ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: winning an argument is easy, actually
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202 ประโยค
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1
The easiest way to win an argument is by avoiding it.
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The second easiest way to win an argument is by losing it.
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The third easiest way to win an argument is by defusing it.
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The fourth easiest way is to use logical fallacies plus unethical tactics, and at the bottom of the list,
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the hardest way is to actually have good logic.
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Those are the five different ways you can approach an argument.
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The reason I made this list is because if you ever google how to win an argument,
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pretty Pretty much every piece of advice focuses on the bottom two things,
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and a lot of it is just mirror their body language or make more eye contact.
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But sometimes I doubt how useful that stuff can actually be.
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Every method has its own problems.
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These three are just easier, they're easy to remember, and they don't take that much effort.
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And that is the kind of thing you are here for, hopefully.
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Let's start with method number one, avoiding the argument.
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Mark Twain once said, never argue with stupid people they will drag you down to their level
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and then beat you with experience.
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Now I like this advice
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because it tells you to be willing to give up on an argument
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or to walk away from a potential argument even when you know you're right.
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It's just not worth the frustration to argue with someone who just doesn't get it.
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But while it's very very easy to walk away from arguments in real life,
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in most arguments there is no way to know which one of you is the stupid one.
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Both of you each think that you are right and the other person is stupid.
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Imagine this, you walk up to a debate and you say 1 plus 1 equals 2.
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Your opponent says, well, actually, no, 1 plus 1 equals 1.
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You know that you are obviously right.
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BlueStickFigure also thinks that they are obviously right.
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But just keep in mind, your opponent might not always be stupid.
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They might just be misinformed.
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You can Google 1 plus 1 and then show them that it equals 2, but they're thinking, Google?
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What in the propaganda?
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Maybe you're the one that's brainwashed.
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It's decent advice to walk away from arguments that aren't helping you, but still, if you avoid every single argument,
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you'll end up living inside your own little bubble, and you might miss out on life -changing information from the outside world.
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Speaking of life -changing information, let me tell you about the new best way to browse the internet, Brought to you by Opera Browser.
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Opera 1 R2 is their brand new futuristic update and it's completely free.
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Let me show you.
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First of all, the browser opens with the classic theme but you can set it to Aurora, a dark theme, or Midsommar, a light theme.
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And each theme is endlessly customizable.
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Here's what mine's like.
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And if you want to do split screen,
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if you want to compare two pages side by side it just takes one second you can just drag
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and drop you don't even have to create a new window for it also at any time
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if you press ctrl slash it pulls up aria a fully integrated ai feature
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that can answer any question it can even summarize
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and answer questions about whatever website you're currently on like it's doing right here plus aria can both generate images
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and recognize images my favorite feature is being able to pop out a youtube video
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and have it play in the corner while I multitask and actually get some work done.
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As a bonus, you can even pop out your music player and move it around the screen, allowing you to easily play music while you're browsing.
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Opera also has tab islands now, allowing you to effortlessly group tabs based on context.
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You can collapse them and expand them whenever you want, like this.
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Tab traces is another cool feature.
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If you ever forget what tab you were most recently using, it underlines them for you,
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with the darker ones being the most recent tabs you used, and all of this is completely free.
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Just scroll down to the link in the description to give
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Opera a free download and you'll see what I'm talking about.
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Now, on to the next method of winning an argument, by losing the argument.
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Think about it, in many situations, the point of an argument is not to win, it's not to prove that you're right,
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it's to get what you want.
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Imagine you lived in a small apartment.
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Your roommate leaves out a cookie jar every week for the both of you to share, but after the first month, they confront you.
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I put out 20 cookies for the both of us to share, and you took 17 of them.
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What is wrong with you?
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Now here, it turns out, you actually only took 16.
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They counted wrong.
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Either way, you still obviously messed up.
