Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: You Live Inside a Cosmic Hole... And there's a problem
Đang tạo bài học...
1
There is a giant hole in the universe.
2
Imagine a big empty ball that measures two billion light-years across,
3
meaning it would take half the age of planet Earth for light to travel from one side to the other.
4
And right here, in the very center of this cosmic void, is you and me, and the entire Milky Way galaxy.
5
Now, the idea that we live in the middle of a big hole in space might sound weird, even kinda terrifying, but there's actually a good chance
6
that this hole is our key to finally understanding the mysterious nature of our own infinite universe.
7
Because when we look up at the night sky, even from the darkest place in the world, or through the lens of the most powerful telescope in space, we never see the full picture.
8
The universe is not an endless blanket of stars.
9
The real universe looks like this.
10
A three-dimensional structure of voids and clusters that stretches out like an infinite web.
11
It's actually not so different from the way that neurons move through your brain, which is interesting and probably not a coincidence.
12
But going back to the universe, there are two opposing forces that are working against each other to create this web.
13
Those are gravity and dark energy.
14
Most of us are pretty familiar with gravity.
15
It's the reason why things fall down when you drop them, and gravity is a product of mass.
16
The Earth is very massive, so therefore it creates the pull of gravity that you are experiencing right now.
17
Even astronauts in space are still caught up in Earth's gravity, and so is the Moon.
18
That's what keeps it close to us.
19
Gravity can stretch out through space over long distances, and the more massive the object creating the pull, the further it can reach.
20
That's how the Sun's gravity is able to hold on to planets as far away as Neptune.
21
And the most massive object in our galaxy is a black hole located at the very center.
22
It's called Sagittarius A star.
23
Now, it's not a star like the way that our Sun is a star.
24
The star actually refers to this asterisk in the name, and that is just a way to mark this object as an important one.
25
But saying Sagittarius A asterisk is pretty awkward, so instead we use star.
26
Now the gravity of our galaxy, the Milky Way, holds our Sun in place, but it's also powerful enough to reach out and pull on other galaxies.
27
This is our closest neighbor galaxy, Andromeda.
28
It's stuck in the hole with us.
29
One thing you might find comforting is that we're not alone in this giant void.
30
The Milky Way is actually part of a cluster of galaxies that we call our local group.
31
There's one large spiral called Triangulum that's just a little further away than Andromeda.
32
then there are a few dozen much smaller dwarf galaxies that cluster around us.
33
The combined gravity of the three large galaxies is actually
34
so strong that all three of us are being pulled together into one epic collision event
35
that will merge the three spirals together into one super galaxy.
36
That's like two or three billion years from now though, so don't worry too much about it.
37
But the inevitability of the merger does give us a problem that we need to solve right now.
38
If galaxies have a tendency to pull themselves together, then how do we end up with a giant void where hardly any galaxies exist
39
and just one small cluster gets stuck in the middle?
40
Were we rejected by the other galaxies?
41
Are we the misfits of the cosmos?
42
Maybe.
43
But to find a more reasonable answer, we have to look at the big opposing force to gravity, dark energy.
44
It's very spooky-sounding stuff, but dark energy is actually just a label
45
that we use to describe the mysterious force that is causing the universe to expand.
46
When we think about exploration, we usually imagine rockets, satellites,
47
and distant planets, but some of the most fascinating discoveries happen much closer to home.
48
That's where today's sponsor, Radiocode, comes in.
49
Radiocode is a modern portable radiation detector and spectrometer that lets you explore and visualize something that's all around us,
50
but completely invisible, radiation.
51
What makes it especially impressive is that it can measure radiation up to 40 times faster than traditional Geiger counters,
52
while also helping identify specific isotopes through detailed radiation spectra.
53
It connects to free iOS and Android apps that unlock advanced features like search mode, detailed accumulated dose, spectrum analysis,
54
spectrograms, and even interactive color-coded radiation tracks that show you what you've discovered along the way.
55
Whether you're exploring cities, museums, forests, old mining sites, abandoned locations, or simply running your own experiments,
56
Radiacode gives you a completely different way to see the world around you.
57
They also offer a wide range of practical accessories, making it easy to customize your setup for whatever kind of exploration interests you most.
58
Get 5% off all Radiocode devices and accessories by using code SPACE2026 at checkout.
59
Just head to radiocode.com or use the link in the description to learn more and start exploring the invisible world around you.
60
This is one of the biggest problems with our current understanding of gravity.
61
If mass attracts other mass, even over incredibly long distances, then in theory, all of the mass in the universe should be pulling itself together.
62
But instead, we've seen evidence that the universe actually does the opposite.
63
It expands.
64
And more recently, we've noticed that the speed of that expansion appears to be accelerating, which would mean that dark energy is not only an opposite to gravity,
65
but it's actually a more powerful force
66
that is able to push objects away from each other faster than gravity can pull them together.
67
Now, in the same way that gravity is powered by mass, dark energy appears to be powered by emptiness, which is pretty weird.
