跟讀練習: Brian Chesky on the Best Startup Advice He Ever Got - 通過影片學習英語口語
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30 句
如果句子過短或過長，請點選 Edit 進行調整。
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The most important piece of advice I ever got.
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The first day Y Combinator, Paul Graham said, it's better to have 100 people love you than a million people sort of like you.
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And that came from Paul Buchheit.
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Paul Buchheit was a partner of Y Combinator.
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He created Gmail.
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And I think that the old famous story was he created Gmail and it took him two years.
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And they said, you can't ship it until 100 people inside of Google loved it.
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And it actually took like two years to get 100 people to actually like the product.
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But once 100 people like something, 100 million people like it.
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And so the problem is you try to make something a million people like, you can't talk to a million people.
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And so you end up like with this shallow swimming pool.
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It's like you're trying to heat up an ocean.
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And the ocean just, it takes too long to heat up and you can't tell.
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Instead of heating up an ocean, heat up a bathtub.
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And like just make the problem as small as possible.
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And you're close to the customer.
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In fact, if you only are focused on one city or even a subset of city, you can talk to every person.
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You can put all these resources on a tiny problem, and I guarantee you, take a ton of resources you put on a tiny problem,
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the smaller the problem, the more you'll change the numbers, the trajectory.
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That will teach you lessons.
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In other words, you do things that don't scale, then you scale.
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The scaling is industrialization.
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But product market fit is a distinct problem from industrialization.
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You want to basically make the problem as small as possible, understand the user, put yourself in their shoes,
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blow their mind, do things you've never thought before, do Do them by hand.
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Make them unscalable.
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Don't worry how much it costs.
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Just prove the model.
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Before you manufacture something, you prototype.
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You make prototype after prototype after prototype until you make something that you love for yourself or someone loves.
FOR YOU
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節口語課以影片“Brian Chesky on the Best Startup Advice He Ever Got”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：prototype, ocean, heat, Paul。 這段影片共有 30 個句子、348 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 1:36。 說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 217 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。 88% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙容易理解。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 12 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| prototype 名詞 | /ˈpɹəʊtətaɪp/ | 原型, 雛形 |
| resource 名詞 | /ɹɪˈzɔːs/ | 資源 /資源 |
| lesson 名詞 | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | 課業 /課業, -課 /-課 |
| guarantee 名詞 | /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/ | 保證 /保證 |
| distinct 形容詞 | /dɪˈstɪŋkt/ | 明顯 /明顯, 清晰 |
| shoe 名詞 | /ˈʃu/ | 鞋子, 鞋 |
| swim 動詞 | /swɪm/ | 游泳 |
| shallow 形容詞 | /ˈʃæloʊ/ | 淺 /淺 |
| trajectory 名詞 | /tɹəˈd͡ʒɛktəɹi/ | 軌道 /軌道, 彈道 /彈道 |
| subset 名詞 | /ˈsʌbˌsɛt/ | 子集 |
| industrialization 名詞 | /ɪnˌdʌstɹɪəlɪˈzeɪʃən/ | 工業化 /工業化, 產業化 /產業化 |
| bathtub 名詞 | /ˈbæθtʌb/ | 浴缸, 浴盆 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 釋義 |
|---|---|
| heat up 動詞 | 加熱 /加熱 |
| end up 動詞 | 到達 |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 9 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 can't, don't, you're。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: shoe /ˈʃu/, shallow /ˈʃæloʊ/, industrialization /ɪnˌdʌstɹɪəlɪˈzeɪʃən/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: trajectory /tɹəˈd͡ʒɛktəɹi/, industrialization /ɪnˌdʌstɹɪəlɪˈzeɪʃən/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: prototype /ˈpɹəʊtətaɪp/, resource /ɹɪˈzɔːs/, distinct /dɪˈstɪŋkt/, subset /ˈsʌbˌsɛt/, bathtub /ˈbæθtʌb/
- /æ/ — 嘴張大，不要讀成 /e/: guarantee /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/, shallow /ˈʃæloʊ/, bathtub /ˈbæθtʌb/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 prototype, resource, lesson 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。