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1
Hello everybody.
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Welcome back to Reading for Vocabulary.
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I'm Brian Stewart.
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We're on unit two now.
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We're talking about rocks.
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Rocks?
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That's boring.
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Actually, rocks are interesting.
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We're going to find out some interesting things about rocks in this lesson.
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Lesson four, we're talking about we've struck gold.
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We've struck gold.
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We hit gold.
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Well, that's what people will say if they find gold.
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And gold is very precious, right?
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It's precious.
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Okay, so we've struck gold.
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We found gold.
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We're talking about science.
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That's our subject.
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Our subject is about science and we're going to focus on some rocks are very expensive or precious.
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Let's take a look.
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Gold is a type of metal, really.
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They're saying it's a type of rock.
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It's a precious rock.
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If you look at these things are made of gold, it's very expensive, very precious.
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People like to have gold.
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Gold is very beautiful.
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So people will think it's very precious rock and it's worth a lot of money.
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It's worth a lot of money.
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So gold is worth a lot of money.
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Gold is a precious rock.
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Let's take a look at our vocabulary.
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Number one, what is this?
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This is not gold.
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What is this?
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This is a very beautiful stone or rock.
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It's a clear, hard and expensive stone.
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And you see this big one here, but you also see all of these other ones here.
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Wow!
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This is a really expensive thing, isn't it?
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Because it has many diamonds.
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Diamond.
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Diamond is just two sounds.
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Diamond.
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Don't say di-a-mond.
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No. Diamond.
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Diamond.
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Okay, so diamonds are very expensive.
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They're very hard, too.
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Really hard.
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Do you know that diamonds can cut glass?
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That's how hard diamonds are.
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Diamonds can cut glass.
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So diamonds are very hard.
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Next one.
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Two, something pretty you wear on your neck or fingers.
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Wow, look at all of these stones, all of these rocks.
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They're very pretty.
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These, of course, are gemstones.
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Gemstones.
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Let me write that here for you.
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Gemstones.
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Now, I don't have enough room.
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Gemstones, maybe I should write it over here.
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It's really one word.
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Gemstones.
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And there's many types of gemstones.
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Here's our diamond.
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Remember the diamond.
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Here's a ruby, right?
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Here's a sapphire.
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there's many types of gemstones.
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But when you take these gemstones and you make them, you put them on a ring or you put them on a necklace or you put them in earrings.
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I don't wear earrings but some guys do.
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You put earrings or necklace or ring, what do you call that?
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That you can wear on your neck, your fingers, your ears, right?
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What do you call that?
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You call it Jewelry.
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Now this is 힘들o to pronounce, right?
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발람 힘들어요, right?
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So, jewelry, jewelry.
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It's kind of like jewelry.
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So if you think about it, it sounds like two sounds.
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Jewel, re, but jewel, jewel is really two sounds.
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Jewelry, jewelry.
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So, jewel, jewel, jewelry, jewelry.
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It's a little 힘들o, right?
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Jewelry, jewelry.
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Okay, so that is the sound or that's how you pronounce jewelry.
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And remember, this is not jewelry, this is just gemstones.
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But we use gemstones to make rings, earrings, necklace, that's jewelry.
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Okay.
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Three, to try to find something.
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So you're looking through a magnifying glass, right?
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She's trying to find something.
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I don't know if you can see in the picture, there's two ladybugs here.
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She's trying to find those ladybugs, right?
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What is she doing?
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She is searching.
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She is searching.
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Search.
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To search means to try to find something.
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You could also say look for.
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She is looking for.
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Look for.
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Search.
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Docteo.
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Right?
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Search and look for.
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Same thing.
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He is looking for his keys.
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He is searching for his keys.
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Okay, next one.
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Oh, where is this?
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This looks very dark and dirty and maybe cold.
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It's not a nice place, right?
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Maybe a little wet too.
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But this is really underground, far underground.
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And when people are digging under the ground, what are they doing?
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When they're digging under the ground, especially when they're looking for expensive rocks, They are mining.
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It comes from this place.
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This place is called a mine.
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This is a mine.
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It's a place.