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And now your roommate probably wants to kick you out, because you don't even pay your half of the rent,
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and you don't clean up your spills, and you ride around the apartment in a Segway like it's 2016,
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and now you can't even share a cookie jar.
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How are you going to argue your way out of this?
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Well, you can't use facts and evidence here, because the facts
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and evidence here are against
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you instead ask yourself what do i actually want out of this argument do i really care about proving
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that i actually only took 16 not 17 do i really care about convincing them
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that i did nothing wrong is all
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that worth it no in fact all i really want is to get my roommate to stop being angry
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and to keep leaving out the cookies only focus on the outcome you want
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and nothing else don't think about your pride or proving that you're right just think about the outcome.
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You could say I took 17 cookies?
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Wow, that's terrible.
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They were so good, I didn't even realize.
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I'm sorry, I promise I don't usually do that.
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I won't do it again, and if you really want, I could even buy a separate jar just so it doesn't happen again.
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Of course, you're never actually going to buy a separate jar, but to your roommate, this sounds like you really just made an honest mistake,
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and you're even willing to go out of your way to make things right.
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In fact, your apology was so good, you just made them feel bad for confronting you.
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This even applies to situations where you don't think you did anything wrong.
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Sometimes instead of trying to prove your innocence you can just apologize and win the argument by losing.
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Method number three, diffuse the argument.
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What I mean by this is make the argument nicer and calmer and actually try to understand the other person.
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If you do this chances are you'll realize that you
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and your opponent are not so different and you can finish the argument and come to an agreement pretty quickly.
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And this method is more
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or less from a guy in history who's apparently really good at winning arguments and his name was Socrates.
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Socrates argued with people in public for a living,
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and his big theory was that you should go into arguments with the intention of learning new things,
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not with the intention of showing how smart you are.
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In fact, he's famously quoted as saying, I only know one thing, and that is, I know nothing.
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And that's a really good point.
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Most of the time, the information we have, we don't know for sure that's 100 % true.
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We're just blindly trusting whatever source we got our information from.
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I don't even know if this is a real Socrates quote.
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I got it from a Google image.
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But if you take nothing else away from Socrates, remember this.
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Don't misunderstand their argument, and don't let them misunderstand yours.
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But then, once you understand someone's argument, don't just flat out tell them they're wrong.
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Instead, try to find little things that you both agree on,
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one at a time, and then build your way up to agreeing on the main point.
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This This is how you actually convince people of things.
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You start by agreeing on small things, and then you work your way up to bigger things until eventually, they change their mind.
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However, Socrates also had another, more annoying method, called Socratic questioning.
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This is where you just ask an endless stream of questions to the opponent until they get frustrated and can't explain something.
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And technically, there is a right way to use this method, but that doesn't really happen in real life situations.
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Instead, most people who use it just end up flooding their opponent with random unrelated questions that are meant to trip them up.
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What do you mean why am I mad?
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You took the last cookie from the jar.
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Why does it upset you if I took the last cookie?
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I wanted it.
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Well, is it not true that I also wanted it?
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Yeah, but that was your 18th cookie.
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That's too many.
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Why exactly do you perceive that as too many?
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You only let me have two.
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I had two, you had 18.
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Would you have perhaps instead preferred if we partitioned the cookies equally?
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Yeah, half and half.
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But is it not true that not all resources have to be partitioned equally?
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Does your boss give the same paycheck to everyone?
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Or do different people get different paychecks based on their job?
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That's not the same thing.
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Can you explain to me why it is not the same thing?
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This is an example of method number four, which is using unethical tactics.
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If you're willing to use unethical tactics like most people are socratic questioning is absolutely perfect
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you just keep asking questions every time the opponent gives a nice sensible answer just brush past it
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and ask another question there are a bunch of guides on the internet about how to win an argument unethically
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and they pretty much all require you to use fallacies aka bad logic
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and then hope the opponent doesn't notice some other guides might tell you to just sit there
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and wait for your opponent to commit a fallacy so you can interject with,
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my dude, did you literally just use an ad hominem fallacy against me?
