Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: Developing a Growth Mindset with Carol Dweck

Thank you. Today I want to tell you about the power of "yet." I learned in High School in Chicago where students had to pass eighty four unity to graduate and if they didn't pass they got the grade "not yet." I thought, isn't that wonderful?

Because if you fail you're nowhere but if you get the grade "not yet" you're on a learning curve.

"Not yet" gave them a path into the future.

And "not yet" also helped me understand a critical experience early in my career.

To figure out how kids cope with challenge, I gave ten year olds some problems that were a little too difficult for them.

Some of them reacted in a shockingly positive way.

They said things like, "I love a challenge!" or "I was hoping this would be informative!" They understood that their abilities could grow through their hard work.

They had what I would call a "growth mindset." But for other children it was tragic, catastrophic from their more fixed mindset perspective their core intelligence had been tested and devastated.

Instead of the power of "yet" they were gripped by the "tyranny of now." So what did they do next?

In one study, after a failure on a test, they said they'd cheat next time instead of study more.

In another study they found someone who did worse than they did so they could feel better.

And in many studies we found they run from difficulty.

Let's look at how that looks in the brain.

Moser and his colleagues measured from the brain as kids encountered errors.

Processing the error shows up in red.

If you look at the fixed mindset brain on the left nothing is happening.

But if you look at the growth mind-set on the right it's on fire with "yet!" They're processing the error deeply learning from it and correcting it.

So, how are we raising our kids?

Are we raising them for a growth now or for "yet?" Are they focused on the next "A" or test score instead of dreaming big?

Instead of thinking about what they want to be and how they want to contribute to society?

And if they are too focused on "A's" and test scores, are they going to carry this with them into the future?

Maybe. Because many employers are coming to me and saying, "we've already created a generation of young workers who can't get through the day without a reward." So, what can we do?

How can we build that bridge to "yet?" First, we can praise wisely.

Our research shows that when we praise kids for the process they engage in for their hard work, their strategies, their focus, their perseverance - they learn that challenge seeking.

They learn that resilience.

Praising talent, praising intelligence makes them vulnerable.

There are other ways of rewarding "yet." We teamed up with game scientist at the University of Washington to create a math game: Brain points.

The typical math game rewards right answers, right now.

But not Brain Points.

We rewarded process and the learning curve so effort, strategy and progress.

The Brain Points game created more sustained learning and perseverance than the standard game.

And just the words "yet" and "not yet" after a student has a set back we're finding creates greater confidence and greater persistence.

We also can change students mind-sets directly.

In one study, we taught students that every time they pushed out of their comfort zone to learn something really really hard and they stuck to it the neurons in their brain could form new, stronger connections and over time they could become smarter.

Those who learned this lesson showed a sharp increase in their grades.

Those who did not showed a decrease.

We have done this with thousands of students now across the country with similar results.

Especially for struggling students.

So let's talk about equality.

In our country there are groups of kids who chronically show poor performance and many people think that's inevitable.

But when educators create growth mind-set environments steeped in "yet" equality can happen".

Let me give you a few small examples.

One teacher took her Harlem kindergarten class, many of whom could not hold a pencil for the first month, threw daily tantrums, she took them to the 95th percentile on the National Achievement Test.

That same teacher took a fourth grade class in the South Bronx - way behind - she took them to the top of New York State on the state math test.

That teacher is a Stanford grad and she's here today.

And another Stanford grad, Phd student, now a professor, went back to her Native American reservation in the state of Washington.

She transformed the elementary school in terms of a growth mind-set.

That school had always been at the bottom of the district - at the bottom of the state!

Within a year to a year and a half, the kindergarteners and first graders were at the top of the district in reading and reading-readiness.

That district contained affluent sections of Seattle so the reservation kids outdid the Microsoft kids.

And they did it because learning a growth mindset transformed the meaning of effort and difficulty.

It used to mean they were dumb and now it means they have a chance to get smarter.

Difficulty just meant "not yet." Last year I got a letter from a thirteen year old boy.

He said, "Dear Professor Dweck, I read your book.

I liked the fact that it was based on sound scientific research.

That's why I decided to test out your growth mindset principles in three areas of my life.

As a result, I'm earning higher grades, I have a better relationship with my parents, I have a better relationship with the other kids at school.

I realize I've wasted most of my life." Let's not waste any more lives because the more we know that basic human abilities can be grown, the more it becomes a basic human right for kids - all kids, all adults - to live in environments that create that growth.

To live in environments filled - overflowing - with "yet." Thank you.

📺 Cùng kênh

Think Faster, Talk Smarter with Matt Abrahams

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✨ Video gợi ý

51 câu

Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này

Video này có 59 câu và 1030 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 9:25. Người nói nói chậm, khoảng 109 từ mỗi phút, đủ thời gian để bạn bắt chước từng âm. 83% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất; phần còn lại nên xem trước khi luyện.

Từ vựng quan trọng trong video

15 từ đáng học trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:

Từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa
mindset danh từ	/ˈmaɪn(d)ˌsɛt/	tư duy, tư tưởng
reward danh từ	/ɹɪˈwɔɹd/	tặng thưởng, thưởng
praise động từ	/pɹeɪz/	khen ngợi
mathematics danh từ	/mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/	toán học
equality danh từ	/ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ti/	sự bình đẳng
curve danh từ	/kɚv/	khúc quanh
earn động từ	/ɝn/	kiếm
sharp tính từ	/ʃɑɹp/	sắc, bén
lesson danh từ	/ˈlɛs.ən/	bài, bài học
worker danh từ	/ˈwɝ.kɚ/	công nhân
contribute động từ	/kənˈtɹɪb.jut/	đóng góp
principle danh từ	/ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/	nguyên lí, nguyên tắc
encounter động từ	/ɪnˈkaʊntɚ/	bắt gặp
employer danh từ	/ɪmˈplɔɪə/	chủ, cai thầu
scientist danh từ	/ˈsaɪəntəst/	nhà khoa học, khoa học gia

Phát âm cần chú ý

Người nói dùng 11 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ you're, can't, didn't. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.

Âm “th”: mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, thirteen /ˌθɝtˈtin/
Âm “sh” và “zh”: reservation /ˌɹɛz.ɚˈveɪ.ʃən/, sharp /ʃɑɹp/
Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, equality /ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ti/, reservation /ˌɹɛz.ɚˈveɪ.ʃən/, elementary /ˌɛləˈmɛntəɹi/

Cách luyện với video này

Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
Nói đuổi từng câu ở tốc độ bình thường, lặp lại mỗi câu đến khi nhịp của bạn khớp với người nói.
Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như mindset, reward, praise.

Ngữ pháp trong video

Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:

Cấu trúc	Trong video
Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm	had been tested · were gripped · was based
Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật	someone who did · Those who learned · Those who did
Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại	we've already created · have done · I've wasted

Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?

Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.

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