˈsɛlf.ɪʃ/
คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: inequality /ˌɪn.ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ti/, documentary /ˌdɒk.jʊˈmɛn.tɹi/, ordinary /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/, utility /juːˈtɪlɪti/, sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbəl/

วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้

ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง inequality, documentary, ordinary เป็นพิเศษ

ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้

โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:

โครงสร้าง	ในวิดีโอ
Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — การกระทำที่เริ่มก่อนหน้านี้และยังดำเนินอยู่	I've been making · I've been working
Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน	has spent · has actually been · has helped
Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ	is sponsored · should be dispersed · being compelled
Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ	want, which is · movement, which is · States, which is

เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?

Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ

เทคนิค shadowing: อ่านคู่มือฉบับเต็มทีละขั้นตอน →

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