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The action or activity is mining.
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When I was younger, I worked at a mine.
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I worked in human resources in a mine, but the mine looked like this.
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It was an open pit mine, right?
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It was not underground, it was a pit in the ground.
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Big trucks, huge trucks.
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So mines can be underground like this.
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Mines can also be just a hole in the ground too.
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So there's different kinds of mines.
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Okay, five.
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To give money to buy things.
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When you give money to buy something, what are you doing?
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You are paying.
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You pay money for something.
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Pay money for something.
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Something could be toys, could be games, could be clothes, food.
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You pay money for something. Be careful.
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Pay is an irregular verb.
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We say pay, paid, paid.
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So past tense, we say paid.
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How much did you pay?
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I paid $10.
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Okay, next one.
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Whoa, very nice.
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Very banja banja, right?
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When you say banja banja, what can you say?
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Bright and full of light, it's shiny.
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Shiny is like banja banja, very shiny.
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If you have gold or silver, it's shiny.
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Okay, very shiny.
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Next one, seven.
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This is an interesting picture.
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These books look very, very old.
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A long time ago, they didn't make many books, and a lot of books have been destroyed because they got old.
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There's been fires, water, rain.
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People throw them away.
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So very old books are hard to find.
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Some of the original books are hard to find.
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What are they?
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What can we say about them?
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They are rare.
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Be careful pronunciation.
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You have two R sounds.
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Ruh.
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Remember when you make R sound, your tongue is near the back of your throat.
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Ruh.
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Ruh.
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It kind of forms a U in the back of your throat.
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Ruh.
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Ruh.
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From side to side.
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Ruh.
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Rare.
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Rare.
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Okay, so one more time.
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Rare.
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So, something that is hard to find is rare.
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Okay, next one.
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Awe, it's cute, right?
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Kipchil.
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A little kitten, right?
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A little cat.
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The cat is not hard.
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That means if you touch the cat, it's not a hard surface.
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It's not like touching a table or this screen.
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It's not hard like that.
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It's very what?
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It's the opposite, pandero, of hard, soft.
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Sure, if you put your hand on the kitten, it's very soft, very nice, very soft.
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Okay, next one.
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Number nine.
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Okay, looks like somebody has been very busy today.
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They've paid a lot of money for many things.
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To get something by paying money for it, what were they doing?
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They were buying.
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They were buying many things.
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If you said shopping, that's okay too, shop.
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When people shop, that's what she's been doing, but she was buying things.
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She was shopping.
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Also she was paying money for things.
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She was buying things.
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Now remember, buy is irregular.
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It changes form for the past.
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Buy, bought, bought.
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What did you buy?
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I bought shoes.
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I bought a jacket.
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I bought, what did you buy?
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I bought something.
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Okay, next one, number 10.
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What's this guy crazy?
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What's he doing?
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Don't do that.
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Hajima!
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Joshi-mei!
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Okay, he's got to be careful, right?
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That's crazy.
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He's going to electrocute himself.
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That's really dangerous.
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Don't do that, right?
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Very foolish.
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We could say crazy.
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You could also say stupid.
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Okay, this boy is stupid.
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I think in Korean you say, Pa-bo, right?
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Is that right?
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Pa-bo?
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Pa-bo would be like stupid.
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But crazy is Michi-so, right?
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Michi-so.
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So he's crazy.
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Okay?
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Don't do that.
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He's crazy if he does that.
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That's really nuts.
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You can all say nuts.
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He is nuts.
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He's nuts.
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He's crazy.
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We do this to mean he's crazy.
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Okay.
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Very foolish.
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Don't do that.
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Okay, next one.
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Hey, these kids are having a good time.
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They are not outside.
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They are inside.
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So, pandero, out, in.
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Inside is the same.
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Outside is outside with trees and nature, grass, dirt, sky above you.
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That's outside.
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Inside is in a bus or in a building, in a home, in an office, right?
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You're inside.
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Not outside means you are inside.
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Okay, next one.
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What is she doing?
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Well, it's a very nice thing that she has.
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She's imagining what will happen.
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So she's thinking in her mind.
