跟读练习: 3 tips to boost your confidence - TED-Ed - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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Translator: Jennifer Cody Reviewer: Jessica Ruby When faced with a big challenge where potential failure seems to lurk at every corner, maybe you've heard this advice before: "Be more confident." And most likely, this is what you think when you hear it: "If only it were that simple." But what is confidence?
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Translator: Jennifer Cody Reviewer: Jessica Ruby When faced with a big challenge where potential failure seems to lurk at every corner, maybe you've heard this advice before: "Be more confident." And most likely, this is what you think when you hear it: "If only it were that simple." But what is confidence?
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Take the belief that you are valuable, worthwhile, and capable, also known as self-esteem, add in the optimism that comes when you are certain of your abilities, and then empowered by these, act courageously to face a challenge head-on.
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This is confidence.
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It turns thoughts into action.
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So where does confidence even come from?
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There are several factors that impact confidence.
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One: what you're born with, such as your genes, which will impact things like the balance of neurochemicals in your brain.
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Two: how you're treated.
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This includes the social pressures of your environment.
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And three: the part you have control over, the choices you make, the risks you take, and how you think about and respond to challenges and setbacks.
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It isn't possible to completely untangle these three factors, but the personal choices we make certainly play a major role in confidence development.
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So, by keeping in mind a few practical tips, we do actually have the power to cultivate our own confidence.
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Tip 1: a quick fix.
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There are a few tricks that can give you an immediate confidence boost in the short term.
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Picture your success when you're beginning a difficult task, something as simple as listening to music with deep bass; it can promote feelings of power.
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You can even strike a powerful pose or give yourself a pep talk.
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Tip two: believe in your ability to improve.
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If you're looking for a long-term change, consider the way you think about your abilities and talents.
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Do you think they are fixed at birth, or that they can be developed, like a muscle?
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These beliefs matter because they can influence how you act when you're faced with setbacks.
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If you have a fixed mindset, meaning that you think your talents are locked in place, you might give up, assuming you've discovered something you're not very good at.
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But if you have a growth mindset and think your abilities can improve, a challenge is an opportunity to learn and grow.
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Neuroscience supports the growth mindset.
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The connections in your brain do get stronger and grow with study and practice.
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It also turns out, on average, people who have a growth mindset are more successful, getting better grades, and doing better in the face of challenges.
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Tip three: practice failure.
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Face it, you're going to fail sometimes.
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Everyone does.
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J.K. Rowling was rejected by twelve different publishers before one picked up "Harry Potter." The Wright Brothers built on history's failed attempts at flight, including some of their own, before designing a successful airplane.
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Studies show that those who fail regularly and keep trying anyway are better equipped to respond to challenges and setbacks in a constructive way.
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They learn how to try different strategies, ask others for advice, and perservere.
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So, think of a challenge you want to take on, realize it's not going to be easy, accept that you'll make mistakes, and be kind to yourself when you do.
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Give yourself a pep talk, stand up, and go for it.
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The excitement you'll feel knowing that whatever the result, you'll have gained greater knowledge and understanding.
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This is confidence.
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关于本课：提升自信，掌握英语口语
本TED-Ed视频深入探讨了“自信”的本质，揭示了影响自信的基因、环境及个人选择三大因素。更重要的是，视频提供了三个实用技巧，帮助我们培养和增强自信心。对于英语学习者而言，这是一次绝佳的英语口语练习机会，不仅能学习关于心理学和自我提升的词汇，还能提升听力理解和表达能力。
通过学习本视频，您将练习：
- 词汇主题：自信、自尊、乐观、能力、挑战、挫折、心态（固定型与成长型）、坚持不懈等。
- 语法模式：复杂的解释性句式、条件状语从句、动名词结构等，有助于构建更复杂的表达。
- 口语场景：讨论个人发展、克服困难、表达观点和建议。这对于准备雅思口语等考试，或在日常交流中更流畅地表达个人见解非常有帮助，从而提升英语流利度。
重要词汇和短语
- lurk at every corner: 潜在的危险无处不在，随时可能发生。 (例: "Potential failure seems to lurk at every corner.")
