Практика Shadowing: Vietnam’s Insane Economic Boom Explained - Изучайте разговорный английский с YouTube
C1
A few decades ago, Vietnam was quite literally one of the poorest countries in the world.
140 предложений
Если предложения слишком короткие или длинные, нажмите Edit, чтобы их изменить.
1
A few decades ago, Vietnam was quite literally one of the poorest countries in the world.
2
GDP was stagnant, it did a negligible amount of trade with the rest of the world,
3
and the economy was so unproductive that it had to import food,
4
despite being mostly agrarian.
5
Today, however, this has all changed.
6
Vietnam is both one of the most open and fastest growing economies in the world,
7
and its GDP is now expected to overtake that of Thailand,
8
one of the richest countries in the region sometime this year.
9
So in this video, we thought we'd take a look at Vietnam's economic miracle,
10
what's driving it, and how it's weathered the protectionism we've seen in recent years.
11
Never miss an episode and always feel in the loop by subscribing and ringing the bell.
12
So to understand quite how incredible Vietnam's economic boom has been,
13
you need a bit of context.
14
After the Vietnam War against the US,
15
which finished with the unification of North and South Vietnam in 1975,
16
Vietnam was, somewhat unsurprisingly, quite literally one of the poorest countries in the world.
17
According to UN data, in 1975,
18
Vietnam had a GDP per capita of just $84 at current prices,
19
roughly a quarter that of Thailand,
20
and even less than Cambodia,
21
which was then ruled by Khmer Rouge and entering the first phase of the Cambodian genocide.
22
The ruling Communist Party of Vietnam,
23
or CPV, originally tried to essentially mimic the Soviet Union,
24
pursuing a centralised form of economic planning.
25
But by the mid-80s, it had become apparent that this wasn't really working.
26
GDP per capita had barely budged,
27
and the Soviet Union itself was showing signs of decline.
28
So in the mid-80s, the government embarked on a series of liberalizing reforms,
29
with the aim of transforming Vietnam's command economy into a more market-oriented one.
30
The CPV were at least partly inspired by opening up reforms implemented by Deng Xiaoping in China in the late 70s,
31
which paved the way for an economic boom that began in the 80s and is continued to this day.
32
Anyway, these reforms were remarkably successful.
33
According to UN data, Vietnam's GDP per capita quadrupled between 1990 and 2000,
34
and then quadrupled again between 2000 and 2010.
35
According to World Bank data,
36
which is a bit more up-to-date than the UN data we've been using so far,
37
Vietnam now has a GDP per capita of nearly $5,000,
38
roughly double that of Cambodia and Laos,
39
higher than that of the Philippines and on par with Indonesia.
40
It's hard to overstate quite how impressive this is.
41
In 1990, Vietnam was way poorer than all these countries
42
and has since seen by far and away the fastest growth in the region.
43
Nor are things showing any signs of slowing down.
44
Growth came in at 8% in 2025,
45
well above estimates, and the government has set a target of 10% for 2026.
46
In terms of aggregate GDP,
47
Vietnam is now expected to overtake Thailand in the coming years,
48
a prospect that would have been unimaginable a decade or two ago.
49
So what's driven this boom?
50
Well, we see at least three big reasons.
51
First, Vietnam's enthusiastic embrace of free trade,
52
which began with the aforementioned reforms,
53
does seem to have really paid off.
54
Vietnam joined ASEAN in 1995,
55
signed a free trade agreement with the US in 2000,
56
and joined the World Trade Organization in 2007.
57
The net effect has been to dramatically reduce Vietnam's trade barriers,
58
and Vietnam is now one of the most trade-dependent economies in the world,
59
with total trade amounting to 174% of GDP.
60
Economic liberalization has also attracted copious amounts of foreign investment,
61
largely as a consequence of big multinationals setting up shop in Vietnam to take advantage of the relatively low labor costs.
62
Vietnam has also been a beneficiary of manufacturers' efforts to de-risk their exposure to China.
63
Companies like Google, Microsoft and Apple have all shifted parts of their supply chain out of China
64
and into Vietnam in recent years,
65
as part of what's become known as the China Plus One strategy.
66
This has all helped Vietnam establish itself as a manufacturing powerhouse,
67
exporting not just to the West,
68
but also to nearby Asian countries.
69
There was some anxiety that Trump,
70
who threatened Vietnam with an eye-watering 46% tariff on Liberation Day,
71
would throw a spanner into all this,
72
but the CPV have actually handled him remarkably well.
73
They promptly negotiated a new tariff rate of 19%,
74
which was low enough to keep Vietnamese exports competitive.
75
Anyway, the second reason is human capital.
76
Vietnam has pretty great demographics.
77
It has a large and relatively young workforce,
78
with a median age of about 33 and thus a relatively low so-called dependency ratio,
79
that is, the number of dependents relative to working-age people.
80
But it's not just demographic structure.
81
Vietnam's population is also incredibly well-educated.
82
In the latest PISA rankings,
83
for instance, Vietnamese students scored about on par with the OECD average,
84
despite being quite literally the poorest country to take part,
85
and having a GDP per capita roughly one-tenth that of the OECD average.
86
It's hard to overestimate quite how impressive this is.
87
In maths, Vietnamese students actually outperformed their counterparts in the US,
88
and way outperformed their peers in Indonesia and the Philippines,
89
two nearby countries with similar GDP per capita.