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She has pictures in her mind about what will happen in the future,
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maybe tomorrow, next week, next year.
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imagining she is guessing she is guessing what will happen it's a guess I don't know
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but I'm guessing when you imagine what will happen you can guess you can also especially
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when you say imagine what will happen it's like predict you can also say predict you predict what will happen happen.
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Okay, next one.
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Okay, what is this person doing?
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Looks like they're in their garden, right?
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And they're growing plants.
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So, when you garden, you make a hole in the ground with a tool, right?
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What are you doing?
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It's a very simple word to dig, dig, dig in the ground.
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Dig is an irregular verb, so it changes form.
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Dig, dug, dug.
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Not a person's name, be careful, because a person's name can be Doug.
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Hi Doug, how are you?
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But it doesn't mean Doug as in past tense of dig.
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It's a different thing.
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Dig, dug, dug.
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Okay, next one.
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This is underwater, some very pretty fish, beautiful fish, But if you think about the surface of the water is here
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and you go down and down and down and down and down, if you get really far down, to be far down, where are you?
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You are deep.
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To be deep underwater, deep underground, right?
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You go down into something and to be far down in something, deep underwater, deep underground.
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So, to be very deep is to be far down.
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Okay, next one.
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This is a beautiful countryside, right?
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We have some water here and the water is moving, right?
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It's a natural flow of water coming through somewhere.
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You've got land on both sides.
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The water is moving.
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What do we call this?
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We call it a river.
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It's a river.
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Remember, rivers are wide, right?
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If it's really small and you could step across it or walk across it very easily, it's not a river.
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We would call it a stream.
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A stream.
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Or you could call it a creek.
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Those are very small, but very wide.
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You have to swim across it.
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That's a river.
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That would be a river.
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16. Water surrounded by land.
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So we have water here and on all sides, on all sides, we can't see the rest of the picture, but just imagine there's land all around it.
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Wow, look at that.
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I drew that with my hand.
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Okay, all around there, there's land.
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So water surrounded by land is called a lake.
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A lake.
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By the way, it's interesting.
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What do you call land surrounded by water?
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Think about the opposite.
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Pandero.
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What do you call it?
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You would call that an island.
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That would be an island.
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So island is the opposite, pandero, of lake.
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So water surrounded by land is a lake.
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Land surrounded by water is island.
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Now, we've taken a look at all of our words.
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Let's do an exercise to remember those words.
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How well do you remember?
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What we're doing, this is interesting because we're asking you guys riddles.
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What is a riddle?
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Here is a riddle right here.
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Riddle.
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A riddle is when we give you clues about something, we give you a clue or a hint,
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we describe something but we don't say the name.
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You have to guess the name, you have to think of the name.
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A riddle is like a puzzle.
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We give you some hints or clues and you think of the answer.
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The answers are here.
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Let's go over them.
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Diamond, diamond.
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Search, search.
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Shiny, shiny.
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Pay, pay.
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Jewelry, jewelry.
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Mining, mining.
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Rare, rare.
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And soft, soft.
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Those are the answers to our riddles or our puzzles.
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What's the first riddle?
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The first riddle is, I, now when we say I, it doesn't mean I, me, it means an object.
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Imagine some object is talking, right?
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That's part of the clue or the hint.
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So I go on your hand.
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I go on your ear.
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What am I?
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What goes on your hand?
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A ring goes on your hand.
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What goes on your ear?
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An earring.
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So the answer is not ring or earring.
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The answer is something that ring and earring are both types of.
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A ring and an earring are types of what?
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We talked about this before.
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They are types of jewelry.
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So, what am I?
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This is a common riddle question, right?
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Hint one, hint two, and then question.
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What am I?
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It's jewelry.
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Okay?
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So I go on your hand, I go on your ear.
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What am I?
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That's a riddle.
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Okay?
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And the answer to this riddle is jewelry because ring and earring are types of jewelry.
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Okay.
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Let's do number two.
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I can't find it.
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What should I do?
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So you can't find something.
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What should I do?
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Cry.
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I can't find it.
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No, don't cry.
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Right?
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It's better to do something active.
