跟讀練習: Formula 1 Beginner's Guide - The Basics - 通過影片學習英語口語
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Welcome to the complete beginner's guide to Formula 1, which I've compressed down into different videos.
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This video is all about the basics, so let's get started.
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Formula 1 is the pinnacle of motorsport, where drivers and teams compete for top honours across a long and grueling season.
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Currently, there are 10 teams competing in Formula 1, but that number can increase.
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Each team has two drivers, and while these two drivers earn points for the team in the race to be the Constructors' Champion,
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they are also competing against each other and all the other drivers for the real glory, the Drivers' Championship.
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F1 has strict regulations put in place by the governing body, the FIA.
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These regulations tell each team exactly what they can and can't do when it comes to designing their cars.
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But what's important is that each car is different.
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Sure, some cars may look similar in areas and the overall shapes might be similar, but each team has to design their own car with their
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own team of professionals working behind the scenes to get the most out of each part.
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The current season of Formula 1 has 23 races, but this number can go up and down.
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New races are added and other tracks are removed from the calendar when contracts expire.
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Race locations range from Britain, Japan, Bahrain and F1 is even racing in Las Vegas this year.
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Each race weekend has multiple race sessions.
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Friday has two one-hour practice sessions.
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These two hours are for the drivers to get up to speed with the track
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and make any changes they need to to the car.
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Then on Saturday, you have the third and final practice session, which is done a couple of hours before qualifying, which takes place later that day.
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During the practice sessions, drivers can change anything they want on the car, providing, of course, it's legal.
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They can change suspension, tyre angles, front wings, rear wings but once you go out for qualifying, you enter Park Fermi.
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And that means the parts that are on your car are the ones you will take into qualifying and the race.
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You're only able to change a few small things including wing angles.
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Qualifying is split into three parts, Q1, Q2 and Q3.
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Q1 lasts for 18 minutes and the slowest five drivers are knocked out of qualifying
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and they will start 16th to 20th based on their fastest lap times.
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Then Q2 takes the 15 fastest drivers from Q1 and after 15 minutes another five drivers are eliminated
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again with their starting positions based on their fastest time from the session.
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Q3 is then a top 10 shootout between the fastest 10
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drivers to form the top 10 of the grid for the main event which is the race on Sunday afternoon.
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Every race has a different amount of laps depending on the
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track's distance with the minimum distance required to be 305 kilometers except for Monaco which gets a pass to run less.
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Every driver can choose what tyre they start the race with with three to choose from.
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I'll explain tyres in more detail in a minute, so don't worry.
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The tyres are labelled as soft, medium and hard.
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Soft tyres have a red stripe, medium's a yellow stripe and the hard tyres have a white stripe.
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The softer the tyre, the fastest lap time it will be able to produce, offering up the most grip.
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But the reality is, they won't last as long.
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The hard tyres are the opposite.
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Less initial grip and therefore slower lap times, but they will last a lot longer.
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During the race, every driver must use two different tyre compounds.
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This means that if you start the race on the soft tyre, you have to switch to either the medium or the hard during the race.
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You can stop as many times as you want though and switch to different compounds.
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The only rule is that you have to use at least two.
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The only exception to this rule being if the race starts or becomes a wet race.
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Speaking of wet tyres, there are two of those.
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The Intermediate is the most versatile wet weather tyre, used for wet weather but with limited standing water.
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They have a green stripe.
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Then the blue mag full wet tires are used for heavy rain with a lot of standing water.
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Although more often than not if there's heavy rain the cars don't tend to run anyway
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so these tires don't get used all that often.
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Pirelli have six tire compounds that they use for Formula One.
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These are C0, C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5.
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C0 is the hardest tire so like I said before these offer less ultimate grip but they offer more durability.
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C5 is the softest tyre available so it will give the best performance, but it's not going to last very long.
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Before races, Pirelli choose which three of the available six tyres they want to bring to a race weekend.
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They do this based on the characteristics of the track and even how abrasive the circuit is.
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These three chosen tyres then fit into the category of soft, medium and hard depending on where they fit in the scale, so it's easier to follow during the the race weekend.
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Just one final point on tyres.
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Drivers do not have an infinite pool of tyres they can use over the course of a weekend.
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Pirelli provide 13 sets of tyres to each driver to use throughout the sessions.
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In 2023 the allocation of tyres for every competitor is 8 sets of soft tyres, 3 sets of mediums and 2 hards.
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As well as that every driver does get 4 sets of intermediate tyres
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and 3 sets of full wets should it be rainy conditions.
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After every practice session a driver must return two sets of tyres to Pirelli.
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So by the time qualifying begins, a driver will have just seven sets of tyres to make it from Q1 until the chequered flag.
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Teams have to be very clever with how they use their tyres to get the most out of both practice
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and qualifying without running out of tyres.
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If you make it into Q3 as well, every driver has to hand back one final set of tyres, whereas if you don't make it into Q3, you don't have to hand back that final set.
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There is also no refueling in F1 anymore, so cars start the race with the required amount of fuel they need to complete the race.
