ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Your Body's Senses | SciShow Kids Compilation
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315 ประโยค
หากประโยคสั้นหรือยาวเกินไป กดที่ Edit เพื่อปรับแก้
1
Squeaks, I'm so excited for your big trip!
2
You're gonna see so many new places!
3
Oh, yeah, I wish I could go with you, too, but I promised our neighbor that I would take care of her garden while she visits her family,
4
and I don't want to go back on a promise.
5
I'll miss you, too, buddy.
6
We'll go on another trip together someday.
7
But I thought of a way that I could still kind of join you this time.
8
Ta-da!
9
Tiny Jessie can come with you!
10
Well, Tiny Jessie can't experience everything exactly like I can.
11
Humans experience the world through our senses, and Tiny Jessie doesn't have senses.
12
But maybe she can help remind you of the senses that I use to explore.
13
For example, you'll be going to see some amazing places.
14
Exactly, using your eyes.
15
Eyes are really cool body parts that help animals survive.
16
And animals' eyes take in information about the world around them, like if there's food or water nearby or something dangerous to avoid.
17
Animals can do these things using other senses, too.
18
But eyes help us by letting our brains understand light.
19
When I see something, like your luggage bag, what's really happening is light is reflecting off of its surface and into my eyes.
20
The black circle in the middle of my eye is actually a hole called a pupil.
21
That's where light comes in.
22
Then, the light goes through the lens, which focuses all the light into a small point, and then it hits the back of my eye, called the retina.
23
The retina helps turn the light into special signals that can get carried to my brain through my optic nerves.
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And once the signals get there, my brain can make sense of it all, and I see your luggage.
25
Yeah, senses like sight are complicated.
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My eyes have lots of little structures or parts inside,
27
but they're all tools that help my brain to sense light and understand the world.
28
Squeaks is asking about color, and yes, my eyes help me to understand and sense color too.
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Objects that are different colors reflect slightly different kinds of light.
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And eyes have to make sense of these differences.
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The retinas at the back of my eyes have two different structures for understanding the light that reaches them.
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Together, they're called photoreceptors.
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Rods are one kind of photoreceptor.
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They send my brain signals when there's just a little light to see.
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This is important for seeing things when it's dark out.
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But rods don't tell me anything about color.
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It's the other kind of photoreceptor, called cones, that help me see colors.
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Most people have three types of cones, and each is better at picking up a different kind of light.
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Like one is really good at picking up blue light, and another is best at picking up red light.
40
That way, my brain can take the different messages these cones send together and turn them into any color we can see,
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from orange to light yellow to dark green.
42
Or pink like your nose.
43
It's like my brain is mixing light like you or I might mix paints, and coming up with one final color that we're actually seeing.
44
Oh, good question, Squeaks!
45
Squeaks wants to know if everyone's eyes work this way.
46
The answer is actually no. What do I mean?
47
Well, even among humans, there's a lot of difference in how our eyes work.
48
Lots of people's eyes see things as blurry unless objects are really close, or if objects are really far away.
49
This is because their eyeballs are shaped a bit differently.
50
And it causes the light that goes through the lens to focus either in front of or behind the the retina,
51
instead of right in the retina where all of those important rods and cones are.
52
This is why some people wear glasses.
53
Glasses help to move the light just a little bit, so the light can focus right at the retina in the back of the eyes.
54
Meanwhile, for some people, their cones don't respond as well to the colors they're supposed to, or they might have been born without one or more types of cone.
55
People with eyes like this see colors differently.
56
They might see shades of red and shades of green as pretty much the same.
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Even though other people like me can see red and green as being very different.
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We call conditions like this color blindness.
59
When people's eyes can't see the full rainbow of light that other people can.
60
And there are actually lots of animals besides humans that are color blind.
61
Or at least, can't see the same number of colors that we do.
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Fish, dogs, cats — they all see fewer colors than humans.
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Meanwhile, some animals can see more colors and kinds of light that we can't see at all.
64
Can you guess what kind of animal that has special vision?
65
Birds!
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I have an idea.