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After enough times doing this, you will eventually realize your opponent literally does not care that you can name every fallacy in Latin.
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Instead, I like to take the easy route and just base my arguments off of this old cartoon by Scott Meyer.
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How to win an argument.
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First and foremost, pick your battles.
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Choose a topic nobody has strong opinions on or has given much thought.
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Make claims that are so outrageous that your opponent will be left sputtering in disbelief rather than refuting your claims.
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Make them prove their point beyond any possible doubt.
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When they can't, take it as proof of your point.
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Later, even if you lost the argument, see that you won.
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If you really want to get into the advanced techniques, Arthur Schopenhauer once wrote a sarcastic essay exposing how most debates are actually won.
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I'll go through all of these methods rapidly, just in case you find any of them useful.
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Number one, exaggerate your opponent's argument to make it sound extreme.
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Number 2.
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Take everything your opponent says and then generalize it so that it's easier to attack.
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Number 3.
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Ask your opponent a bunch of seemingly unrelated questions until you can get them to contradict themselves.
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Number 4.
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Instead of proving something, present it to your opponent as if it were already true.
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Number 5.
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Make them angry or attack your opponent's character to put them off their game.
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Number 6.
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Ask questions in a random order and jump around from topic to topic to confuse your opponent.
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7. Frame all of your questions in a way where the opponent has to answer with no. which makes them look super negative.
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Number eight, use random metaphors to make your argument look better than it actually is.
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Number nine, even when you lose, say that you were right about the stuff that actually mattered.
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Number 10, introduce an absurd situation to make your opponent's argument sound ridiculous.
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Number 11, when your argument is about to be proven wrong, change it to something else.
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Number 12, frequently interrupt your opponent so that they can't get a word in.
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Number 13, when your opponent says something, respond with, so basically, you're saying that, and then make some ridiculous conclusion that they never actually talked about.
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Number fourteen, if you could provide just one counterexample to your opponent's claim, act like that means their claim is completely false.
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Number fifteen, if your opponent asks you to prove something is true, ask them to prove that it's not true.
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Number sixteen, if there's an audience, try appealing to the audience's emotions by mentioning their families, or their pets, or their paychecks,
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or stuff that directly affects them, instead of just talking to your opponent.
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Number 17.
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Whenever your opponent makes a strong point, immediately change the subject.
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Number 18.
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Make up quotes from authority figures or experts to support your argument.
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Number 19.
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Avoid talking about any subject by just saying, I'm not an expert.
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Number 20.
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Associate your opponent's claim with something widely disliked, even if it's not actually a fair connection to make.
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Number 21.
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When your opponent makes any statement, respond with, Well, that works in theory, but it would never work in real life.
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Number 22, if you find a weak point in your opponent's argument, keep bringing it up and force them to keep talking about it.
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Number 23, just be really confident with your argument and pretend that it's really strong, even if it's not.
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Number 24, use big, complex words that your opponent can't understand.
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Number 25, if your opponent ever makes a small mistake, pretend
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that their conclusion is now totally false after hearing all of these methods
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you might ask is there any actually logical way to win an argument
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and the answer is yes and you see them all the time
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and they're usually pretty boring
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if you've ever written an essay
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you probably have to have some structure like claim evidence reasoning basically you make a claim
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and then you provide evidence
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but you can't just leave it there you have to explain why the evidence actually supports your claim
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if you can't provide that reasoning chances are, you either need to find better evidence, or you need to adjust your claim.
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Or, like many academics, you can just give up and elect to implement an excessively convoluted lexicon,
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replete with labyrinthine phraseology, thereby obfuscating the original intent, to such an extent that decipherability is rendered null.