68
And the smartest people on Earth are still trying to figure out how that works.
69
But we know that the result looks like this.
70
If two massive objects are close together, like the Milky Way and Andromeda, then gravity will pull them closer.
71
But if two objects are very far away, like the galaxies on the other side of our big hole, then regardless of their mass, dark energy will push them apart.
72
And the crazy thing is that this all started with the Big Bang itself, which seems like an impossible thing to be able to know.
73
But we can actually show you a picture of the universe from 13.8 billion years ago.
74
That's about 400,000 years after the Big Bang.
75
We call this picture the Cosmic Microwave Background, or CMB.
76
It's the oldest light that we're able to detect, so old and faint that it's fallen down out of the visible spectrum of the human eye.
77
It's even below infrared, all the way down to microwaves of light.
78
Now, the Big Bang was not yellow and blue.
79
It wasn't an oval either.
80
Like a map of the world, this is a two-dimensional representation of a 3D image, and the colors were added to show differences in temperature.
81
Red for hot spots, blue for cold, which also correspond to areas of higher density and lower density.
82
One of the most interesting parts of the CMB image is down here in the lower right.
83
This is known as the cold spot.
84
It doesn't look like much just because of where it lands on the 2D projection,
85
but it is a massive region of space where light from the Big Bang is significantly colder than the average temperature.
86
What really makes this spot stand out, though, is the fact that it is surrounded by areas that are hotter than average.
87
So there's a massive contrast in this one location, like falling off a mountain cliff into a deep valley.
88
No one is sure how that happened, but theories run from a supervoid of deep nothingness to a bruise or imprint from the bubble of our universe
89
colliding with a parallel universe in the distant past.
90
But what it does tell us for sure is that from the very moment of creation, there have been powerful cosmic forces at work.
91
And that's how we end up with a universe that is not just one consistent blanket of stars.
92
This web structure is shaped by pockets of dark energy
93
that expand into voids and concentrations of gravity that pull galaxies into long strands.
94
This means that there is a natural opposite to the void.
95
That's what we call an attractor, and this is ultimately where we are headed.
96
So the good news is that the Milky Way, or the inevitably fused Milky Way-Andromeda Triangulum, will not be stranded in the middle of this hole forever.
97
We are being pulled.
98
The mass of the galaxies outside the hole is large enough and close enough to be drawing us out with their gravity.
99
But even those are being drawn towards an even greater force in the universe.
100
In fact, every galaxy in our general area of space, whether they're inside the hole or outside the hole,
101
is being reeled in like a fish on a line towards one singular point in space.
102
This is the Great Attractor.
103
As with most things in deep space, we're not exactly sure what the source of this attraction actually is,
104
but we can say that there is some kind of gravitational anomaly located right around here, on the edge of our giant hole.
105
For it to be creating enough gravity to power this flow of galaxies, it would need to have a concentration of mass about 10 quintillion times greater than the Sun.
106
That is 10 million billion suns.
107
The problem with the Great Attractor is that even though it is humongous, we can't see it from our location on Earth,
108
and that's because our own galaxy is in the way.
109
From our point of view, the dense core of the Milky Way covers about one-fifth of the visible universe, making it very difficult to see what's on the other side.
110
We call this the zone of avoidance, and that is where the great attractor lies.
111
This one probably is a coincidence, but it's still kind of spooky,
112
and it turns out that this contrast between voids and attractors is responsible for creating the shape of our known universe.
113
Now when we pull back and look at the bigger picture, we see that the universe is actually full of holes, kind of like a sponge or swiss cheese,
114
with the most infamous of these voids being this one right here, the Boötes void, also known as the Great Nothing,
115
and this is where we start to find some perspective on our own place in the cosmos.
116
At 400 million light-years across, Boötes is not the biggest hole in the universe, but it is the deepest and darkest.
117
Going by the average density, a region of space this size should probably contain about 2,000 galaxies.
118
Instead, the Boötes void is home to just 60.
119
That is some empty space.
120
And when we start to compare that against our own local hole, which is named the KBC void, we start to notice something.
121
Our hole isn't anywhere near as dark.
122
So what's the deal with that?
123
Well, as with most things in science, this is all about relativity.
124
The KBC void is much larger than Boötes, but it's not nearly as empty.
125
Our local hole contains the Milky Way and our local group of galaxies, and it also contains most of the Laniakea supercluster,
126
which is this massive structure made from hundreds of thousands of galaxies.
127
So our void is actually better described as an under-dense region of space.
128
And depending on where you are inside the void, there is going to be somewhere between 20 and 80% less density than the cosmic average.
129
So it's not empty, but it's not full either, meaning that we're not as isolated as you might think.
130
Instead of being stranded in the middle of a cosmic desert, we're in more of a galactic suburb.
131
And that can really help us to understand our place in the universe.
132
Maybe we're not alone.
133
It's just that all of the aliens are partying at the Great Attractor, and we're stuck out here at the end of a very long line waiting to get in.
