Shadowing Practice: Obstetric History | Headache in Pregnancy | OSCE Guide | UKMLA | CPSA | PLAB 2 - Learn English Speaking with Video
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hi my name is grace i'm one of the medical students in a
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and e and could i just confirm your name
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and date of birth please yeah it's karis morgan it's a 14 to the 3rd 96.
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nice to meet you karis how can i help you today um
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i don't want to be a nuisance it's just i've had these headaches
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they just won't go away so the midwife said
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that I should come into A &E
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because I am getting a little bit worried if I'm honest
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because nothing seems to be making it go away okay well
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that sounds like something
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we need to look into then can I just check how many weeks pregnant are you at 31 weeks
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now okay and tell me about what happened with midwife um I just called her up really
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because I said you know I'm having these headaches
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that they're not going away and then she said to come into A &E
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so I don't really want to know you know I don't really know why
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but yeah yeah I'm here now okay okay well let's find out a bit more then
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so tell me about these headaches yeah it started about maybe four
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or five days ago now just kind of low level
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and then it seems to be getting worse since okay
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and can you describe the headache for me yeah I'd say it's like a dull throbbing pain okay
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and is that pain there all the time yeah all the time yeah okay
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and it's not going anywhere else or no is it all over
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or just in one all over my head yeah okay
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and have you noticed anything that makes it better
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or worse initially I was taking some paracetamol and
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that was at first that was working you know the headaches were shifting
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but as the days have gone on it's not even touching it now
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so it's not doing anything okay I mean
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it sounds quite uncomfortable how bad out of 10 would you say the pain is now
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if 10 out of 10 is the worst pain?
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I'd say at the start of the week maybe about three out of ten, I'd say a low level
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and then as the days have gone on now I would give it about a six out of ten.
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Okay so it sounds quite uncomfortable.
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Yeah.
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Have you noticed anything else along with the headaches?
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Any other symptoms or changes?
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I feel sick with the headaches, yeah.
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Okay, have you been sick?
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No, I've not been sick.
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Okay, any other changes that you've noticed?
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Yeah, my ankles are a bit swollen as well.
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Okay and is
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that just over the last few days as well yeah about the same amount of time yeah okay
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so you've had four or five days of headaches
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that are all over getting worse they've got you feeling sick
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and you've also had a bit of ankle swelling is
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that right yeah right let me ask you a few more questions to make sure
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we're not missing anything okay okay so I'm sure you would have said
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but have you had any head injuries at all
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or hit your head no are you someone who normally has headaches
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or is this abnormal for you no I don't really get headaches
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so yeah it's a bit out of the ordinary okay have you had a fever
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or temperature at all no any neck stiffness no any rashes no are you I mean
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you look quite comfortable now
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but are your eyes sensitive to the light no
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it's all fine yeah okay are you moving okay yeah yeah any weakness in your arms
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or legs or dropping things no okay
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and any change to your speech at all no any change
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to your vision yeah actually a little bit on my right eye
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it's just kind of a little bit blurry okay and is
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that just in the last few days as well yeah is the right painful at all
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or no it doesn't feel any different
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it's just yeah just a little bit blurry compared to the other one okay
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and any areas of your vision where you can't see at all no no
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and any flashing lights no okay so just this bit of blurriness
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and yeah I that's come on around the same time yeah okay um you mentioned
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that you're feeling sick
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but you've not been sick have you had any tummy pain at all no any indigestion no okay
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and your bowels are they the same as usual yeah it's all fine peeing okay yeah
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and just to double check any chest pain
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or feeling breathless no okay all right
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and thinking about the baby now is the baby still moving oh yeah
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that's that's all normal yeah fine just the same as usual not less
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or more yeah just the same yeah perfect any bleeding at all no
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and any kind of tightenings or cramping no okay all right
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so i think i've got a good idea of your symptoms
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and in what ways you've been feeling unwell
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but i just need to find out a bit more about the pregnancy
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if that's okay yeah is this your first pregnancy it is yeah okay
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and tell me about how it's been
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so far um yeah good everything seems to be going well you know i've had all my checkups
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and things and no problems yeah apart from these headaches yeah okay
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and are you seeing just the midwife
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or are you seeing a doctor as well just a midwife
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and have you had all of your appointments
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and scans yeah yeah been to everyone yeah fine
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and the scans have all been normal yeah all fine
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and have you had your screening early on in pregnancy i did yeah