90
A well-educated workforce is one of the big reasons why Vietnam has,
91
unlike other middle-income countries, been able to move up the manufacturing value chain,
92
with high-tech products accounting for an ever-growing fraction of all exports.
93
This is also one of the big reasons why Vietnam's score on the World Bank's Human Capital Index,
94
which combines indicators of health and education into a measure of the human capital
95
that a child born today can expect to obtain by their 18th birthday,
96
is, somewhat astonishingly, on a par with that of the US and Luxembourg,
97
despite being many times poorer.
98
Finally, Vietnam's economy benefits from the country's relatively progressive attitudes towards the role of women in the workforce.
99
Low female labour participation rates have often been a barrier to economic development in middle-income countries,
100
but Vietnam has quite literally one of the highest rates in the world,
101
exceeding even the OECD average.
102
The third and final reason is political stability.
103
The CPV have proved remarkably competent stewards and embarked on successive liberalisation drives to make the country more attractive to foreign businesses.
104
These seem to have paid off.
105
According to the Economist Intelligence Unit,
106
between 2003 and 2023, Vietnam's business environment improved more than that of any other country.
107
Now, to be clear, this is not a general defense of authoritarianism over democracy,
108
and Vietnam's political system is appallingly repressive in certain respects.
109
Nonetheless, it's hard to deny that Vietnam's relative political stability has helped its economy,
110
and the comparison with Thailand,
111
where recurrent political crises have given way to economic stagnation, is telling.
112
As is so often the case these days,
113
a lot of how this plays out depends on influence.
114
Not only who technically has the power to make things happen,
115
but also who has the sway to make sure it does.
116
That's why last year we put together a list of the world's 25 most influential people,
117
using rankings from you, our audience,
118
as well as from our journalists.
119
This year we've done the same,
120
producing a brand new ranking for 2026.
121
In the upcoming issue of our magazine Too Long,
122
we explore our list, telling the stories of a number of people who made the list,
123
from the return of Donald Trump and the calculated moves of Xi Jinping to the AI frontiers of Sam Altman.
124
We look to the new entries,
125
New York's first Muslim mayor Zohran Ramdani,
126
the radical shift of Pope Leo XIV,
127
and bastions of technocracy, like Prime Minister Mark Carney,
128
as well as the shadows that still linger, like Jeffrey Epstein.
129
As always, this issue of Too Long features a whole lot more than just our most influential people ranking though.
130
We also have a whole featured segment on how the UK became more divided than ever,
131
and how a broken country could rebuild,
132
the fragmentation emerging within the EU,
133
how religion is being used by politicians around the world,
134
and much, much more you can pre-order your copy at too long dot news
135
or to get the best deal you can just subscribe to the magazine doing
136
so gets you 20 off every copy for the lifetime of your subscription
137
and
138
if you use code spring 26 you'll get an additional three
139
pounds off your first copy bringing the price as low as four pounds 99 find out more
140
and order your copy today at too long dot news
Скачать приложение
ИИ-оценка каждого произнесённого вами предложения
TRENDING
Популярные
Контекст и предыстория
В этом видео обсуждаются поразительные изменения в экономике Вьетнама за последние несколько десятилетий. Ранее Вьетнам считался одной из беднейших стран мира с незначительным объемом внешней торговли. Однако после внедрения ряда либерализующих реформ и перехода к рыночной экономике, Вьетнам стал одной из самых быстрорастущих экономик в мире. Такое резкое изменение благосостояния страны предоставляет уникальную возможность для практики английского языка, особенно в контексте экономики и бизнеса.
Топ-5 фраз для повседневного общения
- “GDP per capita” – Валовой внутренний продукт на душу населения
- “market-oriented economy” – рыночно ориентированная экономика
- “economic boom” – экономический бум
- “liberalizing reforms” – либерализующие реформы
- “aggregate GDP” – валовой внутренний продукт в общем
Эти фразы могут быть полезны для студентов, изучающих английский язык, чтобы лучше понять экономические обсуждения и высказать свои мысли на эти темы.
Пошаговое руководство по Shadowing
Для улучшения вашего произношения и беглости речи с помощью shadow speak попробуйте следовать этому пошаговому руководству. Практика shadowing английский метода поможет вам освоить особенности произношения и интонации:
- Слушайте видео внимательно. Начните с прослушивания без субтитров, чтобы попытаться уловить основные идеи.
- Разбивайте на части. Остановите видео на коротких фразах и повторяйте их вслух, подражая произношению и интонации спикера.
- Практикуйте с текстом. Изучите транскрипцию и найдите сложные слова, которые вам необходимо разобрать. Это поможет вам лучше понять их использование в контексте.
- Засекайте время. Практикуйтесь каждый день по 10-15 минут. Это поможет вам привыкнуть к ритму речи.
- Записывайте себя. Сравните свою речь с оригиналом, чтобы выявить области для улучшения.
Используя shadowspeak и метод shadowing site, вы сможете значительно повысить уровень вашего английского языка и уверенность в общении на высокопрофессиональные темы, такие как экономика.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.
☕ Угостите нас кофе
ShadowingEnglish остаётся 100% бесплатным благодаря вашей поддержке. Стоимость серверов и ИИ высока — ваш кофе поддерживает нас! 🙏