134
Or it could be the opposite, and life just tends to thrive in the suburbs.
135
Think about it.
136
Cities are fun to be in, but they're also dangerous.
137
People get murdered, they get hit by cars, stuff falls on them.
138
The same goes for these dense galactic clusters.
139
They are going to be loaded with radiation, supernovas, interstellar objects ripping around and smashing into things.
140
It could be that the middle of nowhere is actually the center of life as we know it.
141
Which would mean that these aren't voids, they are just islands of civilization.
142
Now if you want to get really weird, there's no better place to go than the edge of the universe itself.
143
We can begin that journey by clicking the box on screen right now.
📺 Cùng kênh
B24
How Reusable Rockets Work
University StudentsWorking Adults
B22
Saturn Is The Scariest Planet In Our Solar System
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B21
Apollo 11 Wasn't Alone on the Moon...
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
What NASA Found on Io
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
Inside The SpaceX Starfactory
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
✨ Video gợi ý
C16
74 câu
Black Holes Explained – From Birth to Death
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
47 câu
We Found Galaxies Too Old for the Universe
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C163
66 câu
What science can’t answer, according to physicist Jim Al-Khalili | Big Think
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
68 câu
Why Earth Is A Prison and How To Escape It
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C16
73 câu
Superfluid Dark Matter
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
114 câu
There's a Giant Hole In Earth's History
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
132 câu
UNANSWERED QUESTIONS | Advanced English Listening Podcasts | B2-C1 English
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C16
224 câu
Why Does Time Stop at the SPEED OF LIGHT? Feynman's Mind-Blowing Truth
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
246 câu
You Are Alive to Watch the Space Station Fall From the Sky
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C16
104 câu
How real are the real numbers, really?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C14
135 câu
String Theory
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Bài luyện nói trình độ C1 này dựa trên video “You Live Inside a Cosmic Hole... And there's a problem”. Những từ được nhắc lại nhiều nhất trong bài: universe, gravity, hole, void, galaxies. Video này có 143 câu và 2225 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 12:48. Người nói nói với tốc độ tự nhiên, khoảng 174 từ mỗi phút, gần với hội thoại hằng ngày. 84% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất; phần còn lại nên xem trước khi luyện.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ khó nhất trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| cosmic tính từ | /ˈkɑz.mɪk/ | vũ trụ |
| dense tính từ | /ˈdɛns/ | đặc, dày đặc |
| cosmos danh từ | /ˈkɑzməs/ | vũ trụ |
| accessory danh từ | /əkˈsɛs.(ə.)ɹi/ | phụ kiện đính kèm |
| spiral danh từ | /ˈspaɪɹəl/ | xoắn ốc |
| oppose động từ | /əˈpoʊz/ | chống đối |
| blanket danh từ | /ˈblæŋ.kɪt/ | mền, chăn |
| invisible tính từ | /ɪnˈvɪzəb(ə)l/ | vô hình, tàng hình |
| anomaly danh từ | /əˈnɑ.mə.li/ | sự bất thường |
| collide động từ | /kəˈlaɪd/ | đụng nhau |
| isotope danh từ | /ˈaɪ.sə.toʊp/ | đồng vị |
| neuron danh từ | /ˈn(j)ʊɹɑn/ | tế bào thần kinh, nơ-ron |
| supernova danh từ | /ˌsuː.pə(ɹ)ˈnəʊ.və/ | siêu tân tinh |
| sponge danh từ | /spʌnd͡ʒ/ | bọt biển |
| astronaut danh từ | /ˈæstɹəˌnɔt/ | nhà du hành vũ trụ, phi hành gia |
Những câu đáng luyện lại
Các câu ngắn, trọn ý trong video mà bạn có thể dùng lại khi giao tiếp hằng ngày:
- That's what keeps it close to us.
- It's stuck in the hole with us.
- Were we rejected by the other galaxies?
- Are we the misfits of the cosmos?
- Our hole isn't anywhere near as dark.
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm | are still caught · being pulled · is powered |
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại | you've discovered · we've seen · we've noticed |
| Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật | brain, which is · emptiness, which is · hole, which is |
Phát âm cần chú ý
Người nói dùng 20 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ we're, they're, we've. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: dimensional /daɪˈmɛn.ʃə.nəl/, gravitational /ˌɡɹævɪˈteɪʃənəl/, visualize /ˈvɪʒuəˌlaɪz/, projection /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/, collision /kəˈlɪʒn̩/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: accessory /əkˈsɛs.(ə.)ɹi/, coincidence /kəʊˈɪnsɪdəns/, dimensional /daɪˈmɛn.ʃə.nəl/, invisible /ɪnˈvɪzəb(ə)l/, accumulate /əˈkjuːmjʊˌleɪt/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Bắt đầu ở tốc độ 0,75×, nói đuổi từng câu, rồi quay lại tốc độ bình thường khi đã quen.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như cosmic, dense, cosmos.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.