Shadowing Practice: Developing a Growth Mindset with Carol Dweck - Learn English Speaking with Video
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59 משפטים
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Thank you. Today I want to tell you about the power of "yet." I learned in High School in Chicago where students had to pass eighty four unity to graduate and if they didn't pass they got the grade "not yet." I thought, isn't that wonderful?
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Because if you fail you're nowhere but if you get the grade "not yet" you're on a learning curve.
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"Not yet" gave them a path into the future.
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And "not yet" also helped me understand a critical experience early in my career.
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To figure out how kids cope with challenge, I gave ten year olds some problems that were a little too difficult for them.
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Some of them reacted in a shockingly positive way.
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They said things like, "I love a challenge!" or "I was hoping this would be informative!" They understood that their abilities could grow through their hard work.
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They had what I would call a "growth mindset." But for other children it was tragic, catastrophic from their more fixed mindset perspective their core intelligence had been tested and devastated.
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Instead of the power of "yet" they were gripped by the "tyranny of now." So what did they do next?
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In one study, after a failure on a test, they said they'd cheat next time instead of study more.
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In another study they found someone who did worse than they did so they could feel better.
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And in many studies we found they run from difficulty.
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Let's look at how that looks in the brain.
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Moser and his colleagues measured from the brain as kids encountered errors.
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Processing the error shows up in red.
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If you look at the fixed mindset brain on the left nothing is happening.
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But if you look at the growth mind-set on the right it's on fire with "yet!" They're processing the error deeply learning from it and correcting it.
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So, how are we raising our kids?
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Are we raising them for a growth now or for "yet?" Are they focused on the next "A" or test score instead of dreaming big?
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Instead of thinking about what they want to be and how they want to contribute to society?
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And if they are too focused on "A's" and test scores, are they going to carry this with them into the future?
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Maybe. Because many employers are coming to me and saying, "we've already created a generation of young workers who can't get through the day without a reward." So, what can we do?
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How can we build that bridge to "yet?" First, we can praise wisely.
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Our research shows that when we praise kids for the process they engage in for their hard work, their strategies, their focus, their perseverance - they learn that challenge seeking.
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They learn that resilience.
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Praising talent, praising intelligence makes them vulnerable.
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There are other ways of rewarding "yet." We teamed up with game scientist at the University of Washington to create a math game: Brain points.
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The typical math game rewards right answers, right now.
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But not Brain Points.
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We rewarded process and the learning curve so effort, strategy and progress.
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The Brain Points game created more sustained learning and perseverance than the standard game.
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And just the words "yet" and "not yet" after a student has a set back we're finding creates greater confidence and greater persistence.
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We also can change students mind-sets directly.
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In one study, we taught students that every time they pushed out of their comfort zone to learn something really really hard and they stuck to it the neurons in their brain could form new, stronger connections and over time they could become smarter.
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Those who learned this lesson showed a sharp increase in their grades.
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Those who did not showed a decrease.
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We have done this with thousands of students now across the country with similar results.
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Especially for struggling students.
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So let's talk about equality.
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In our country there are groups of kids who chronically show poor performance and many people think that's inevitable.
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But when educators create growth mind-set environments steeped in "yet" equality can happen".
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Let me give you a few small examples.
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One teacher took her Harlem kindergarten class, many of whom could not hold a pencil for the first month, threw daily tantrums, she took them to the 95th percentile on the National Achievement Test.
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That same teacher took a fourth grade class in the South Bronx - way behind - she took them to the top of New York State on the state math test.
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That teacher is a Stanford grad and she's here today.
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And another Stanford grad, Phd student, now a professor, went back to her Native American reservation in the state of Washington.
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She transformed the elementary school in terms of a growth mind-set.
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That school had always been at the bottom of the district - at the bottom of the state!
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Within a year to a year and a half, the kindergarteners and first graders were at the top of the district in reading and reading-readiness.
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That district contained affluent sections of Seattle so the reservation kids outdid the Microsoft kids.
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And they did it because learning a growth mindset transformed the meaning of effort and difficulty.
