शैडोइंग अभ्यास: How to Survive a Grenade Blast - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
पाठ बनाया जा रहा है...
1
(water splashing) - So I'm here today in Florida filming with Kevin, more commonly known as The Backyard Scientist.
2
- That's right.
3
- And today we're gonna take these two live grenades, and we're gonna be dipping 'em in this tub of liquid nitrogen.
4
So go ahead and hand 'em to me.
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And then dude, baby alligator.
6
(grenades bouncing) (water splashes) (classical uplifting music) So now we're both about 15 feet away, except I'm on land with a grenade on land, and Kevin is in the water with a grenade in the water.
7
So the question is, which one of us has a better chance of survival?
8
Take a moment to decide, do you dive on the pool deck or jump in the pool?
9
We both had very different theories for survival.
10
So as firm believers in the scientific method, we decided to test out our hypotheses.
11
So we devised some experiments.
12
But before I get to those, I think it's important to understand how a grenade actually works.
13
So once you pull the pin, as long as you keep this handle pushed down, you're perfectly safe.
14
But as soon as you let go of the grenade, this handle springs off which releases a spring loaded striker that hits a percussion cap that starts a five second fuse that you can't do anything to stop.
15
And I never really thought about it until I made this video but the reason you see a waffle pattern in grenades is to create weak points in the shell.
16
So that's where it's going to break first.
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And since there are 40 bumps, this grenade is basically an explosion that shoots 40 bullets in all directions.
18
In warfare, that's what makes them lethal.
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So the best strategy is to get as far as possible in a few seconds, and then hit the deck with your feet facing towards the grenade.
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This presents the smallest possible target for a flying grenade chunk to hit.
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So 15 feet away.
22
Mathematically, that puts my chances of getting hit at less than 1%.
23
But things are even better for Kevin in the pool.
24
It's been well documented that bullets do not travel far in water at all.
25
The drag force is so high, they just disintegrate after a few feet.
26
So he has a 0% chance of getting injured by a grenade fragment in the water.
27
But we are thorough men of science and we wanted more information.
28
So we designed an experiment where we filled three balloons, half with water and half with air to roughly mimic the human body, which is mostly water, but we have pockets of air in our lungs, intestines, in our sinuses, in our ears, and then we subjected them to identical explosions, identical distances apart in both air (shot fires) and water.
29
(shot fires) As you can see, there isn't much effect on land, because air is compressible, which helps dissipate energy, plus the blast wave reflects around objects.
30
But in water, the story is different.
31
Water is incompressible, which means not only is the blast wave not dissipated, but it passes right through your mostly water body.
32
So the air in these balloons represents the air in your body, like your lungs and your sinuses.
33
So basically what's happening is the blast wave is pushing in on you, but the air cavities can't push back with the same force, since they're filled with compressible air, that means they move a lot really quickly, which causes permanent damage.
34
As a control, you could see this balloon that is filled with just water.
35
It is perfectly fine.
36
That would be like your arms and legs, which have no air in them, and they are basically incompressible like water, and would be fine.
37
An explosion underwater is sort of like the silver ball things.
38
So this represents the initial energy of the blast, which then comes down and passes through the incompressible water, and then comes out without losing any energy at the water surface.
39
But now your squishable lungs are surrounded by incompressible water in the path of the blast wave.
40
And so when the blast happens, there's a lot of relative motion, which is bad if you like your lungs the way they are right now.
41
And sadly, our experiment is verified in real life.
42
So these jerks throw an M80 into the water, and you can see the devastating effect it has.
43
On land, if a bird were that close to an M80, it would be startled, but it would be perfectly fine.
44
So now that you know, think back, which did you choose?
45
While it's true, there is a small chance you would get unlucky with the grenade chunk if you chose to dive next to me.
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If you chose to join Kevin, you will be in that pool for the rest of your life.
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(upbeat video game music) So huge thanks to the backyard scientist for dying in the name of science.
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If you've never seen his stuff, you just have to check it out.
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Here's a video we just finished filming.
50
- It's a bunch of which is a non-Newtonian fluid, and we destroyed it in every way imaginable.
51
- It's incredible footage.
52
His channel is full of this type of junk.
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So check it out, subscribe, and as always, thanks for watching.
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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव
यह B2 स्तर का स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “How to Survive a Grenade Blast” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: grenade, blast, incompressible, lungs, Kevin। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 53 वाक्य और 886 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 4:55 लंबा है। वक्ता तेज़ बोलता है, लगभग 180 शब्द प्रति मिनट, इसलिए जुड़ी हुई और कमज़ोर ध्वनियाँ ज़्यादा मिलेंगी। 82% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।
इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली
वीडियो के 15 सबसे कठिन शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| grenade संज्ञा | /ɡɹəˈneɪd/ | हथगोला, ग्रेनेड |
| lung संज्ञा | /ˈlʌŋ/ | फेफड़ा, फुफ्फुस |
| balloon संज्ञा | /bəˈlun/ | ग़ुब्बारा, बेलून |
| backyard संज्ञा | /bækˈjɑːd/ | बगिया |
| dive क्रिया | /daɪv/ | डुबकी |
| alligator संज्ञा | /ˈæl.ɪ.ɡeɪ.tɚ/ | मगरमच्छ, घड़ियाल |
| intestine संज्ञा | /ɪnˈtɛs.tɪn/ | अँतड़ी, आँत |
| fragment संज्ञा | /ˈfɹæɡmənt/ | अंश, खंड |
| unlucky विशेषण | /ʌnˈlʌki/ | अभागा |
| believer संज्ञा | /bɪˈlivɚ/ | आस्तिक, मूमिन |
| nitrogen संज्ञा | /ˈnaɪ.tɹə.d͡ʒən/ | भूयाति, नाइट्रोजन |
| surround क्रिया | /səˈɹaʊnd/ | घेरना |
| hypothesis संज्ञा | /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/ | परिकल्पना |
| verify क्रिया | /ˈvɛɹɪfaɪ/ | परखना, जाँचना |
| thorough विशेषण | /ˈθʌɹoʊ/ | विस्तृत |
वीडियो में आने वाली फ़्रेज़ल वर्ब
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| go ahead क्रिया | /ˌɡoʊ əˈhɛd/ | आगे बढ़ना |
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | is filled · are surrounded · is verified |
| Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी | body, which is · incompressible, which means · legs, which have |
ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण
वक्ता 13 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे we're, can't, gonna। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।
- “th” की ध्वनियाँ: lethal /ˈliː.θəl/, hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, thorough /ˈθʌɹoʊ/
- “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: splash /splæʃ/, percussion /pɚˈkʌʃən/, squishable /ˈskwɪʃəbəl/
- लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: alligator /ˈæl.ɪ.ɡeɪ.tɚ/, disintegrate /dɪsˈɪntɪɡɹeɪt/, imaginable /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪnəbəl/, hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, underwater /ʌndɚˈwɔtəɹ/
हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:
- /v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: dive /daɪv/, devastate /ˈdɛv.ə.steɪt/, devise /dɪˈvaɪz/, squishable /ˈskwɪʃəbəl/, waffle /ˈwɑf.əl/
- /z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: devise /dɪˈvaɪz/, fuse /fjuːz/
- शब्द की शुरुआत में s + व्यंजन — पहले “इ” न जोड़ें: splash /splæʃ/, squishable /ˈskwɪʃəbəl/, startle /ˈstɑɹt(ə)l/, striker /ˈstɹaɪkɚ/
इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें
- पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
- 0.75× गति से शुरू करें, एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें, और सहज लगने पर सामान्य गति पर लौटें।
- अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर grenade, lung, balloon जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।