跟读练习: How to Survive a Grenade Blast - 通过视频学习英语口语

(water splashing) - So I'm here today in Florida filming with Kevin, more commonly known as The Backyard Scientist.

- That's right.

- And today we're gonna take these two live grenades, and we're gonna be dipping 'em in this tub of liquid nitrogen.

So go ahead and hand 'em to me.

And then dude, baby alligator.

(grenades bouncing) (water splashes) (classical uplifting music) So now we're both about 15 feet away, except I'm on land with a grenade on land, and Kevin is in the water with a grenade in the water.

So the question is, which one of us has a better chance of survival?

Take a moment to decide, do you dive on the pool deck or jump in the pool?

We both had very different theories for survival.

So as firm believers in the scientific method, we decided to test out our hypotheses.

So we devised some experiments.

But before I get to those, I think it's important to understand how a grenade actually works.

So once you pull the pin, as long as you keep this handle pushed down, you're perfectly safe.

But as soon as you let go of the grenade, this handle springs off which releases a spring loaded striker that hits a percussion cap that starts a five second fuse that you can't do anything to stop.

And I never really thought about it until I made this video but the reason you see a waffle pattern in grenades is to create weak points in the shell.

So that's where it's going to break first.

And since there are 40 bumps, this grenade is basically an explosion that shoots 40 bullets in all directions.

In warfare, that's what makes them lethal.

So the best strategy is to get as far as possible in a few seconds, and then hit the deck with your feet facing towards the grenade.

This presents the smallest possible target for a flying grenade chunk to hit.

So 15 feet away.

Mathematically, that puts my chances of getting hit at less than 1%.

But things are even better for Kevin in the pool.

It's been well documented that bullets do not travel far in water at all.

The drag force is so high, they just disintegrate after a few feet.

So he has a 0% chance of getting injured by a grenade fragment in the water.

But we are thorough men of science and we wanted more information.

So we designed an experiment where we filled three balloons, half with water and half with air to roughly mimic the human body, which is mostly water, but we have pockets of air in our lungs, intestines, in our sinuses, in our ears, and then we subjected them to identical explosions, identical distances apart in both air (shot fires) and water.

(shot fires) As you can see, there isn't much effect on land, because air is compressible, which helps dissipate energy, plus the blast wave reflects around objects.

But in water, the story is different.

Water is incompressible, which means not only is the blast wave not dissipated, but it passes right through your mostly water body.

So the air in these balloons represents the air in your body, like your lungs and your sinuses.

So basically what's happening is the blast wave is pushing in on you, but the air cavities can't push back with the same force, since they're filled with compressible air, that means they move a lot really quickly, which causes permanent damage.

As a control, you could see this balloon that is filled with just water.

It is perfectly fine.

That would be like your arms and legs, which have no air in them, and they are basically incompressible like water, and would be fine.

An explosion underwater is sort of like the silver ball things.

So this represents the initial energy of the blast, which then comes down and passes through the incompressible water, and then comes out without losing any energy at the water surface.

But now your squishable lungs are surrounded by incompressible water in the path of the blast wave.

And so when the blast happens, there's a lot of relative motion, which is bad if you like your lungs the way they are right now.

And sadly, our experiment is verified in real life.

So these jerks throw an M80 into the water, and you can see the devastating effect it has.

On land, if a bird were that close to an M80, it would be startled, but it would be perfectly fine.

So now that you know, think back, which did you choose?

While it's true, there is a small chance you would get unlucky with the grenade chunk if you chose to dive next to me.

If you chose to join Kevin, you will be in that pool for the rest of your life.

(upbeat video game music) So huge thanks to the backyard scientist for dying in the name of science.

If you've never seen his stuff, you just have to check it out.

Here's a video we just finished filming.

- It's a bunch of which is a non-Newtonian fluid, and we destroyed it in every way imaginable.

- It's incredible footage.

His channel is full of this type of junk.

So check it out, subscribe, and as always, thanks for watching.

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本课的词汇与口语要点

这节 B2 级别的口语课以视频“How to Survive a Grenade Blast”为素材。视频中反复出现的词有：grenade, blast, incompressible, lungs, Kevin。这段视频共有 53 个句子、886 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 4:55。说话人语速较快，每分钟约 180 个词，会出现较多连读和弱读。 82% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
grenade 名词	/ɡɹəˈneɪd/	榴彈 /榴弹, 手榴彈 /手榴弹
lung 名词	/ˈlʌŋ/	физы, 肺
balloon 名词	/bəˈlun/	氣球 /气球
compressible 形容词		可壓縮的 /可压缩的
sinus 名词	/ˈsaɪ.nəs/	竇 /窦
chunk 名词	/t͡ʃʌŋk/	塊 /块
splash 动词	/splæʃ/	濺 /溅, 潑 /泼
backyard 名词	/bækˈjɑːd/	後院 /后院
dive 动词	/daɪv/	潛水 /潜水
alligator 名词	/ˈæl.ɪ.ɡeɪ.tɚ/	美洲鱷 /美洲鳄, 短吻鱷 /短吻鳄
devastate 动词	/ˈdɛv.ə.steɪt/	摧毀 /摧毁, 破壞 /破坏
disintegrate 动词	/dɪsˈɪntɪɡɹeɪt/	解體 /解体, 瓦解
imaginable 形容词	/ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪnəbəl/	可以想像的
injure 动词	/ˈɪn.d͡ʒɚ/	傷害 /伤害, 損傷 /损伤
intestine 名词	/ɪnˈtɛs.tɪn/	腸管 /肠管, 腸子 /肠子

视频中出现的短语动词

单词	发音	释义
come down 动词		下來 /下来, 降
come out 动词	/ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/	出, 出來 /出来
go ahead 动词	/ˌɡoʊ əˈhɛd/	請便 /请便
think back 动词		回想, 回憶 /回忆

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构	视频中的用法
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的	is filled · are surrounded · is verified
定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物	body, which is · incompressible, which means · legs, which have

需要注意的发音

说话人用了 13 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 we're, can't, gonna。请按听到的简短形式来说。

“th” 音: lethal /ˈliː.θəl/, hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, thorough /ˈθʌɹoʊ/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: splash /splæʃ/, percussion /pɚˈkʌʃən/, squishable /ˈskwɪʃəbəl/
长单词——注意重音位置: alligator /ˈæl.ɪ.ɡeɪ.tɚ/, disintegrate /dɪsˈɪntɪɡɹeɪt/, imaginable /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪnəbəl/, hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, underwater /ʌndɚˈwɔtəɹ/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

/v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: dive /daɪv/, devastate /ˈdɛv.ə.steɪt/, devise /dɪˈvaɪz/, cavity /ˈkæv.ɪt.i/, believer /bɪˈlivɚ/
词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: grenade /ɡɹəˈneɪd/, dissipate /ˈdɪsɪpeɪt/, sinus /ˈsaɪ.nəs/, chunk /t͡ʃʌŋk/, splash /splæʃ/
/æ/ — 嘴张大，不要读成 /e/: splash /splæʃ/, backyard /bækˈjɑːd/, alligator /ˈæl.ɪ.ɡeɪ.tɚ/, imaginable /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪnəbəl/, fragment /ˈfɹæɡmənt/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 grenade, lung, balloon 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

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本课的词汇与口语要点

视频中的重点词汇

视频中出现的短语动词

视频中的语法

需要注意的发音

如何用这段视频练习

什么是跟读法？