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If you can't find something, 찾아요.
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Is that right?
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찾아요?
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Yeah, 찾아요.
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So what should you do?
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You should search for it.
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찾아요 is like find or search.
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So you should search, search for it.
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Don't cry.
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Search.
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Okay, next one.
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Number three, we're digging for gold.
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We're digging for gold.
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What are we doing?
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So what's another word for digging for gold?
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What's a word that explains digging for gold?
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When people dig in the ground looking for gold or jewelry, not jewelry, but gemstones, what are they doing?
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What are they doing here?
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If you chose mining, that's right.
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That's the answer to the riddle.
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Digging in the ground for gold, you are mining.
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I told you before, I worked at a mine before.
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I worked at a gold mine.
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That's very interesting, isn't it?
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The company I worked for was looking for gold and they made shiny bars of gold, very expensive.
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Okay, four, a pillow and a feather, what are they?
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This is an interesting riddle.
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It's comparing two things.
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A pillow, of course, is when you go to bed at night, on your bed, you have a nice cushion, and you put your head on it, and it's nice.
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It's very what?
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A feather is also the same thing.
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If you touch your face with a feather, it's nice and soft.
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Right?
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That's the answer.
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A pillow and a feather, what are they?
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They are both.
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Both a pillow and a feather are both soft.
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A pillow and a feather, what are they?
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That's another type of riddle.
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Okay, two more riddles.
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I give him money for food, what do I do?
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If you give somebody money for food or
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if you give somebody money for a game or if you give somebody money for clothes, what are you doing?
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What are you doing?
430
You are paying.
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You pay.
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What do I do?
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I pay.
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I pay.
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Six, you can find me in a rock.
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Not me.
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Again, riddles you have to imagine like an object or something is talking.
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You can find me in a rock.
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What am I?
440
What am I?
441
I'm in a rock.
442
Well, what is in a rock here?
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What is something that we find in a rock?
444
Of course, we can find a diamond in a rock.
445
A diamond can be found in rock or rocks.
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A diamond can be found in a rock.
447
So what am I?
448
It's a diamond.
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So that's interesting, isn't it?
450
It's fun to play riddles.
451
Think of clues or hints and ask your friends riddles.
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You can use some of these words to make riddles to ask your friends.
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See if they can guess what the answer to your riddle is.
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Okay, well that wraps it up for the vocabulary section.
455
Let's take a short break and then we'll come back and look at the reading.
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Don't go away.
457
Hello everybody.
458
Welcome back to the lesson.
459
We're going over lesson four, the reading for lesson four.
460
And the title is, We've Struck Gold.
461
We've Found Gold.
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Let's go over the reading.
463
The reading starts in an interesting way.
464
It starts with a question.
465
Do you want to buy my rock?
466
If you have a rock and you ask your friend, hey, do you want to buy my rock?
467
Your friend will say, what?
468
I don't want to buy your rock?
469
That's crazy.
470
That's silly.
471
This may sound crazy, but it's not.
472
Not always, right?
473
Because people will pay a lot of money for the right rock.
474
What makes these rocks so special?
475
We are starting off with a strange question, do you want to buy my rock?
476
Normally people would say, that sounds crazy, that question, this is crazy.
477
Buy a rock, what?
478
That's crazy.
479
But sometimes it's not.
480
But it's not in this case.
481
I would say, but sometimes it's not.
482
It says it's not here if you have one of these rocks, right?
483
Because people will pay a lot of money.
484
They're worth a lot of money for the right rock.
485
What's the right rock?
486
Well, a diamond would be the right rock.
487
A ruby would be the right rock.
488
A sapphire would be the right rock.
489
Some gemstones are very valuable.
490
Gold is very valuable.
491
So, what is it that makes these rocks so special?
492
Why are they so special?
493
Let's find out from the reading.
494
Next one, rocks are everywhere.
495
So, of course, rocks are everywhere, right?
496
Now we're jumping back from the special rocks to all rocks.
497
There are rocks everywhere.
498
We're standing on a big rock that's floating in space, right?
499
And there's also a lot of little rocks on Earth.
500
Rocks are everywhere.