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Alternatively, one may acquiesce to the inexorable alert of polysyllabic instructions and sesquipedalian tendencies,
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thereby engendering a cacophony of lexemic extravagance that transcends the cognitive grasp of the quotidian interlocutor,
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ultimately achieving a state of semantic opacity so profound
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that the conceptual underpinning of the dialogue dissipates into an abyss of intellectual perplexity.
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Anyway, one subscribe provides one donation to fund the next video.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดนี้ใช้วิดีโอ “winning an argument is easy, actually” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: argument, opponent, method วิดีโอนี้มี 202 ประโยค และ 2546 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 13:07 ผู้พูดพูดเร็ว ประมาณ 194 คำต่อนาที จึงมีการเชื่อมเสียงและลดเสียงค่อนข้างมาก 85% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| opponent คำนาม | /əˈpəʊ.nənt/ | คู่ต่อสู้ |
| cookie คำนาม | /ˈkʊki/ | คุกกี้, ขนมกินเล่น |
| argue คำกริยา | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | เถียง, ถก |
| roommate คำนาม | /ˈɹu(m)ˌmeɪt/ | เพื่อนร่วมห้อง |
| topic คำนาม | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | หัวข้อ, กระทู้ |
| tactics คำนาม | /ˈtæktɪks/ | ยุทธวิธี |
| ridiculous คำคุณศัพท์ | /ɹɪˈdɪk.jə.ləs/ | น่าขัน, ไร้สาระ |
| dragon คำนาม | /ˈdɹæɡən/ | มังกร, นาค |
| intention คำนาม | /ɪnˈtɛnʃn̩/ | ความตั้งใจ |
| essay คำนาม | /ˈɛs.eɪ/ | ความเรียง, ข้อเขียน |
| confront คำกริยา | /kənˈfɹʌnt/ | เผชิญหน้า, สู้หน้า |
| extent คำนาม | /ɪkˈstɛnt/ | ขอบข่าย, ขนาด |
| mirror คำนาม | /ˈmiɹɚ/ | กระจก, กระจกเงา |
| bonus คำนาม | /ˈbəʊ.nəs/ | โบนัส |
| compare คำกริยา | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | เปรียบเทียบ |
กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน
| คำศัพท์ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|
| give up คำกริยา | ยอมแพ้ |
ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ
ประโยคสั้น ๆ ที่สมบูรณ์จากวิดีโอ ซึ่งนำไปใช้ในบทสนทนาประจำวันได้:
- Let's start with method number one, avoiding the argument.
- What is wrong with you?
- What do you mean why am I mad?
- Why exactly do you perceive that as too many?
- Does your boss give the same paycheck to everyone?
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | be misinformed · are meant · be partitioned |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | someone who just · people who use · four, which is |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | has given · you've ever written |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 50 ครั้ง เช่น don't, you're, can't ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: thereby /ðɛɹˈbaɪ/, unethical /ʌnˈɛθɪkəl/, labyrinthine /ˌlæb.əˈɹɪn.θɪn/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/, intention /ɪnˈtɛnʃn̩/, partition /pɑɹˈtɪ.ʃən/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, brush /bɹʌʃ/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: ridiculous /ɹɪˈdɪk.jə.ləs/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/, apologize /əˈpɑləˌd͡ʒaɪz/, technically /ˈtɛk.nɪˌkəl.i/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: tactics /ˈtæktɪks/, ridiculous /ɹɪˈdɪk.jə.ləs/, convince /kənˈvɪns/, logical /ˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/, browse /bɹaʊz/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: convince /kənˈvɪns/, cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/, alternatively /ɔlˈtɝ.nə.tɪv.li/, perceive /pɚˈsiv/, convoluted /ˌkɑnvəˈlutəd/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: browser /ˈbɹaʊ.zəɹ/, browse /bɹaʊz/, apologize /əˈpɑləˌd͡ʒaɪz/, expose /ɪkˈspoʊz/, confuse /kənˈfjuːz/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง opponent, cookie, argue เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