67
Let's give Bill and Webb a call.
68
Hi Bill!
69
Hi Webb!
70
Hi, Jessie and Squeaks!
71
Bill and I were just arguing about which color is better.
72
Blue, like my hat.
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Or red, like my scarf.
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Maybe you could help settle the debate.
75
Squeaks and I were just talking about colors.
76
I think blue is a great color for Webb and red is a great color for Bill.
77
Ha!
78
Interesting opinion.
79
I like it.
80
Me too.
81
So what's up?
82
Squeaks and I are learning about eyes and how they work
83
and I once heard that birds can see a special type of light.
84
Oh, I love my eyes.
85
Birds like us can see colors like humans do, but we can also see a type of light called ultraviolet light, or UV light.
86
UV light is basically invisible to humans, but birds have an extra kind of cone in our eyes that lets us see it.
87
It helps us to find food that reflects ultraviolet light.
88
Oh, and birds can also see certain patterns on each other's feathers that reflect ultraviolet light.
89
Our eyes see these ultraviolet patches on each other, and whether the patches are lighter or darker.
90
So we can tell each other apart by the ultraviolet light from our feathers.
91
To a human, two birds might look like identical twins, but to us, they'd look different.
92
Hmm, I don't see any ultraviolet spots on you, Squeaks.
93
But maybe we can get some UV paint from the craft store
94
and give you some ultraviolet stripes next time we hang out.
95
That sounds so fun.
96
Let's get together after Squeaks comes back from his trip.
97
Bye!
98
Bye!
99
So, Tiny Jesse might not have eyes that work like mine or yours, or Bill and Webb's, but I have another present for you
100
that can help me experience all of the cool things you'll see.
101
It's a camera!
102
Now you and Tiny Jesse can take pictures of everything you see on your trip.
103
And when you get home, I can use my eyes to see all of the special places that you visited.
104
Okay, just one more photo.
105
Say cheese.
106
Nice.
107
Oh, hi there.
108
Squeaks is going on a trip around the world.
109
And because I can't go with him, he's bringing Tiny Jesse to keep him company.
110
But since Tiny Jesse doesn't have real eyes like I do, he's going to take photos with this camera so I can see all of the cool stuff that he experienced.
111
Oh, I hadn't thought of that.
112
Squeaks is wondering how I might be able to hear all of the cool places he's going to visit.
113
You are going to hear lots of amazing sounds on your trip,
114
like rushing waterfalls or chirping birds or people playing musical instruments.
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And just like tiny Jessie can't see like I can, she also can't hear.
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Those tiny ears of hers sure are cute, but they aren't real.
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So let's think about how ears work, and then use that to find a way
118
that you can help me hear the sounds of your adventure after you get back.
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Sounds can help us understand if there's a friend talking to us, or popcorn popping, or a thunderstorm rumbling.
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Our ears are body parts that can help our brains hear and understand sounds.
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And once we understand a sound, we can make a decision like, go get some of that yummy popcorn, or hurry inside before it starts to rain.
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That's right!
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It's super helpful!
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Now, each sound is a special kind of wave that can move through the air, or water, or even solids like wood.
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And it does that by wiggling tiny particles in the air, or this table, just a little bit.
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Can you see the wave moving through it?
127
When a sound wave reaches my ear, it first runs into the oracle.
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That's the big flappy part of the ear that helps collect sound waves and directs them into the auditory canal.
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But you have other ear parts that are inside your head, so we're not done yet.
130
All that wiggling air travels down the auditory canal
131
and starts to wiggle a special part of your ear that looks a bit like the head of a drum.
132
Exactly, the eardrum!
133
Although scientists have another name for it too, the tympanic membrane.
134
No, the eardrum doesn't wiggle my brain.
135
In fact, everything from the auricle to the eardrum is considered to be part of the outer ear.
136
But behind the eardrum, there's also the middle ear and the inner ear.
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Yeah, there really is a lot more to the ear than you might think.
138
The middle ear is where the sound waves get amplified, or made stronger.
139
And in this particular spot, you've got three teeny tiny bones that move that stronger signal to the inner ear.