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and was that fine as well and
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when you've been to your appointments have they always been happy with things like your blood pressure and
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yeah i had it checked at my last appointment and
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that was all fine yeah okay and
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when was your last appointment about three weeks ago now fine
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and was that the last time someone checked your blood pressure yeah okay
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and when's your next appointment do you have one booked
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i think it's coming up in a few days time to be honest yeah
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that's why i give me midway for call right
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and it sounds like everything's been fine so far
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but just to double check have you had any complications
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so far in the pregnancy no thankfully it's all been going great yeah okay
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and have you ever needed to see a gynaecologist before for anything
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or had any gynaecology problems in the past no okay
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so you've come in today you've been sent in by the midwife
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you've been having these headaches
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you've not really been feeling well a bit of ankle swelling change of vision um in
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that eye do you have any thoughts
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or any ideas yourself about what could be going on i'm not sure really
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i i just didn't want to be wasting your time you know the fact
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that the midwife sent me here
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so yeah I don't really know okay I mean
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you're not wasting our time at all you know always welcome you in for a check especially
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if someone else has sent you in
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and was there anything about what the midwife said
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or anything about your symptoms that's worrying you at all I mean the fact
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that it isn't going away is just you know a little bit worrying
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but as I say I just think it's a headache really
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and that's why I was thinking I don't want to be wasting your time
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so yeah but I'm here to get checked up I guess yeah definitely
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and I mean did the midwife explain about what might happen in A &E
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or did you have any thoughts yourself about what we would do today
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or I was just hoping to get some kind of painkillers really
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that will be you know be safe to take with the baby
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and then and then I can just get myself home and
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so your main concern is just getting rid of this headache getting yourself feeling better yeah okay
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I've not met you before and I don't have your records here
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so I'm just going to ask a few questions about your background
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if that's all right okay do you have any other medical conditions that I should know about?
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No. Okay are you taking any medications?
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No. Are you allergic to anything?
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No. Are there any medical conditions that run in the family that I should know about?
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I've got a twin sister and she suffers from migraines.
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She has done quite a few years now.
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Okay and has anyone in the family had any problems in pregnancy?
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Yeah my mum said when she was pregnant with me
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and my sister she had something called preeclampsia I think it was
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but I don't really know anything more about it okay
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and what's your living situation Karis I live with my partner okay
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and is that the father of the child yes yeah okay
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and is he supportive very much so yeah fine
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and we ask everybody this because we just want to make sure we're not missing anything
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but you feel safe with your partner at home oh yeah definitely yeah okay
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and Karis do you drink at all any alcohol oh no
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I haven't haven't drank since before we started trying for a baby
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so a long time ago yeah okay
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and do you smoke at all no any drugs at all
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oh not since I was like a teenager no no okay
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and are you in work um yeah I work from home
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and make my own jewelry at sell online
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so that's quite nice to work around things oh yeah lovely yeah okay fine
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so Karis I'm just going to summarize what you've talked about today
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so we can make sure we're not missing anything
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so you've been sent in by the midwife with these headaches
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that have been going on four or five days they're getting worse
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and you're feeling sick you're you've had some change to your vision in your right eye
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and that it's blurry
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and you've had some ankle swelling as well yeah
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you're 31 weeks pregnant today all your appointments have been absolutely
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fine your blood pressure throughout all the scans have been completely normal
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and today baby's moving as normal as well yeah
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and your main worry is just this headache
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and that's quite uncomfortable of course yeah is there anything you feel
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that I've missed that no I think that's everything yeah okay
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and do you have any questions for me no I don't think
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so thank you okay in
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that case I think that's all the questions
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I wanted to ask okay thank you thank you today
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I spoke with Karis Morgan a 28 year old woman who
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was advised to attend A &E by her midwife Karis is 31 weeks pregnant
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and is Gravada 1 para 0 Karis describes a five -day history of a worsening generalized headache
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which is associated with nausea she also describes new ankle oedema and blurred vision to her right eye.
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Karis's pregnancy has been uncomplicated so far and she has attended all of her appointments and she is under midwife -led care.
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Her blood pressure was normal at her most recent appointment three weeks ago.
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She has no other medical conditions and takes no regular medications.