501
Why would you pay for a rock?
502
We're kind of getting back to the beginning of the passage.
503
It sounds crazy to pay money for a rock.
504
Well, this mine has something inside.
505
The author is saying, let's look at one specific mine.
506
Let's go imagine we're going to a specific mine.
507
This mine has something inside.
508
What is it?
509
What is in this mine.
510
Can you guess what it is?
511
Okay, that's like a riddle.
512
Can you guess?
513
We talked about riddles.
514
That means you have to guess about something.
515
We're going to see some clues or hints.
516
The clues are, it's shiny and very pretty.
517
That's a clue right there.
518
It's shiny.
519
It's very pretty.
520
It's very beautiful.
521
That's one clue.
522
Another clue is here.
523
You might see it on a ring, on jewelry.
524
You might see it on a ring, and that's part of this one.
525
People make jewelry with it.
526
So, let's go back here a little bit.
527
This mine has something inside.
528
Can you guess what it is?
529
That's the riddle.
530
Then we see the clues.
531
One, it's shiny.
532
It's pretty.
533
You might see it on a ring.
534
People make jewelry from it.
535
Those are clues.
536
The answer is here.
537
What is it?
538
It's a diamond.
539
Yay!
540
We got the answer to the riddle.
541
What is it?
542
Or what is in this mine?
543
It's a diamond.
544
It's a diamond mine, right?
545
That mine is a mine for diamonds.
546
Diamonds are found in rocks, of course, because we have to dig into the rock to find diamonds.
547
Of course, most rocks don't have diamonds in them.
548
Finding one, finding one refers back to rocks.
549
Finding one rock with a diamond is rare.
550
It's not common.
551
And of course, that's true.
552
If every rock had a diamond inside, then diamonds wouldn't be special.
553
Everybody would have a diamond, and diamonds wouldn't be expensive.
554
But diamonds are rare.
555
They are very hard to find because they're not common.
556
They are rare.
557
They're rare.
558
So, also another problem is these rocks, the rocks with diamonds in them, are deep under the ground.
559
You really have to dig deep under the ground to find rocks with diamonds in them.
560
In South Africa, people go kilometers down into the ground to get diamonds from the diamond mines.
561
So it's very deep underground.
562
We have to dig and search for diamonds.
563
This, what is this?
564
The action.
565
This action.
566
Dig and search for them.
567
This is called mining.
568
So this refers back to the action, the activity that we do.
569
This, digging deep underground and looking, this is called mining.
570
This action is called mining.
571
Okay.
572
Mining, of course, can take a long time.
573
It takes a long time to mine because you have to dig really far underground.
574
Before I told you I worked at a mine, that was like 20 years ago.
575
That mine is still in operation.
576
They are still digging.
577
Mining can take a long time.
578
Have you ever seen a black and yellow rock?
579
A rock that's black and yellow inside?
580
What kind of rock is that?
581
Well if you do, if you do see a black and yellow rock, pick it up and keep it.
582
Don't throw it away, keep it.
583
Why?
584
You may have found some gold.
585
You may, maybe, not for sure,
586
maybe you found some gold be careful because there's something called fool's gold.
587
Fool's gold, there's other gems or metal that looks like gold but it's not gold,
588
it's pyrite and people think, oh it's gold but it's not gold, I'm sorry.
589
So you have to be careful.
590
You may have found some gold, maybe you have to take it to a geologist or an expert and they'll look at Oh yes,
591
it is gold, hopefully.
592
Gold comes from rocks too.
593
You can see the gold on the outside, right?
594
So this is one nugget, right?
595
If this is all gold, that's one nugget, right?
596
That's all gold, no rock.
597
Okay, that's good.
598
But you can see the gold on the outside of the rock.
599
Gold is not as hard as most rocks, and that's true.
600
That's what's interesting about gold.
601
Gold is not as hard as other rocks.
602
Gold is actually a little bit soft.
603
If you take a piece of metal, you can scratch gold.
604
And that's important because people can shape gold into rings easily.
605
If it's soft, people can make jewelry from gold much easily.
606
They can change the shape of the gold.
