跟讀練習: Vietnam’s Insane Economic Boom Explained - 通過影片學習英語口語
選擇練習模式
每種模式都會開啟全屏練習室。
140 句
如果句子過短或過長，請點選 Edit 進行調整。
1
A few decades ago, Vietnam was quite literally one of the poorest countries in the world.
2
GDP was stagnant, it did a negligible amount of trade with the rest of the world,
3
and the economy was so unproductive that it had to import food,
4
despite being mostly agrarian.
5
Today, however, this has all changed.
6
Vietnam is both one of the most open and fastest growing economies in the world,
7
and its GDP is now expected to overtake that of Thailand,
8
one of the richest countries in the region sometime this year.
9
So in this video, we thought we'd take a look at Vietnam's economic miracle,
10
what's driving it, and how it's weathered the protectionism we've seen in recent years.
11
Never miss an episode and always feel in the loop by subscribing and ringing the bell.
12
So to understand quite how incredible Vietnam's economic boom has been,
13
you need a bit of context.
14
After the Vietnam War against the US,
15
which finished with the unification of North and South Vietnam in 1975,
16
Vietnam was, somewhat unsurprisingly, quite literally one of the poorest countries in the world.
17
According to UN data, in 1975,
18
Vietnam had a GDP per capita of just $84 at current prices,
19
roughly a quarter that of Thailand,
20
and even less than Cambodia,
21
which was then ruled by Khmer Rouge and entering the first phase of the Cambodian genocide.
22
The ruling Communist Party of Vietnam,
23
or CPV, originally tried to essentially mimic the Soviet Union,
24
pursuing a centralised form of economic planning.
25
But by the mid-80s, it had become apparent that this wasn't really working.
26
GDP per capita had barely budged,
27
and the Soviet Union itself was showing signs of decline.
28
So in the mid-80s, the government embarked on a series of liberalizing reforms,
29
with the aim of transforming Vietnam's command economy into a more market-oriented one.
30
The CPV were at least partly inspired by opening up reforms implemented by Deng Xiaoping in China in the late 70s,
31
which paved the way for an economic boom that began in the 80s and is continued to this day.
32
Anyway, these reforms were remarkably successful.
33
According to UN data, Vietnam's GDP per capita quadrupled between 1990 and 2000,
34
and then quadrupled again between 2000 and 2010.
35
According to World Bank data,
36
which is a bit more up-to-date than the UN data we've been using so far,
37
Vietnam now has a GDP per capita of nearly $5,000,
38
roughly double that of Cambodia and Laos,
39
higher than that of the Philippines and on par with Indonesia.
40
It's hard to overstate quite how impressive this is.
41
In 1990, Vietnam was way poorer than all these countries
42
and has since seen by far and away the fastest growth in the region.
43
Nor are things showing any signs of slowing down.
44
Growth came in at 8% in 2025,
45
well above estimates, and the government has set a target of 10% for 2026.
46
In terms of aggregate GDP,
47
Vietnam is now expected to overtake Thailand in the coming years,
48
a prospect that would have been unimaginable a decade or two ago.
49
So what's driven this boom?
50
Well, we see at least three big reasons.
51
First, Vietnam's enthusiastic embrace of free trade,
52
which began with the aforementioned reforms,
53
does seem to have really paid off.
54
Vietnam joined ASEAN in 1995,
55
signed a free trade agreement with the US in 2000,
56
and joined the World Trade Organization in 2007.
57
The net effect has been to dramatically reduce Vietnam's trade barriers,
58
and Vietnam is now one of the most trade-dependent economies in the world,
59
with total trade amounting to 174% of GDP.
60
Economic liberalization has also attracted copious amounts of foreign investment,
61
largely as a consequence of big multinationals setting up shop in Vietnam to take advantage of the relatively low labor costs.
62
Vietnam has also been a beneficiary of manufacturers' efforts to de-risk their exposure to China.
