跟读练习: Carnival Scam Science (and how to WIN) - 通过视频学习英语口语

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(lively carnival music) - 11 feet.

11 feet. It's no secret that carnivals exist to make money.

And to do that most effectively, they employ a bunch of little tricks to make you overestimate your chances of winning, in some cases to such an extent that it's basically a scam.

So I spent a couple days coming down to this amusement park and observing and collecting data on all of the carnival games.

So today I'm gonna tell you which games are the biggest ripoffs and the scientific reasons why.

I even Nancy Drewed how much the carnival actually pays for the prizes that people can win.

But there is hope, because I'll also show you some legitimate tricks on how to win the most popular games, along with what happens when you show up to the carnival with your professional baseball playing buddy who happens to play for the New York Mets.

(bell chiming) (balls thudding) (upbeat music) Let's get started.

(upbeat music) Any kind of legitimate investigation needs to start with solid data as the foundation.

So with the promise of unlimited churros, I had some friends secretly help me collect data on all 24 Carnival games for a full day.

Not only did we capture how many times each game was played, but we also recorded how many times people actually won each game and the prize they won.

And so the first observation based on the data we collected is that this relatively small park collects $20,000 a day off their carnival games alone.

So to help frame the rest of the observations, we'll divide the games into three groups.

The first group you've got the Random Chance Games, games like these where no skill is involved and you're basically just rolling dice.

And for the second group, you have your skill-based games like the basketball shot or the milk bottle throw or the basket toss game, where if you bring some kind of skill or strategy to the table, you can increase your chances of winning.

And the final category are the games that are pretty much impossible.

These ones are borderline scams.

There are three games in this category that lots of people attempted and nobody won.

And if they did win, like in the case of the ladder climb, it was for a very specific reason which I will address later.

So let's start by talking about the Random Chance games.

Calculating your chance of winning here is pretty straightforward.

You just divide the winning outcomes by the total outcomes and you get a percentage.

So in this case, there are about 1600 total cups and 160 winning cups.

So that's a 10% chance or will one in 10 throws will win.

There are a ton of games similar to this but the catch is they always use balls that are lightweight and have a high coefficient of restitution, meaning they bounce really well off things.

This makes it much less likely the ball will end up where you originally aimed at.

To illustrate this point, think how much easier this game would be with bean bags which are heavier and don't bounce.

With a ping pong ball, however, any imperfection in the aim of your original throw is magnified which essentially randomizes things.

If you have no skills, these are the games that you want to play.

But don't get too excited because even when you win, you lose.

After some investigative work, I uncovered the source where they ordered their prizes from.

And so even if you got lucky and won on your first throw, it would cost you a $1.50 for a prize that cost them 45 cents, but you usually don't get it on your first try.

So treating this as an expected value problem in statistics, it would take you an average of five times to land it in a yellow cup, which means you pay $7.50 for something that costs them 45 cents.

In the case of the big prize, by landing it in the super rare gold cup, it's even worse.

It would take you an average of 25 tries, which works out to $38 for something that costs them six bucks.

And I'll add the number of people we observed winning matched up pretty well with these statistical predictions.

Now let's talk about the second group which are the skill-based games.

And one of the most popular in this category is the basketball toss with 825 plays the day that we observed.

Now standard three pointer is 24 feet back on a rim that is 10 feet off the ground.

But in this case, the line is 28 feet back on a rim that is 11 feet off the ground, which is subtle.

But if you have a deadly three-pointer locked into your muscle memory, you will tend to miss short, which is exactly what we saw a bunch.

The reason they have the big slope tarp in front is so that someone can't stand directly underneath the rim where the height difference would be much more apparent.

And here again, even if you go Steph Curry and drain your first $3 shot, you still lose, because they only paid 80 cents for that basketball.

Here's another example of getting you to overestimate your chances of winning by making subtle changes, because the table is slanted up slightly, which will reduce the horizontal velocity of the ball after the bounce.

So even if you dominated this game all through college, your previous experience almost becomes a handicap.

This measure, your pitch speed game is borderline fraudulent as their radar gun registers about 15 miles an hour too slow.

And I know this because I measured the distance and then recorded in high speed and counted the frames.

This pitch was clocked at 69 miles per hour, but it's much closer to 84.

For the milk bottle game, the only catch here is the bottles are metal and therefore heavier and more stable and harder to knock down than a typical bottle of that size.

I've seen some carnivals though, where these are bottom weighted, which would make them more steady and thus less likely to tip.

To figure out which kind you have, you can ask to hold it.

And the point at which it balances on your finger is the center of mass.

The key to winning this game is hitting them right here with a hard enough throw to introduce sufficient kinetic energy.

But don't throw it too hard, because we notice those who threw their hardest usually sacrificed on accuracy.

About one in 14 people knock this over on their first try.

And then finally, we have the basket toss game and the key here is to have your first bounce hit on this front lip to reduce the kinetic energy enough that it won't bounce back out.

About one in 10 throws will win on this game according to our observations.

And now this brings us to the final category of the near impossible games, and there are three of them.

On this first one, the goal is to shoot out this red star completely with this automatic BB gun.

So the best strategy is to basically shoot a circle around the star to cut it out.

Not only are the guns not accurate or precise, but the bigger issue is that you start out doing really well because there's enough surrounding paper for the baby to easily rip through like this.

But Newton's third law tells us that you can only push on something as hard as it can resist your push.

So at the end you have these barely supported pieces of the star that just move out of the way when the BB comes without building up enough stress to rip the paper.