140
The inner ear is the home to the structure called the cochlea.
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It's shaped kind of like a snail shell.
142
And inside of it, there's some liquid and a bunch of teeny tiny hairs.
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Uh, no, not like the hairs on my head.
144
They're really a kind of nerve, which is a cell that can send messages to other parts of your body.
145
So, when the bones from the middle ear bring the sound wave to the cochlea, the hairs start to wiggle too,
146
which finally sends a signal to your brain.
147
And then your brain can take all that information and go, hey, I heard something.
148
Ooh, good question!
149
Squeaks wants to know if I can hear all kinds of vibrations.
150
I can't hear every kind of sound wave.
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If a sound wave is too quiet, it won't get all the parts in my ear wiggling.
152
But also, it has to be the right pitch.
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You can think about pitch as the different notes you can play on a keyboard, or sing using your voice.
154
Here's an example of a higher pitch, and here's an example of a lower pitch.
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And depending on my pitch, I can wiggle the air a little bit differently.
156
But just like musical instruments can only make a certain range of pitches, human ears can only hear sound waves within a certain range of pitches.
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If the pitch is too low, or too high, we can't hear it no matter how loud it is.
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But that's not all, because just like every human can't see the exact same colors, we don't all hear the same sounds.
159
For example, many people lose the ability to hear certain pitches as they get older, or if different parts of their ears get damaged.
160
Also, some people are born unable to hear some or all of the sounds that others can.
161
People who are deaf or hard of hearing might use technology to help them hear.
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Like a hearing aid to make sounds louder, or a device called a cochlear implant that sends vibrations straight to the nerves
163
and skips over the rest of the ear that isn't working so well.
164
Yeah, there are lots of people who use tools like these, of all ages, too.
165
Human's ears are different.
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But that's not just true for humans, it's also true for other animal species.
167
Lots of animals can hear sounds that humans normally can't, or can't hear sounds that humans normally can.
168
Say, let's call someone who I know has some pretty impressive ears.
169
Hi Sam!
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Oh, hi Bill!
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Hi Jesse!
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Hi Squeaks!
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I'm helping Bill with a project.
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I'm making Webb a red hat for his birthday!
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He's gonna love it whether he wants to or not!
176
What are you two up to?
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Well, Squeaks and I were talking about how ears work, and I know that you have some- Some pretty amazing ears!
178
Man, I love my ears.
179
Bats like me tend to have really big oracles to funnel sound waves into our ears.
180
But most of us also have really big cochlea for how small our bodies are.
181
And we have extra nerves to help us hear really quiet sounds and really high pitches.
182
That's right, Squeaks!
183
Way higher than Jessie can hear.
184
It's super helpful because a lot of bats use echolocation to get around.
185
We make a very high-pitched noise with our mouth, and after the sound wave travels for a bit, it might hit something, like a tree or a bug, and bounce back to us.
186
When our ears pick up this bounced-back sound wave, we know there's a tree that we don't want to accidentally fly into, or there's a tasty bug to eat.
187
That's super useful, Sam!
188
And Bill, I was curious about something.
189
I know that you don't have oracles like Sam and I do, but do you mind if I ask how birds hear?
190
No problem.
191
Even though we don't have those flappy bits sticking out of our heads, birds still have an auditory canal and eardrum, a middle ear that makes sound waves stronger,
192
and an inner ear with nerves that send information to the brain about those sound waves.
193
Our ear parts look a little different, but they work a lot like yours.
194
Whoa, that's so cool.
195
Thanks!
196
We've got to finish up here, but we'll come visit soon.
197
Bye!
198
Bye!
199
Wow!
200
Different animals have some incredible ways of understanding sound with their ears, and I think I have an idea!
201
This camera can take pictures, but it can also record video, and more importantly, audio!
202
You can use it to help you record all of the awesome sound waves you come across on your trip!
203
And Tiny Jesse might not have real ears, but this will help you to save sounds for me to experience later.
204
Have fun with Squeaks, Tiny Jesse!
205
Oh, hi!
206
Welcome back to the fort!