63
Companies like Google, Microsoft and Apple have all shifted parts of their supply chain out of China
64
and into Vietnam in recent years,
65
as part of what's become known as the China Plus One strategy.
66
This has all helped Vietnam establish itself as a manufacturing powerhouse,
67
exporting not just to the West,
68
but also to nearby Asian countries.
69
There was some anxiety that Trump,
70
who threatened Vietnam with an eye-watering 46% tariff on Liberation Day,
71
would throw a spanner into all this,
72
but the CPV have actually handled him remarkably well.
73
They promptly negotiated a new tariff rate of 19%,
74
which was low enough to keep Vietnamese exports competitive.
75
Anyway, the second reason is human capital.
76
Vietnam has pretty great demographics.
77
It has a large and relatively young workforce,
78
with a median age of about 33 and thus a relatively low so-called dependency ratio,
79
that is, the number of dependents relative to working-age people.
80
But it's not just demographic structure.
81
Vietnam's population is also incredibly well-educated.
82
In the latest PISA rankings,
83
for instance, Vietnamese students scored about on par with the OECD average,
84
despite being quite literally the poorest country to take part,
85
and having a GDP per capita roughly one-tenth that of the OECD average.
86
It's hard to overestimate quite how impressive this is.
87
In maths, Vietnamese students actually outperformed their counterparts in the US,
88
and way outperformed their peers in Indonesia and the Philippines,
89
two nearby countries with similar GDP per capita.
90
A well-educated workforce is one of the big reasons why Vietnam has,
91
unlike other middle-income countries, been able to move up the manufacturing value chain,
92
with high-tech products accounting for an ever-growing fraction of all exports.
93
This is also one of the big reasons why Vietnam's score on the World Bank's Human Capital Index,
94
which combines indicators of health and education into a measure of the human capital
95
that a child born today can expect to obtain by their 18th birthday,
96
is, somewhat astonishingly, on a par with that of the US and Luxembourg,
97
despite being many times poorer.
98
Finally, Vietnam's economy benefits from the country's relatively progressive attitudes towards the role of women in the workforce.
99
Low female labour participation rates have often been a barrier to economic development in middle-income countries,
100
but Vietnam has quite literally one of the highest rates in the world,
101
exceeding even the OECD average.
102
The third and final reason is political stability.
103
The CPV have proved remarkably competent stewards and embarked on successive liberalisation drives to make the country more attractive to foreign businesses.
104
These seem to have paid off.
105
According to the Economist Intelligence Unit,
106
between 2003 and 2023, Vietnam's business environment improved more than that of any other country.
107
Now, to be clear, this is not a general defense of authoritarianism over democracy,
108
and Vietnam's political system is appallingly repressive in certain respects.
109
Nonetheless, it's hard to deny that Vietnam's relative political stability has helped its economy,
110
and the comparison with Thailand,
111
where recurrent political crises have given way to economic stagnation, is telling.
112
As is so often the case these days,
113
a lot of how this plays out depends on influence.
114
Not only who technically has the power to make things happen,
115
but also who has the sway to make sure it does.
116
That's why last year we put together a list of the world's 25 most influential people,
117
using rankings from you, our audience,
118
as well as from our journalists.
119
This year we've done the same,
120
producing a brand new ranking for 2026.
121
In the upcoming issue of our magazine Too Long,
122
we explore our list, telling the stories of a number of people who made the list,
123
from the return of Donald Trump and the calculated moves of Xi Jinping to the AI frontiers of Sam Altman.
124
We look to the new entries,
125
New York's first Muslim mayor Zohran Ramdani,
126
the radical shift of Pope Leo XIV,
127
and bastions of technocracy, like Prime Minister Mark Carney,
128
as well as the shadows that still linger, like Jeffrey Epstein.
129
As always, this issue of Too Long features a whole lot more than just our most influential people ranking though.
