تدريب Shadowing: How to Survive a Grenade Blast - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
جارٍ إنشاء الدرس...
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(water splashing) - So I'm here today in Florida filming with Kevin, more commonly known as The Backyard Scientist.
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- That's right.
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- And today we're gonna take these two live grenades, and we're gonna be dipping 'em in this tub of liquid nitrogen.
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So go ahead and hand 'em to me.
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And then dude, baby alligator.
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(grenades bouncing) (water splashes) (classical uplifting music) So now we're both about 15 feet away, except I'm on land with a grenade on land, and Kevin is in the water with a grenade in the water.
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So the question is, which one of us has a better chance of survival?
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Take a moment to decide, do you dive on the pool deck or jump in the pool?
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We both had very different theories for survival.
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So as firm believers in the scientific method, we decided to test out our hypotheses.
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So we devised some experiments.
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But before I get to those, I think it's important to understand how a grenade actually works.
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So once you pull the pin, as long as you keep this handle pushed down, you're perfectly safe.
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But as soon as you let go of the grenade, this handle springs off which releases a spring loaded striker that hits a percussion cap that starts a five second fuse that you can't do anything to stop.
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And I never really thought about it until I made this video but the reason you see a waffle pattern in grenades is to create weak points in the shell.
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So that's where it's going to break first.
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And since there are 40 bumps, this grenade is basically an explosion that shoots 40 bullets in all directions.
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In warfare, that's what makes them lethal.
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So the best strategy is to get as far as possible in a few seconds, and then hit the deck with your feet facing towards the grenade.
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This presents the smallest possible target for a flying grenade chunk to hit.
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So 15 feet away.
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Mathematically, that puts my chances of getting hit at less than 1%.
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But things are even better for Kevin in the pool.
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It's been well documented that bullets do not travel far in water at all.
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The drag force is so high, they just disintegrate after a few feet.
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So he has a 0% chance of getting injured by a grenade fragment in the water.
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But we are thorough men of science and we wanted more information.
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So we designed an experiment where we filled three balloons, half with water and half with air to roughly mimic the human body, which is mostly water, but we have pockets of air in our lungs, intestines, in our sinuses, in our ears, and then we subjected them to identical explosions, identical distances apart in both air (shot fires) and water.
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(shot fires) As you can see, there isn't much effect on land, because air is compressible, which helps dissipate energy, plus the blast wave reflects around objects.
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But in water, the story is different.
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Water is incompressible, which means not only is the blast wave not dissipated, but it passes right through your mostly water body.
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So the air in these balloons represents the air in your body, like your lungs and your sinuses.
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So basically what's happening is the blast wave is pushing in on you, but the air cavities can't push back with the same force, since they're filled with compressible air, that means they move a lot really quickly, which causes permanent damage.
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As a control, you could see this balloon that is filled with just water.
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It is perfectly fine.
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That would be like your arms and legs, which have no air in them, and they are basically incompressible like water, and would be fine.
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An explosion underwater is sort of like the silver ball things.
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So this represents the initial energy of the blast, which then comes down and passes through the incompressible water, and then comes out without losing any energy at the water surface.
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But now your squishable lungs are surrounded by incompressible water in the path of the blast wave.
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And so when the blast happens, there's a lot of relative motion, which is bad if you like your lungs the way they are right now.
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And sadly, our experiment is verified in real life.
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So these jerks throw an M80 into the water, and you can see the devastating effect it has.
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On land, if a bird were that close to an M80, it would be startled, but it would be perfectly fine.
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So now that you know, think back, which did you choose?
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While it's true, there is a small chance you would get unlucky with the grenade chunk if you chose to dive next to me.
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If you chose to join Kevin, you will be in that pool for the rest of your life.
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(upbeat video game music) So huge thanks to the backyard scientist for dying in the name of science.
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If you've never seen his stuff, you just have to check it out.
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Here's a video we just finished filming.
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- It's a bunch of which is a non-Newtonian fluid, and we destroyed it in every way imaginable.
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- It's incredible footage.
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His channel is full of this type of junk.
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So check it out, subscribe, and as always, thanks for watching.