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Her mother had preeclampsia.
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There are no social concerns at home.
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The most important diagnosis to exclude here is preeclampsia given the history of headache, nausea, peripheral oedema and change to vision.
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In order to complete my initial assessment I would urgently check blood pressure
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and do a urine dip to check for protein urea.
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I would refer urgently to the obstetric team if appropriate.
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In order to complete my wider assessments, I would check vital signs, perform a pregnant abdomen examination,
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a neurological examination, and I would send blood tests, including full blood count, eusenies, LFTs, and coag.
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I would also send a urine sample to quantify the protein urea.
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Check out the GeekyMedics collection of over 1 ,000 OSCE stations.
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You can practice with friends using our group study mode or chat with our amazing AI -powered virtual patients.
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Let's get started.
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Let's get started.
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Let's get started.
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I'll see you next time.
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu konuşma dersi “Obstetric History” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: headache, fine, midwife, karis, appointment. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 188 cümle ve 2096 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 10:33 sürüyor. Konuşmacı hızlı konuşuyor, dakikada yaklaşık 199 kelime; bu yüzden birbirine bağlanan ve zayıflayan sesler duyacaksınız. Kelimelerin %85’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında; geri kalanına başlamadan önce bakmakta fayda var.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodan öğrenmeye değer 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| headache isim | /ˈhɛdeɪk/ | baş ağrısı |
| pregnancy isim | /ˈpɹɛɡnənsi/ | hamilelik |
| ankle isim | /ˈæŋ.kəl/ | ayak bileği, bilek |
| swell fiil | /swɛl/ | şişmek, şişirmek |
| uncomfortable sıfat | /ʌnˈkʌm.fɚ.tə.bl̩/ | rahatsız |
| symptom isim | /ˈsɪm(p)təm/ | semptom, belgi |
| examination isim | /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ | imtihan etmek, sınav yamak |
| urine isim | /ˈjʊɹɪn/ | çiş, idrar |
| nausea isim | /ˈnɔzi.ə/ | mide bulantısı |
| sensitive sıfat | /ˈsɛn.sɪt.ɪv/ | alıngan, darılgan |
| compare fiil | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | karşılaştırmak, kıyaslamak |
| refer fiil | /ɹɪˈfɜː/ | zikretmek |
| suffer fiil | /ˈsʌfɚ/ | çekmek, acı çekmek |
| ordinary sıfat | /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/ | sıradan, olağan |
| confirm fiil | /kənˈfɝm/ | onaylamak, tasdik etmek |
Duyacağınız deyimsel fiiller
| Kelime | Anlam |
|---|---|
| find out fiil | anlamak, ortaya çıkarmak |
| check out fiil | gözden geçirmek |
Tekrar etmeye değer cümleler
Videodan, günlük konuşmada yeniden kullanabileceğiniz kısa ve tam cümleler:
- Have you noticed anything else along with the headaches?
- No, I've not been sick.
- Okay, any other changes that you've noticed?
- Are you allergic to anything?
- I'll see you next time.
Bu videodaki dil bilgisi
Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:
| Yapı | Videoda |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — önceden başlayıp hâlâ süren bir eylem | you've been having · have been going |
| Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylem | i've had · have you noticed · have gone |
| Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli | you've been sent · was advised · is associated |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
Konuşmacı you've, don't, I'm gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 61 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.
- “th” sesleri: breathless /ˈbɹɛθləs/, throb /θɹɒb/
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, flash /flæʃ/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, rash /ɹæʃ/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌm.fɚ.tə.bl̩/, examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, ordinary /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/
Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:
- /w/ — dudaklar yuvarlak, /v/ değil: swell /swɛl/, twin /twɪn/, weakness /ˈwik.nɪs/, midway /mɪdweɪ/, midwife /ˈmɪd.waɪf/
- Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: pregnancy /ˈpɹɛɡnənsi/, swell /swɛl/, scan /skæn/, flash /flæʃ/, twin /twɪn/
- /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: ankle /ˈæŋ.kəl/, scan /skæn/, examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, flash /flæʃ/, paragraph /ˈpæɹəɡɹæf/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- 0,75× hızla başlayın, cümle cümle tekrar edin ve kolaylaşınca normal hıza dönün.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; headache, pregnancy, ankle gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.