- face a challenge head-on: 正面迎接挑战，直接应对。 (例: "Act courageously to face a challenge head-on.")
- cultivate (our own) confidence: 培养（我们自己的）自信心。 (例: "We do actually have the power to cultivate our own confidence.")
- strike a powerful pose: 摆出有力量的姿势，有助于提升气场。 (例: "You can even strike a powerful pose or give yourself a pep talk.")
- growth mindset: 成长型思维模式，相信能力可以通过努力发展和提高。 (例: "If you have a growth mindset and think your abilities can improve, a challenge is an opportunity to learn and grow.")
- fixed mindset: 固定型思维模式，认为能力是天生的、不可改变的。 (例: "If you have a fixed mindset, meaning that you think your talents are locked in place, you might give up.")
- be faced with setbacks: 面对挫折或困难。 (例: "How you act when you're faced with setbacks.")
- persevere: 坚持不懈，不屈不挠。 (例: "They learn how to try different strategies, ask others for advice, and persevere.")
本视频练习技巧：提升发音与流利度
本视频是进行跟读技巧训练的绝佳素材。演讲者的语速适中，发音清晰，是模仿和学习美式英语的理想范本。以下是一些具体的练习建议：
- 语速与节奏：演讲者语速平稳，吐字清晰。初学者可以先放慢速度，逐句模仿其发音和语调，然后逐渐提速，争取与原视频同步。这将显著提高您的英语流利度。
- 发音与重音：注意演讲者对关键概念（如“confidence”、“growth mindset”、“setbacks”）的强调和重音处理。这些细微之处对于准确传达情感和意义至关重要，有助于提高您的发音练习效果。
- 口音模仿：着重模仿演讲者的美式口音，包括元音、辅音的发音方式，以及连读、弱读等语音现象。这能让您的英语听起来更自然、更地道。
- 理解与复述：在跟读之后，尝试用自己的话复述视频中的核心观点和三个自信提升技巧。这不仅能巩固所学词汇和语法，也是检验理解程度、锻炼即兴表达能力的有效方法，对于雅思口语的Task 2和Task 3非常有益。
- 应用与思考：思考视频内容如何应用于您的语言学习过程。例如，“成长型思维”如何帮助您面对学习中的挫折？将这些思考用英语表达出来，能进一步提升您的英语口语练习深度。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。
如何在ShadowingEnglish上有效练习
- 选择您的视频： 挑选一段语音清晰、自然的YouTube视频。TED演讲，BBC新闻，电影片段，播客或雅思口语范例都很好。将URL粘贴到搜索栏中。从较短的视频（短于5分钟）以及您真正感兴趣的内容开始——兴趣是最重要的导师。
- 先听，理解上下文： 第一次听的时候，将速度保持在1倍速并仅仅倾听。还不要尝试重复。专注于理解其含义，收集新词汇，并注意讲话人如何强调单词，连读声音及使用停顿。
- 设置跟读模式：
- 等待模式：选择
+3s或+5s——在每句话播放完毕后，视频会自动暂停以便您有时间大声重复它。如果您想完全控制并在每次重复后由您自己点击下一步，请选择手动。 - 字幕同步：YouTube字幕有时会在音频前或后略微出现。使用
±100ms使它们完美对齐以助您准确跟读。
- 等待模式：选择
- 大声跟读（核心练习）： 这是真正发生改变的一步。当一个句子播放出来立刻——或在暂停期间——大声、清晰且自信地重复出来。千万不要只是张张嘴：要模仿说话者的准确节奏、重音、音高和连读。力求听上去就像说话者的影子，而不仅是逐字背诵。使用重复功能多次练习同一个句子，直到感觉自然为止。
- 提高难度： 当练习段落变得相对舒适后，就去挑战自我。将速度增加至 <code>1.25x</code> 或甚至 <code>1.5x</code> 以训练高速语言反射。或者将等待模式调整为 <code>关闭</code> 以进行连续跟读——这是最进阶同样收益最大的模式。持续的每日15–30分钟的练习将可以在几周内产生可见的效果。