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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس
هذا الدرس في المحادثة بمستوى B2 مبني على الفيديو “How to Survive a Grenade Blast”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: grenade, blast, incompressible, lungs, Kevin. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 53 جملة و886 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 4:55. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة، نحو 180 كلمة في الدقيقة، لذا ستسمع كثيرًا من وصل الكلمات واختزال الأصوات. 82% من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، ويُستحسن مراجعة الباقي قبل البدء.
أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو
أصعب 15 كلمة في الفيديو، مع النطق والمعنى:
| الكلمة | النطق | المعنى |
|---|---|---|
| grenade اسم | /ɡɹəˈneɪd/ | قُنْبُلَة, قُنْبُلَة يَدَوِيَّة |
| lung اسم | /ˈlʌŋ/ | رِئَة, سَحَر |
| balloon اسم | /bəˈlun/ | نُفَّاخَة, بَالُون |
| sinus اسم | /ˈsaɪ.nəs/ | جَيْب اَلْأُنْف |
| dive فعل | /daɪv/ | غَاصَ |
| alligator اسم | /ˈæl.ɪ.ɡeɪ.tɚ/ | قَاطُور, تِمْسَاح أَمْرِيكِيّ |
| injure فعل | /ˈɪn.d͡ʒɚ/ | جَرَحَ |
| intestine اسم | /ɪnˈtɛs.tɪn/ | مِعًى, مَعْي |
| mathematically ظرف | رياضياتيا | |
| startle فعل | /ˈstɑɹt(ə)l/ | فَاجَأَ, بَاغَثَ |
| waffle اسم | /ˈwɑf.əl/ | وَافِل |
| fragment اسم | /ˈfɹæɡmənt/ | قِطْعَة, شَقَفَة |
| cavity اسم | /ˈkæv.ɪt.i/ | تَجْوِيف |
| fuse اسم | /fjuːz/ | فَتِيل |
| believer اسم | /bɪˈlivɚ/ | مُؤْمِن, مُؤْمِنَة |
الأفعال المركبة التي ستسمعها
| الكلمة | النطق | المعنى |
|---|---|---|
| come out فعل | /ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/ | خَرَجَ, غَادَرَ |
| pass through فعل | اِخْتَرَقَ, نَفَذَ |
القواعد في هذا الفيديو
أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:
| التركيب | في الفيديو |
|---|---|
| المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعله | is filled · are surrounded · is verified |
| جمل الوصل who / which + جملة — معلومة إضافية عن شخص أو شيء | body, which is · incompressible, which means · legs, which have |
نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه
يستخدم المتحدث 13 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل we're, can't, gonna. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.
- أصوات “th”: lethal /ˈliː.θəl/, hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, thorough /ˈθʌɹoʊ/
- أصوات “sh” و“zh”: splash /splæʃ/, percussion /pɚˈkʌʃən/, squishable /ˈskwɪʃəbəl/
- الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: alligator /ˈæl.ɪ.ɡeɪ.tɚ/, disintegrate /dɪsˈɪntɪɡɹeɪt/, imaginable /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪnəbəl/, hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, underwater /ʌndɚˈwɔtəɹ/
أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:
- /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: dissipate /ˈdɪsɪpeɪt/, splash /splæʃ/, percussion /pɚˈkʌʃən/, upbeat /ʌpˈbit/, hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/
- /v/ — ليس /f/: مع اهتزاز الأوتار الصوتية: dive /daɪv/, devastate /ˈdɛv.ə.steɪt/, devise /dɪˈvaɪz/, cavity /ˈkæv.ɪt.i/, believer /bɪˈlivɚ/
- تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: grenade /ɡɹəˈneɪd/, chunk /t͡ʃʌŋk/, splash /splæʃ/, squishable /ˈskwɪʃəbəl/, startle /ˈstɑɹt(ə)l/
كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو
- استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
- ابدأ بسرعة 0.75×، وردّد جملة جملة، ثم عُد إلى السرعة العادية عندما يصبح الأمر سهلًا.
- سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل grenade, lung, balloon.
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.