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It used to mean they were dumb and now it means they have a chance to get smarter.
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Difficulty just meant "not yet." Last year I got a letter from a thirteen year old boy.
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He said, "Dear Professor Dweck, I read your book.
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I liked the fact that it was based on sound scientific research.
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That's why I decided to test out your growth mindset principles in three areas of my life.
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As a result, I'm earning higher grades, I have a better relationship with my parents, I have a better relationship with the other kids at school.
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I realize I've wasted most of my life." Let's not waste any more lives because the more we know that basic human abilities can be grown, the more it becomes a basic human right for kids - all kids, all adults - to live in environments that create that growth.
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To live in environments filled - overflowing - with "yet." Thank you.
הורד אפליקציה
כל מה שאתה צריך כדי לדבר בשטף
הגיית AIציון לכל משפט
תרגול IPAשלוט בכל צליל
אוצר מיליםבנה את מאגר המילים שלך
משחק אוצר מיליםלמד תוך כדי משחק
אותו ערוץ
FOR YOU
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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson
This video has 59 sentences and 1030 words to shadow. The speech runs for 9:25. The speaker talks slowly, about 109 words per minute, so there is time to copy every sound. 83% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English; the rest is worth studying before you start.
Key vocabulary in this video
15 words from the video worth learning, with pronunciation and meaning:
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| mindset noun | /ˈmaɪn(d)ˌsɛt/ | A way of thinking; an attitude or opinion, especially a habitual one. |
| reward noun | /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/ | Something of value given in return for an act. |
| praise verb | /pɹeɪz/ | To give praise to; to commend, glorify, or worship. |
| difficulty noun | /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/ | The state of being difficult, or hard to do. |
| mathematics noun | /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/ | An abstract representational system studying numbers, shapes, structures, quantitative change and relationships between them. |
| equality noun | /ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ti/ | The fact of being equal. |
| curve noun | /kɚv/ | A bend, such as in a road. |
| transform verb | /tɹænsˈfɔɹm/ | To change greatly the appearance or form of. |
| reservation noun | /ˌɹɛz.ɚˈveɪ.ʃən/ | The act of reserving, withholding or keeping back. |
| earn verb | /ɝn/ | To gain (success, reward, recognition) through applied effort or work. |
| sharp adjective | /ʃɑɹp/ | Terminating in a point or edge, especially one that can cut or pierce easily; not dull, obtuse, or rounded. |
| lesson noun | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | A section of learning or teaching into which a wider learning content is divided. |
| deeply adverb | /ˈdi(ː)pli/ | To a deep extent or degree; very greatly. |
| worker noun | /ˈwɝ.kɚ/ | One who works: a person who performs labor for a living; traditionally, especially, manual labor. |
| comfort noun | /ˈkʌm.fət/ | Contentment, ease. |
Phrasal verbs you will hear
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| figure out verb | To come to understand; to discover or find a solution; to deduce. | |
| get through verb | /ɡɛt ˈθɹu/ | To overcome; to endure. |
| go back to verb | To stem from; to originate in. | |
| set back verb | To delay or obstruct. | |
| team up with verb | To associate with another in a joint enterprise. |
Pronunciation to watch
The speaker uses 11 contractions and reduced forms, such as you're, can't, didn't. Say them the short way, as you hear them.
- The “th” sounds: mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, thirteen /ˌθɝtˈtin/
- The “sh” and “zh” sounds: reservation /ˌɹɛz.ɚˈveɪ.ʃən/, sharp /ʃɑɹp/
- Long words — get the stress right: difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, equality /ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ti/, reservation /ˌɹɛz.ɚˈveɪ.ʃən/, elementary /ˌɛləˈmɛntəɹi/
How to practise with this video
- Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
- Shadow it sentence by sentence at normal speed, repeating each one until your rhythm matches the speaker.
- Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like mindset, reward, praise.
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | had been tested · were gripped · was based |
| משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דבר | someone who did · Those who learned · Those who did |
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | we've already created · have done · I've wasted |
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.