607
Gold is much softer.
608
Gold is not as hard as most rocks, it's much softer.
609
It's softer than most rocks.
610
These two sentences kind of say the same thing.
611
Gold is not as hard as most rocks, it, gold, is much softer than most rocks.
612
These two sentences say the same thing, really.
613
Okay, mining is one way to find gold.
614
One way to find gold is to mine, to dig into the ground to find it.
615
Sometimes you can find gold in rivers and lakes.
616
So this is one way, this is a second way.
617
You don't always have to mine, dig in the ground to find gold.
618
Sometimes, like a hundred years ago, 150 years ago, there were men who went in the American West and other parts of the world,
619
but in the American West, they would take these big pans and they would go in the streams
620
and they would take some dirt and sand and they would swish it around.
621
Gold is soft, but it's also heavy, so it would fall to the bottom.
622
And they would do this and they would get all the water and the sand and the bottom they would find, see this pan, they would find gold.
623
And they were very, eh, we found gold, we struck gold.
624
That's the name here.
625
Okay, so wait until the summer though, okay?
626
Because we're talking about the second one.
627
Sometimes you can find gold and rivers and lakes.
628
Wait until the summer before you go looking for gold.
629
Why?
630
Because there is less water then.
631
And because less water, it will be easier to find gold.
632
So all of these sentences have to do with number two.
633
Sometimes you can find gold and rivers and lakes.
634
If you do that, wait until the summer.
635
Why?
636
The summer's hotter.
637
The water level goes down in the summer.
638
The water goes away.
639
It evaporates.
640
So there's less water.
641
So there's more sand, right?
642
You don't have to dig in the water or look underwater.
643
There's less water.
644
It's easier to find gold.
645
It will be easier to find your gold if there is gold there.
646
Okay, so that's something you can do if you're in the American West.
647
My dad, he's a geologist and when we were young, he took us to Pan for Gold.
648
We did that when we were kids and it was fun.
649
Sometimes dad would put fool's gold in there so we find that that was fun.
650
Remember all this next time you see a rock.
651
You could be rich and not even know it.
652
So if you see a rock, remember that.
653
Now be careful though, not all rocks will have diamonds or precious gemstones in them.
654
But maybe, sometimes, take a look at the rock.
655
You could be, could, doesn't mean you will be, you could be, it's possible.
656
You could be rich and not even know it.
657
So if you find a shiny rock, if you're in the American West, in Colorado, in Arizona, Nevada, you find a rock in the stream, keep it.
658
Maybe it has gold in it.
659
Maybe, but you won't know it.
660
You have to break open the rock or show it to an expert and they say, yeah, that is gold.
661
So if you find a shiny, beautiful rock in the ground, keep it. Who knows?
662
You could be rich and you don't know it.
663
That's what this sentence is saying.
664
Let's take a look at the comprehension questions.
665
Number one is always about what is this story about?
666
What is the whole subject that we're talking about?
667
What is this story about?
668
Is this story about rare rocks?
669
What did we talk about?
670
We talked about diamonds, we talked about gold.
671
What are they?
672
They are rare rocks, so that's the right answer.
673
This story is about rare rocks, diamonds and gold.
674
B, cheap jewelry?
675
No, we didn't talk about cheap jewelry.
676
Dirty rocks, that's kind of silly, all rocks are dirty.
677
D, soft rocks, don't get confused, they talked about gold being soft, but the whole passage wasn't about gold, we also talked about diamonds,
678
which are very, very hard, right?
679
So that's not the right answer.
680
So of course the right answer is rare rocks.
681
This story is about rare rocks.
682
As I said, not every rock has a diamond in it, not every shiny yellow metal you find is gold.
683
They are rare, so rare rocks.
684
2. You can find beep and beep inside the right rocks.
685
What can you find inside the right rocks?
686
A. Blood and oil.
687
You can find blood in rocks?
688
I hope not.
689
Rocks don't bleed.
690
That's crazy.
691
You could find oil but the passage didn't say anything about oil.
692
We're not talking about oil here.
693
You can find pollution and dirt inside the right rocks.
