跟讀練習: Developing a Growth Mindset with Carol Dweck - 通過影片學習英語口語

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Thank you. Today I want to tell you about the power of "yet." I learned in High School in Chicago where students had to pass eighty four unity to graduate and if they didn't pass they got the grade "not yet." I thought, isn't that wonderful?

Because if you fail you're nowhere but if you get the grade "not yet" you're on a learning curve.

"Not yet" gave them a path into the future.

And "not yet" also helped me understand a critical experience early in my career.

To figure out how kids cope with challenge, I gave ten year olds some problems that were a little too difficult for them.

Some of them reacted in a shockingly positive way.

They said things like, "I love a challenge!" or "I was hoping this would be informative!" They understood that their abilities could grow through their hard work.

They had what I would call a "growth mindset." But for other children it was tragic, catastrophic from their more fixed mindset perspective their core intelligence had been tested and devastated.

Instead of the power of "yet" they were gripped by the "tyranny of now." So what did they do next?

In one study, after a failure on a test, they said they'd cheat next time instead of study more.

In another study they found someone who did worse than they did so they could feel better.

And in many studies we found they run from difficulty.

Let's look at how that looks in the brain.

Moser and his colleagues measured from the brain as kids encountered errors.

Processing the error shows up in red.

If you look at the fixed mindset brain on the left nothing is happening.

But if you look at the growth mind-set on the right it's on fire with "yet!" They're processing the error deeply learning from it and correcting it.

So, how are we raising our kids?

Are we raising them for a growth now or for "yet?" Are they focused on the next "A" or test score instead of dreaming big?

Instead of thinking about what they want to be and how they want to contribute to society?

And if they are too focused on "A's" and test scores, are they going to carry this with them into the future?

Maybe. Because many employers are coming to me and saying, "we've already created a generation of young workers who can't get through the day without a reward." So, what can we do?

How can we build that bridge to "yet?" First, we can praise wisely.

Our research shows that when we praise kids for the process they engage in for their hard work, their strategies, their focus, their perseverance - they learn that challenge seeking.

They learn that resilience.

Praising talent, praising intelligence makes them vulnerable.

There are other ways of rewarding "yet." We teamed up with game scientist at the University of Washington to create a math game: Brain points.

The typical math game rewards right answers, right now.

But not Brain Points.

We rewarded process and the learning curve so effort, strategy and progress.

The Brain Points game created more sustained learning and perseverance than the standard game.

And just the words "yet" and "not yet" after a student has a set back we're finding creates greater confidence and greater persistence.

We also can change students mind-sets directly.

In one study, we taught students that every time they pushed out of their comfort zone to learn something really really hard and they stuck to it the neurons in their brain could form new, stronger connections and over time they could become smarter.

Those who learned this lesson showed a sharp increase in their grades.

Those who did not showed a decrease.

We have done this with thousands of students now across the country with similar results.

Especially for struggling students.

So let's talk about equality.

In our country there are groups of kids who chronically show poor performance and many people think that's inevitable.

But when educators create growth mind-set environments steeped in "yet" equality can happen".

Let me give you a few small examples.

One teacher took her Harlem kindergarten class, many of whom could not hold a pencil for the first month, threw daily tantrums, she took them to the 95th percentile on the National Achievement Test.

That same teacher took a fourth grade class in the South Bronx - way behind - she took them to the top of New York State on the state math test.

That teacher is a Stanford grad and she's here today.

And another Stanford grad, Phd student, now a professor, went back to her Native American reservation in the state of Washington.

She transformed the elementary school in terms of a growth mind-set.

That school had always been at the bottom of the district - at the bottom of the state!

Within a year to a year and a half, the kindergarteners and first graders were at the top of the district in reading and reading-readiness.

That district contained affluent sections of Seattle so the reservation kids outdid the Microsoft kids.

And they did it because learning a growth mindset transformed the meaning of effort and difficulty.

It used to mean they were dumb and now it means they have a chance to get smarter.

Difficulty just meant "not yet." Last year I got a letter from a thirteen year old boy.

He said, "Dear Professor Dweck, I read your book.

I liked the fact that it was based on sound scientific research.

That's why I decided to test out your growth mindset principles in three areas of my life.

As a result, I'm earning higher grades, I have a better relationship with my parents, I have a better relationship with the other kids at school.

I realize I've wasted most of my life." Let's not waste any more lives because the more we know that basic human abilities can be grown, the more it becomes a basic human right for kids - all kids, all adults - to live in environments that create that growth.

To live in environments filled - overflowing - with "yet." Thank you.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這段影片共有 59 個句子、1030 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 9:25。說話人語速較慢，每分鐘約 109 個詞，你有足夠的時間模仿每一個音。 83% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
mindset 名詞	/ˈmaɪn(d)ˌsɛt/	心態 /心態, 思維模式 /思維模式
reward 名詞	/ɹɪˈwɔɹd/	報酬 /報酬, 獎勵 /獎勵
praise 動詞	/pɹeɪz/	讚揚 /讚揚, 稱讚 /稱讚
difficulty 名詞	/ˈdɪfɪkəlti/	困難 /困難
mathematics 名詞	/mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/	數學 /數學, 算學 /算學
equality 名詞	/ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ti/	平等, 均等
curve 名詞	/kɚv/	彎子 /彎子
transform 動詞	/tɹænsˈfɔɹm/	變換 /變換, 變形 /變形
reservation 名詞	/ˌɹɛz.ɚˈveɪ.ʃən/	保留
earn 動詞	/ɝn/	掙 /掙, 賺 /賺
sharp 形容詞	/ʃɑɹp/	銳利 /銳利, 尖銳 /尖銳
lesson 名詞	/ˈlɛs.ən/	課業 /課業, -課 /-課
deeply 副詞	/ˈdi(ː)pli/	深, 深深
worker 名詞	/ˈwɝ.kɚ/	工人, 工作者
comfort 名詞	/ˈkʌm.fət/	舒適 /舒適

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	發音	釋義
figure out 動詞		弄清楚
get through 動詞	/ɡɛt ˈθɹu/	度過 /度過

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 11 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 you're, can't, didn't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“th” 音: mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, thirteen /ˌθɝtˈtin/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: reservation /ˌɹɛz.ɚˈveɪ.ʃən/, sharp /ʃɑɹp/
長單詞——注意重音位置: difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, equality /ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ti/, reservation /ˌɹɛz.ɚˈveɪ.ʃən/, elementary /ˌɛləˈmɛntəɹi/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 mindset, reward, praise 這類單詞。

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	had been tested · were gripped · was based
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物	someone who did · Those who learned · Those who did
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	we've already created · have done · I've wasted

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Developing a Growth Mindset with Carol Dweck - 通過影片學習英語口語

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