130
We also have a whole featured segment on how the UK became more divided than ever,
131
and how a broken country could rebuild,
132
the fragmentation emerging within the EU,
133
how religion is being used by politicians around the world,
134
and much, much more you can pre-order your copy at too long dot news
135
or to get the best deal you can just subscribe to the magazine doing
136
so gets you 20 off every copy for the lifetime of your subscription
137
and
138
if you use code spring 26 you'll get an additional three
139
pounds off your first copy bringing the price as low as four pounds 99 find out more
140
and order your copy today at too long dot news
同頻道
FOR YOU
推薦影片
C12
144 句
Is Vietnam's Economy Truly Set to Become Rich? | Economy of Vietnam | Econ
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
179 句
Why China Will be the Big Winner of the 2020 Crisis
IELTS PrepBusiness EnglishUniversity Students
C18
253 句
Vietnam’s $67BN Gamble on High-Speed Rail
British AccentIELTS PrepBusiness EnglishUniversity Students
C113
69 句
World economy in the age of uncertainty | Vietnam Today
IELTS PrepBusiness EnglishUniversity Students
B21
154 句
The SECRET Behind Asia's Miracle Economy
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
216 句
The Entire History of Vietnam (FULL Documentary)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C117
18 句
Quốc gia đáng sống nhất | TED-Ed | Học Tiếng Anh song ngữ #shorts #hoctienganh #tienganh
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B27
170 句
The Vietnamese Boom Is a Lie (and it's worse than you think)
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
159 句
The Tragic Reality of Brain Drain on Poor Countries | Economics Explained
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
55 句
FTSE Russell upgrades Vietnam's stock market | Vietnam Today
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
723 句
Former US Ambassador: That Vietnamese woman left a great impact on my career! | Ted Osius | EP 362
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B221
13 句
“Vietnam Today” chính thức lên sóng: Tiếng nói của Việt Nam ra thế giới
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
背景與上下文
在幾乎每個國家的經濟發展中，瞭解歷史背景是至關重要的。越南在上世紀70年代結束了與美國的戰爭後，成為世界上最貧困的國家之一。當時，越南經濟停滯，國內生產總值（GDP）僅為每人84美元，與泰國相比低了四分之一。然而，從80年代中期開始，越南政府意識到中央計劃經濟的侷限，開始進行市場經濟的改革。這些改革的成功以及與中國開放政策的借鑑，使得越南在接下來的幾十年中逆轉了經濟命運，迅速崛起，成為東南亞增長最快的經濟體之一。
日常交流的五個重要短語
- 經濟增長: 這是指國家的生產和消費能力的提高。
- 中央計劃經濟: 這種經濟模式由政府嚴格控制資源分配。
- 市場導向: 指國家經濟政策更傾向於市場機制而非計劃。
- 人均GDP: 衡量一個國家居民平均經濟水平的重要指標。
- 經濟改革: 對現有經濟體制進行調整和改善以推動發展。
逐步影子跟讀指導
若想通過英語影子跟讀提升語言能力，建議您按以下步驟進行練習：
- 選擇合適的影片: 選擇類似“越南的經濟奇蹟”的影片，以便更好地理解背景。
- 逐句聆聽: 播放影片時，仔細聆聽每一句話，抓住講話的重點和語調。
- 嘗試模仿: 先跟讀一小段，確保發音準確，再逐漸增加長度。例如，您可以使用shadowspeak技巧，模仿說話者的語調和節奏。
- 記錄反饋: 將自己的聲音錄下來，與原影片進行對比，找出還需改進的地方。
- 定期練習: 設定每週至少三次影子跟讀練習，以提高口語流利度，增強信心，幫助您在雅思口語練習中取得良好成績。
通過以上指導，您將能夠有效運用shadow speak技巧，提升自己的英語水平，特別是在與經濟相關的對話中更遊刃有餘。
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | we've seen · has been · has set |
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | is now expected · was then ruled · is continued |
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。