694
That's very silly too, right?
695
Because of course you're going to find dirt in rocks.
696
Rocks are made of dirt that's been pressed together.
697
Rocks are dirt.
698
And pollution, that doesn't make sense.
699
That's just a very silly answer.
700
See, you can find jewelry and makeup inside rocks.
701
Jewelry and makeup.
702
Can you open up a rock?
703
Oh, there's some lipstick, right?
704
Oh, there's some powder for my face.
705
No, that's crazy, right?
706
You can't find makeup in a rock and you're not going to find jewelry because remember, jewelry is something that people make.
707
You open up a rock and there's a ring or a necklace.
708
No, that's crazy.
709
So you won't find that either.
710
That's just very silly.
711
So that leaves us with D.
712
You can find diamonds and gold inside the right rocks.
713
Not all rocks but just the right rocks.
714
Is that true?
715
Yes, that's what we're talking about.
716
Diamonds and gold can be found in the right rocks.
717
So D is the correct answer.
718
Let's move on to number three.
719
Diamonds are beep and very pretty.
720
We see two things about diamonds.
721
The one thing we can see is right there, but what's the other description about diamonds?
722
What else is true about diamonds?
723
Yes, diamonds are very pretty, but what else are they?
724
Are they ugly?
725
No, because that contradicts.
726
the opposite of very pretty.
727
Diamonds are not ugly.
728
Diamonds are shiny and very pretty.
729
Yeah, remember shiny is like pancha pancha, right?
730
Very shiny, bright.
731
And diamonds are shiny.
732
They're bright.
733
Okay, let's just go C and D.
734
Diamonds are purple.
735
Purple?
736
Now remember the picture?
737
Diamonds are clear.
738
They have no color.
739
Well, you could say they're white, but they just reflect the light.
740
If you look at a diamond you can see right through it.
741
Diamonds are clear.
742
They don't really have a color, so they're not purple.
743
Diamonds are dirty?
744
No, diamonds look very clean, so they're not dirty.
745
So, of course we say diamonds are shiny and very pretty.
746
That's the correct answer.
747
Four, gold is beep than most rocks.
748
Let's take a look here.
749
Now, A is bigger.
750
Gold is bigger than most rocks.
751
What does that mean?
752
It depends on how much gold.
753
You can have a little bit of gold, you can have a lot of gold.
754
We don't know.
755
And rocks are all sizes.
756
So it doesn't make sense to say gold is bigger than most rocks.
757
That doesn't make sense.
758
The next one is funny.
759
Gold is smarter than most rocks.
760
So rocks are smart than other rocks?
761
than other rocks?
762
That's crazy, right?
763
Rocks can't be smart.
764
Rocks aren't smart at all.
765
Rocks don't think.
766
How can gold be smart?
767
That doesn't make sense.
768
Gold is softer than most rocks.
769
Okay, now we're getting into something that we can say about rocks.
770
Some rocks are hard, some rocks are softer.
771
And as I said before, as we saw in the reading, gold is softer than most rocks.
772
I made a point of saying that because gold is soft, people can make jewelry out of it.
773
They can change the shape of gold more easily.
774
So yes, it's true, gold is softer than most rocks.
775
Not harder, that's the opposite.
776
So the right answer is gold is softer than most rocks.
777
Let's do a little bit of review about special rocks.
778
We're talking about, there are many special rocks.
779
We've talked about specifically two kinds.
780
One is diamonds, the other one is gold.
781
Gold is really more of a metal than a rock, but it can be found in rocks.
782
You can find gold nuggets, which are kind of rocks.
783
But these are gold bars.
784
They're very beautiful, very shiny, and very heavy.
785
One thing this passage didn't say is gold is very heavy.
786
This bar would be really heavy.
787
Okay, let's take a look.
788
People make jewelry with them.
789
Yes, people make jewelry with diamonds and gold.
790
Jewelry, they can make earrings, you make necklaces, rings, all sorts of different kinds of jewelry.
791
That's true.
792
What else?
793
We find these things.
794
How do we find them?
795
We find them by mining.
796
People will dig into the ground to find diamonds and to find gold.
