Shadowing Practice: The Ebola Virus Explained — How Your Body Fights For Survival - Learn English Speaking with Video
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What makes Ebola so dangerous?
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How can a virus overwhelm the very complex defense system of the body so quickly and so effectively?
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Let's take a look at what Ebola does.
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(Theme music) Ebola is a virus.
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A virus is a very small thing.
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A bit of RNA or DNA and a few proteins and a hull.
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It has no ability to do anything by itself whatsoever, and can only survive and proliferate by infecting cells.
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To avoid this we have the immune system.
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The immune system is super complex so we develop a visual system that makes it easy to understand.
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So it looks like this: Let's concentrate on the part that is critical to understanding Ebola and ignore the rest.
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So usually dendritic cells will activate the army of anti-virus cells, support cells and anti-body factories that work together with the guard cells wipe out the infection in a matter of days.
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But when Ebola strikes, it directly attacks the immune system.
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Some of the first cells it takes over are the dendritic cells, the brains of the immune system.
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The Ebola virus enters a dendritic cell by binding into receptors for cell transport.
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Once it is inside, it dissolves its outer hull and releases its genetic material, nucleoproteins and enzymes.
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In a nutshell it takes over the cell, disables the cells protective mechanisms and reprograms it.
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The cell now becomes a virus production machine and uses its resources to build Ebola viruses.
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Once the cell is saturated, it dissolves the cell membrane and millions of viruses are released into the tissue.
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The virus not only prevents the dendritic cells from activating the specialized and anti-virus forces, it manipulates them into sending signal proteins that tricks specialized cells into ending their own life's prematurely.
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So the immune system is seriously disrupted and unable to react.
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When the virus rapidly multiplies, we're talking billions, there are cells that should deal with infected cells, the natural killer cells, but they also get infected and just die before they can prevent the disease from spreading.
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At the same time Ebola infects the guard cells of the body macrophages and monocytes, not only managing to circumvent their defenses, it also manipulates some to signal to the cells make up the blood vessels telling into release fluid into the body Usually this makes sense, but in this case it just causes mayhem.
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All of the body's neutrophils are activated awaken by the virus and the macrophages signals then are not very effective against viruses and should not be involve in this fight and begin to do lots of stuffs they shouldn't do.
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The neutrophils signals to the blood vessels to release more fluid causing internal bleeding.
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Another area of the body Ebola attacks is the liver. The virus finds it very easy to enter the liver and it quickly starts killing loads of liver cells and causing organ failure and more internal bleeding.
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And all those things are going on at the same time.
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As the virus spreads, it's like nukes exploding every where.
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One incident of this in one region will be problem enough But now is starting to happen everywhere at once.
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All the mechanisms of the immune system have evolve to handle infections work against you.
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And the virus continues to spread and spread.
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And finally begins to infect more and more body cells while the body desperately struggles to stay alive.
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In a desperate last effort to turn the tide the immune system launches a cytokine storm.
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A cytokine storm is an S.O.S signal that causes the immune system to launch all of its weapons, all at once in a desperate kamikaze attack.
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This hurts the virus but leaves behind tons of collateral damage, Especially in the blood vessels.
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Paradoxically the healthier the immune system, the more damage it can do to itself More and more fluid leaves the blood stream.
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Blood pours after every opening of the body.
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You become seriously dehydrated that just not now blood left to supply the organs with oxygen and cells begin to die. If you reach this point the chance of you dying is very high.
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Currently six out of ten infected die from Ebola.
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Wow! Ok. Ebola is nasty. So it’s time to panic, right?
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No, not even close.
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The severity of Ebola gets paper sold and YouTube videos shared so everybody is talking about Ebola.
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But currently the only way to get infected by Ebola is to come into contact with the body fluids of a person who shows symptoms Or from infected bat. So just don’t do that.
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Ebola has killed 5,000 people since June 2014.
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The common flu kills up to 500,000 people each year.
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Malaria causes up to one million each year.
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3,000 people every single day. Ten children since this video started.
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So even if Ebola is terrible and scary, don’t let yourself be scared. The most infectious thing about Ebola is the media hype around it.
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You could learn a bit more about the immune system though Transcription made by Miriam Delgado Subtitles by the Amara .org community Revised by: Ace Ervite
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Akıcı konuşmak için ihtiyacınız olan her şey
AI TelaffuzHer cümleyi puanla
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu C1 seviyesindeki konuşma dersi “The Ebola Virus Explained — How Your Body Fights For Survival” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: cell, Ebola, virus, immune, blood. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 48 cümle ve 858 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 5:29 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 156 kelimeyle, günlük konuşmaya yakın doğal bir hızda konuşuyor. Kelimelerin yalnızca %77’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığı zorlayıcı.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodaki en ileri düzey 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| activate fiil | /ˈæktɪˌveɪt/ | etkinleştirmek |
| cytokine isim | /ˈsaɪ.təˌkaɪn/ | sitokin |
| manipulate fiil | /məˈnɪp.jʊ.leɪt/ | manipüle etmek |
| bleed fiil | /ˈbliːd/ | kanamak [-ar] |
| awaken fiil | /əˈweɪkən/ | uyandırmak |
| dehydrate fiil | /diːhaɪˈdɹeɪt/ | kurumak |
| kamikaze isim | /ˌkɑː.mɪˈkɑː.ziː/ | kamikaze |
| mayhem isim | /ˈmeɪˌ(h)ɛm/ | kargaşa, kaos |
| multiply fiil | /ˈmʌltɪplaɪ/ | çarpmak |
| prematurely zarf | /ˌpɹiːməˈtjʊə(ɹ)li/ | erken, erkenden |
| disable fiil | /dɪsˈeɪbəl/ | devre dışı bırakmak |
| symptom isim | /ˈsɪm(p)təm/ | semptom, belgi |
| malaria isim | /məˈlɛəɹi.ə/ | sıtma, malarya |
| saturated sıfat | doygun | |
| collateral isim | /kəˈlætəɹəl/ | teminat |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
Konuşmacı don't, shouldn't, we're gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 4 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: specialize /ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz/, nutshell /ˈnʌt.ʃɛl/, infectious /ɪnˈfɛk.ʃəs/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: manipulate /məˈnɪp.jʊ.leɪt/, kamikaze /ˌkɑː.mɪˈkɑː.ziː/, paradoxically /ˌpɛɹəˈdɑksɪkli/, prematurely /ˌpɹiːməˈtjʊə(ɹ)li/, proliferate /pɹəˈlɪf.əɹ.eɪt/
Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:
- /w/ — dudaklar yuvarlak, /v/ değil: awaken /əˈweɪkən/, overwhelm /ˌoʊ.vɚˈwɛlm/, whatsoever /ˌ(h)wʌtsoʊˈɛvɚ/, wipe /waɪp/
- Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: neutrophil /ˈnjuːtɹəfɪl/, specialize /ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz/, bleed /ˈbliːd/, prematurely /ˌpɹiːməˈtjʊə(ɹ)li/, proliferate /pɹəˈlɪf.əɹ.eɪt/
- /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: activate /ˈæktɪˌveɪt/, macrophage /ˈmækɹɔʊː.feɪd͡ʒ/, collateral /kəˈlætəɹəl/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- 0,75× hızla başlayın, cümle cümle tekrar edin ve kolaylaşınca normal hıza dönün.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; activate, cytokine, manipulate gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.