Out of 120 plays we saw no win this game all day.

The spring bottle game is also impossibly difficult.

Again, it's a lightweight object that's really bouncy to encourage randomness but the actual inner diameter of the ring is really close to the outer diameter of the bottle.

This means that any throw besides this pretty much perfect one will send the ring bouncing away without settling in on the bottle.

If you really want this bear, I suggest going on Amazon and getting it for $47.

I literally can't tell you how much money this will save you because of the 840 rings we saw thrown, none stayed on a bottle, which brings up sort of an obvious rule of thumb.

If you want the feeling of winning a game, do not stop at any booth that offers really big prizes.

And for the final near impossible game, let me reiterate that as a carnival owner, the most lucrative games are those which the customers overestimate their chances of success.

No game is a better example of that than the ladder climb.

There's a subtle issue with this game that I think people realize, but don't internalize the significance.

The ladder converges to be supported on the wall at one point instead of two.

If it was attached at two points, it's like crawling across a rope bridge, which is pretty easy.

Let's pretend this is you.

And if you shrunk all the weight of your body down to the average location, we call that spot the center of mass which will mark with this dot.

And once again, we can double check this is the right spot because it balances perfectly on one finger.

If you draw imaginary lines connecting the different support points, that creates an area.

and as long as your center of mass dot is within that area, it's impossible to fall off.

But as soon as your center of mass dot is even a little bit outside of the area of support you start to rotate and fall off.

And this is true no matter which way you orient it.

If you've ever bent over to pick something up, you actually know this fact, whether you realize it or not.

In this case, the region of support is between the back of your heels and the tips of your toes.

When you reach over, you will naturally move your butt back to keep your center of mass in between those support points.

And if you don't believe me try picking something up while standing against the wall so you can't move your butt back.

At the very moment your center of mass gets beyond your toes, you start to tip over.

In the case of the ladder game, you're only connected at one point.

So even though it looks wide because the ladder rungs, that area of support reduces down to a line.

So if you don't keep your center of mass directly above that line, you will start to rotate and fall off.

In other words, to win this game, you basically need to be able to crawl across a tight rope.

And you might think, well, I can do a slack line, so I can do this.

But a slack line is actually much easier for two reasons.

You can flail your arms and legs out to adjust your center of mass to keep it directly above that line of support.

And your center of mass is higher, increasing your mass moment of inertia, making you more stable.

In the same way it's easier to balance this umbrella when it's extended versus when it's collapsed.

So while there are a few videos that say tricks like maintain three points of contact, they're all basically useless because keeping your center of mass directly above a line is just something you have to get a feel for.

That takes a lot of practice.

But once you've had enough practice, this is the one game at the carnival that's basically all skill so you can win every time and clean them out.

100

Unfortunately, the carnival owners know this, which is why it's also the only game with this super lame caveat.

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So now that we we're carnival experts, I called to my buddy Matt Winaker, who was recently just drafted to play baseball for the New York Mets to maximize our chances of winning any skill game that had to do with throwing.

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(upbeat music) So clearly, Matt had a deadly lock on any throwing game, but basketball is more my game.

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So to finish off the day, I decided I would bring his ego back into check.

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But as it turns out, if you are a world-class athlete in one sport you are a really, really good athlete in all sports.

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So in conclusion, you should play the games if you think they're fun, just know the odds are heavily stacked against you.

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So if you lose, its NBD, unlike this guy who lost his entire life savings playing carnival games, and if your motivation is to gain the love and admiration of someone's special via a stuffed animal like this, you don't need carnival games to do that.

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Amazon works totally just as well.

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I just bought this for you, my lady.

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- Why? (upbeat music)

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关于本课

在本课中，学习者将通过分析和观察游乐园中的游戏，理解有关概率、游戏技巧和策略的重要性。通过这段视频，你将练习与游乐园相关的词汇和短语，从而提升你在雅思口语练习中的表达能力。此活动不仅让你了解游戏背后的科学原理，还有助于提高你对英语口语的敏感度。

关键词汇与短语

随机机会游戏 (Random Chance Games)
技巧游戏 (Skill-based Games)
期望值 (Expected Value)
比赛成绩 (Winning Outcomes)
弹跳系数 (Coefficient of Restitution)
音速测量 (Pitch Speed Measurement)
金杯奖品 (Gold Cup Prize)
游乐场骗局 (Carnival Scam)

练习技巧

对于本视频的影子练习，建议学习者在安静的环境中进行，以便集中精力。首先，随视频的节奏重复关键句子，尽量模仿讲解者的语调和语速。对于处理较快的部分，可以逐句停顿，确保你能够准确发音。shadowing site或shadow speech可以帮助你改善语音和语调。其次，尝试在视频中找到互动的部分，停下来自己思考下一步应该如何表达，这样会提升你的思维反应速度，这在雅思口语练习中至关重要。最后，定期回顾自己练习时的录音，注意是否能够流畅地使用刚刚学习的名词和短语，以便在真实交流中能够自信表达自己。通过这种方式，你将不但能掌握游乐场的科学块，还能获得更高的英语口语能力，特别是在雅思口语练习方面。

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说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构	视频中的用法
定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物	bags which are · cup, which means · group which are
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的	was played · is involved · is magnified
现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事	I've seen · you've ever bent · you've had

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

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跟读练习: Carnival Scam Science (and how to WIN) - 通过视频学习英语口语

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关于本课

关键词汇与短语

练习技巧

视频中的语法

什么是跟读法？