207
Squeaks is finally going on his trip around the world tomorrow.
208
And while I've been helping him pack, we've been talking about our senses and the body parts we use to gather information from the world around us.
209
While I can't go with him, we've come up with ways that I can experience what he senses during his trip.
210
He's going to use this camera to take pictures to show me what he saw with his eyes, and record audio of the sounds that he used his ears to hear.
211
How else could you share your experiences?
212
Well, we need to figure out things to do that can take the place of your senses.
213
Oh, let's see who's calling.
214
Maybe they can help us.
215
It's Bill and Webb!
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Hi, Jessie!
217
We need you to settle another argument for us.
218
Yes, after Bill told you about how birds hear, we decided to learn more about all the senses we have.
219
I say there are five senses.
220
Sight, hearing, touch, taste, and spell.
221
And I say there are more than five.
222
Like, what about sense of direction?
223
You know, the one you never seem to have when it's time to go someplace warmer in the winter.
224
That's not a real sense!
225
Hang on a second, guys.
226
Sometimes you'll hear people say, we have the five senses Bill just mentioned.
227
Ha!
228
But there really are more senses than that.
229
What?!
230
First, sensory organs like our eyes have special parts called receptors.
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A receptor captures a specific kind of information from the outside world, then changes it into a signal that goes to the brain.
232
And once the signal gets to the brain, the brain directs the body what to do to respond.
233
Right!
234
When we talked about the eye, we talked about photoreceptors and how we see.
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Photoreceptors take in light, then change the light into a signal.
236
The brain makes sense of that signal, so we know what we're looking at.
237
And when we talked about the ear, we covered the receptors called hair cells in the inner ear
238
that change sound waves into signals that our brains use for our sense of hearing.
239
We also have receptors in our tongue, nose, and skin for our senses of taste, smell, and touch.
240
So that's five senses!
241
Well, yes, Bill.
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But I'm not done yet.
243
Some of the receptors in our skin, like the ones that help us feel if something is soft or bumpy or hard, sense pressure.
244
And different receptors in the skin help us to sense temperature.
245
When we wash our hands before we eat, these receptors sense how warm the water is.
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But if the water gets too hot, a completely different kind of receptor senses that we might hurt our skin.
247
These are pain receptors, and they can cause the body to take action fast.
248
So we pull our hands out from under the hot water quickly and the skin doesn't get damaged.
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I don't like what those receptors make me feel. At all.
250
Yeah, pain hurts.
251
It does hurt.
252
But pain receptors are super important because they let us know when something's not right with our bodies.
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So we can figure out what's going on and hopefully fix it if we need to.
254
Yeah, what about these other senses?
255
Well, for example, we have receptors that give us a sense of balance.
256
If you could see deep inside your ears, you'd see a part that's made of three loops full of liquid.
257
And inside these loops, there are little receptors
258
that can send signals up to the brain that tell it which way your head is facing.
259
This is how we know which way is up, down, left, and right.
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Without this sense, we couldn't stand or sit upright.
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I never thought about that before, but that's an important sense.
262
It would be hard to fly without it.
263
Yes, there are other senses too.
264
There's also a really cool one called proprioception.
265
Wow, that's a big word.
266
I think it's a fun length.
267
Proprioception.
268
Way more fun to say than sight or hearing, but But what's it mean?
269
Proprioception is the sense of where our body is in space.
270
I don't get it.
271
Okay, how about this?
272
Close your eyes and think about where the tips of your wings are.
273
Or your fingers, if you have them.
274
Now, touch your bill or nose.
275
Super easy, right?
276
Even though you couldn't see anything, while you were moving your body, you knew where everything was.
277
It's proprioception.
278
Where are the receptors for proprioception?
279
Well, they're found in places like your muscles and joints.
280
This sense of body awareness also helps us figure out how much force we need to use when doing different activities.
281
Like picking up an empty water bottle is going to require a little less oomph than a full one.
282
Speaking of water, what about feeling thirsty?
283
That's gotta be a sense!
284
Nah, that's just part of the sense of taste.