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At the end of the race drivers score points for finishing in the top 10 with 25 points for first,
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18th for second, 15th for third all the way down to 1.4 tenth.
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You also gain a bonus point for the fastest lap during a race.
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Sprint race weekends are also a new addition to Formula One
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which does complicate things a bit because the format for those are a little bit different.
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There will be six sprint race weekends in 2023.
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In this format, there's only one practice session on the Friday and qualifying takes place that evening.
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There is then only one practice session on Saturday before a sprint race takes place later
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that day with the grid set by the qualifying from Friday.
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The sprint race is exactly that, a much shorter race taking place over 100 kilometers.
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But the finishing positions in the sprint race will then set the grid for the feature race
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which takes place on Sunday as normal, meaning drivers need to be ever more cautious with their moves.
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Just to confuse things further, at one or more of the upcoming sprint races, the FAA is testing a new sprint weekend format.
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This would see FP2 scrapped on the Saturday in favour of a second qualifying.
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The idea is you would have qualifying on the Friday for the main weekend's race on Sunday, and then on Saturday FP2 would be replaced by a sprint race qualifying,
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So two qualifiers for the two different races.
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It's unclear right now though if they're going to stick with this going forward.
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Points are also awarded differently than a main race.
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The winner of the sprint race gets eight points with second place getting seventh, third, sixth, etc. All the way down to one point for eighth place.
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And there we have the basics of Formula One.
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In the next video we're going to look at the cars themselves all the way down to the engines that power them.
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I hope you enjoyed this video and if you did leave a like
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and subscribe and I'll see you next time you
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節 B1 級別的口語課以影片“Formula 1 Beginner's Guide - The Basics”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：race, tyre, driver, qualifying, sprint。 這段影片共有 93 個句子、1432 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 7:15。 說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 197 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。 82% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| tyre 名詞 | /taɪə(ɹ)/ | 輪胎 /輪胎, 車胎 /車胎 |
| sprint 名詞 | /spɹɪnt/ | 短跑, 衝刺 /衝刺 |
| stripe 名詞 | /stɹaɪp/ | 條紋 /條紋 |
| tire 動詞 | /ˈtaɪ̯ɚ/ | 勞累 /勞累, 累 |
| grip 名詞 | /ˈɡɹɪp/ | 柄 |
| grid 名詞 | /ɡɹɪd/ | 網格 /網格, 格子 |
| compound 名詞 | /ˈkɑmpaʊnd/ | 化合物 |
| intermediate 形容詞 | /ɪn.tə(ɹ)ˈmi.di.ət/ | 中間 /中間, 中級 /中級 |
| depend 動詞 | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | 信任, 信賴 /信賴 |
| checkered 形容詞 | 棋盤式的 /棋盤式的, 方格相間的 /方格相間的 | |
| complicate 動詞 | /ˈkɑmplɪkeɪt/ | 弄複雜 /弄複雜, 複雜化 /複雜化 |
| compress 動詞 | /ˈkɑmpɹɛs/ | 壓縮 /壓縮 |
| durability 名詞 | /dəɹəˈbɪləti/ | 耐久性 |
| pinnacle 名詞 | /ˈpɪnəkəl/ | 巔峰 /巔峰 |
| refuel 動詞 | /ɹiːˈfjuːəl/ | 補充燃料 /補充燃料, 加油 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 釋義 |
|---|---|
| get up to 動詞 | 幹 /幹, 做 |
| go up 動詞 | 上昇 /上升, 上去 |
| going forward 副詞 | 放眼未來 /放眼未來 |
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | are added · is split · are knocked |
| 定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物 | session, which is · event which is |
| 最高階 the -est / the most … — 一組中最高或最低的 | the slowest · their fastest · the fastest |
| “will” 表將來 will + 動詞 — 決定、承諾或預測 | will take · will start · I'll explain |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 13 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 don't, I'll, can't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “th” 音: tenth /tɛnθ/, eighth /eɪtθ/, seventh /ˈsɛvənθ/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: shootout /ˈʃuːtaʊt/, allocation /ˌæl.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/, cautious /ˈkɔːʃəs/, suspension /səˈspɛnʃən/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: intermediate /ɪn.tə(ɹ)ˈmi.di.ət/, durability /dəɹəˈbɪləti/, qualifier /ˈkwɑ.lɪ.faɪ.ɚ/, allocation /ˌæl.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/, competitor /kəmˈpɛt.ɪ.tɚ/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: abrasive /əˈbɹeɪ.sɪv/, versatile /ˈvɜː.səˌtaɪl/, govern /ˈɡʌv.ən/, clever /ˈklɛv.ɚ/, seventh /ˈsɛvənθ/
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: sprint /spɹɪnt/, stripe /stɹaɪp/, grip /ˈɡɹɪp/, grid /ɡɹɪd/, compound /ˈkɑmpaʊnd/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: durability /dəɹəˈbɪləti/, refuel /ɹiːˈfjuːəl/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 tyre, sprint, stripe 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。