797
One more thing, they are rare and expensive.
798
They are rare and that makes them expensive.
799
If they were common, they wouldn't be expensive.
800
They have to be rare.
801
It's hard to find them and there's not much of them.
802
It's very hard to find these things.
803
Diamonds are very deep underground.
804
You have to dig hard to find diamonds.
805
There's not that much gold in the world.
806
They're rare and they are expensive.
807
Very interesting, talking about precious rocks.
808
Of course, mostly we've talked about diamonds and gold.
809
We've learned some interesting things about these types of rocks and metal.
810
Next time you're looking around, look at the rocks more closely.
811
There's more types of things than diamonds and gold, and who knows, maybe you can find a gold nugget
812
or a diamond if you go to the right places in the world.
813
Anyway that wraps up today's lesson.
814
We'll see you guys later.
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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Bài luyện nói trình độ B1 này dựa trên video “Learn English”. Những từ được nhắc lại nhiều nhất trong bài: rock, gold, diamond, jewelry, mine. Video này có 813 câu và 5473 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 39:51. Người nói giữ tốc độ đều, khoảng 137 từ mỗi phút, vừa sức để nói đuổi theo. 85% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất; phần còn lại nên xem trước khi luyện. 163 trong 813 câu là câu hỏi, nên bài này hợp để luyện ngữ điệu câu hỏi và cách trả lời ngắn.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ khó nhất trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| jewellery danh từ | /ˈd͡ʒʊ-/ | đồ châu báu, đồ nữ trang |
| riddle danh từ | /ˈɹɪdəl/ | câu đố |
| gemstone danh từ | /ˈd͡ʒɛmˌstoʊn/ | đá quý |
| clue danh từ | /kluː/ | manh mối |
| earring danh từ | /ˈɪəɹɪŋ/ | khuyên tai, khuyên |
| dig động từ | /dɪɡ/ | đào, bới |
| feather danh từ | /ˈfɛðə/ | lông vũ, lông |
| dirt danh từ | /dɝt/ | bụi, đất |
| jewel danh từ | /ˈd͡ʒuːəl/ | đá quý |
| surround động từ | /səˈɹaʊnd/ | bao vây |
| necklace danh từ | /ˈnɛkləs/ | chuỗi hạt |
| pillow danh từ | /ˈpɪl.oʊ/ [ˈpʰɪɫ.ö̞] | gối |
| beep danh từ | /biːp/ | bíp |
| vocabulary danh từ | /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/ | từ vựng |
| predict động từ | /pɹɪˈdɪkt/ | dự báo |
Cụm động từ bạn sẽ nghe
| Từ | Nghĩa |
|---|---|
| open up động từ | mở |
| come back động từ | trở lại, trở về |
| go back động từ | trở lại |
Những câu đáng luyện lại
Các câu ngắn, trọn ý trong video mà bạn có thể dùng lại khi giao tiếp hằng ngày:
- Do you know that diamonds can cut glass?
- What do you call that?
- How much did you pay?
- I don't want to buy your rock?
- What is the whole subject that we're talking about?
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Câu điều kiện if + mệnh đề, will/would + động từ — điều kiện và kết quả | If they were common, they wouldn't be |
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại | we've struck · have been destroyed · There's been |
| Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm | are made · is called · have been destroyed |
| Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật | men who went · nuggets, which are |
Phát âm cần chú ý
Người nói dùng 115 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ don't, we're, they're. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.
- Âm “th”: feather /ˈfɛðə/, cloth /klɒθ/, throat /ˈθɹoʊt/
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: foolish /ˈfuː.lɪʃ/, pollution /pəˈluʃən/, pronunciation /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/, comprehension /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/, cushion /ˈkʊʃən/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: underwater /ʌndɚˈwɔtəɹ/, irregular /ɪˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, geologist /d͡ʒiˈɑːlədʒɪst/, electrocute /ɪˈlɛktɹəkjuːt/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Nói đuổi từng câu ở tốc độ bình thường, lặp lại mỗi câu đến khi nhịp của bạn khớp với người nói.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như jewellery, riddle, gemstone.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.