285
No it's not!
286
Quack!
287
Quack!
288
Quack!
289
Remember, to be a sense, there have to be receptors.
290
Our tongues have receptors in them that sense different flavors, like salty or sweet.
291
But there's no thirst receptor.
292
Instead, we feel thirsty when our brain detects the amount of water throughout our body is getting too low.
293
Okay, but what about my sense of the passage of time?
294
Well, that's not a sense at all!
295
Bill, web.
296
Okay, bye guys.
297
You want Tiny Jessie to experience balance and proprioception for me?
298
What else are you going to do on your trip, Squeaks?
299
Dancing?
300
That sounds amazing!
301
Dancing requires both balance and muscle movement.
302
Although, remember, Tiny Jesse doesn't have receptors.
303
That's why you're bringing the camera.
304
So, you know what you can do?
305
You can learn a dance routine from one of the countries you're going to, and then come back and teach me.
306
Then I'll get to experience the movement and balance that you did.
307
All right, it's a plan.
308
And here's the thing.
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You'll have to use many of your other senses to get that routine to me.
310
You'll have to watch the dancers and listen to the sounds they're dancing to and more.
311
I can't wait until you're back, Squeaks!
312
Although Tiny Jessie will keep you company throughout your journey.
313
Thanks for joining all of us on SciShow Kids!
314
If you want to have fun with me, Squeaks, and all our friends, you can subscribe to SciShow Kids.
315
And we'll see you next time here at the Fort!
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
วิดีโอนี้มี 315 ประโยค และ 3564 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 22:44 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วเป็นธรรมชาติ ประมาณ 157 คำต่อนาที ใกล้เคียงกับบทสนทนาในชีวิตประจำวัน 85% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| ear คำนาม | /ˈɪə̯/ | หู |
| pitch คำนาม | /pɪt͡ʃ/ | การขว้าง |
| cone คำนาม | /ˈkoʊn/ | กรวย |
| nerve คำนาม | /nɝv/ | เส้นประสาท, ประสาท |
| reflect คำกริยา | /ɹɪˈflɛkt/ | สะท้อน |
| canal คำนาม | /kəˈnæl/ | คลอง, ลำน้ำ |
| bone คำนาม | /boʊn/ | กระดูก |
| muscle คำนาม | /ˈmʌs.əl/ | กล้ามเนื้อ, กล้าม |
| liquid คำนาม | /ˈlɪk.wɪd/ | ของเหลว |
| loop คำนาม | /luːp/ | บ่วง |
| instrument คำนาม | /ˈɪnstɹəmənt/ | เครื่องมือวัด |
| lens คำนาม | /lɛnz/ | เลนส์, แว่น |
| shade คำนาม | /ʃeɪd/ | ร่ม |
| bounce คำกริยา | /baʊns/ | เด้ง |
| luggage คำนาม | /ˈlʌɡ.ɪdʒ/ | สัมภาระ, กระเป๋าเดินทาง |
กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน
| คำศัพท์ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|
| pick up คำกริยา | ยก, หยิบ |
| come back คำกริยา | กลับมา |
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | are shaped · have been born · is considered |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | nerve, which is · People who are · people who use |
| ความเป็นไปได้ด้วย “might / may” might/may + กริยา — สิ่งที่เป็นไปได้แต่ไม่แน่นอน | might mix · might have · might see |
| Past continuous was/were + -ing — การกระทำที่กำลังดำเนินอยู่ ณ ช่วงหนึ่งในอดีต | were just arguing · were just talking · were talking |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 72 ครั้ง เช่น can't, don't, they're ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: thirsty /ˈθɝs.ti/, feather /ˈfɛðə/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, thirst /θɝst/, thunderstorm /ˈθʌn.dɚˌstɔɹm/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: shade /ʃeɪd/, vibration /vaɪˈbɹeɪʃən/, rush /ɹʌʃ/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, shell /ʃɛl/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, accidentally /ˌæk.sɪˈdɛnt(ə)li/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/, invisible /ɪnˈvɪzəb(ə)l/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง ear, pitch, cone เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