跟讀練習: How to Survive a Grenade Blast - 通過影片學習英語口語

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(water splashing) - So I'm here today in Florida filming with Kevin, more commonly known as The Backyard Scientist.

- That's right.

- And today we're gonna take these two live grenades, and we're gonna be dipping 'em in this tub of liquid nitrogen.

So go ahead and hand 'em to me.

And then dude, baby alligator.

(grenades bouncing) (water splashes) (classical uplifting music) So now we're both about 15 feet away, except I'm on land with a grenade on land, and Kevin is in the water with a grenade in the water.

So the question is, which one of us has a better chance of survival?

Take a moment to decide, do you dive on the pool deck or jump in the pool?

We both had very different theories for survival.

So as firm believers in the scientific method, we decided to test out our hypotheses.

So we devised some experiments.

But before I get to those, I think it's important to understand how a grenade actually works.

So once you pull the pin, as long as you keep this handle pushed down, you're perfectly safe.

But as soon as you let go of the grenade, this handle springs off which releases a spring loaded striker that hits a percussion cap that starts a five second fuse that you can't do anything to stop.

And I never really thought about it until I made this video but the reason you see a waffle pattern in grenades is to create weak points in the shell.

So that's where it's going to break first.

And since there are 40 bumps, this grenade is basically an explosion that shoots 40 bullets in all directions.

In warfare, that's what makes them lethal.

So the best strategy is to get as far as possible in a few seconds, and then hit the deck with your feet facing towards the grenade.

This presents the smallest possible target for a flying grenade chunk to hit.

So 15 feet away.

Mathematically, that puts my chances of getting hit at less than 1%.

But things are even better for Kevin in the pool.

It's been well documented that bullets do not travel far in water at all.

The drag force is so high, they just disintegrate after a few feet.

So he has a 0% chance of getting injured by a grenade fragment in the water.

But we are thorough men of science and we wanted more information.

So we designed an experiment where we filled three balloons, half with water and half with air to roughly mimic the human body, which is mostly water, but we have pockets of air in our lungs, intestines, in our sinuses, in our ears, and then we subjected them to identical explosions, identical distances apart in both air (shot fires) and water.

(shot fires) As you can see, there isn't much effect on land, because air is compressible, which helps dissipate energy, plus the blast wave reflects around objects.

But in water, the story is different.

Water is incompressible, which means not only is the blast wave not dissipated, but it passes right through your mostly water body.

So the air in these balloons represents the air in your body, like your lungs and your sinuses.

So basically what's happening is the blast wave is pushing in on you, but the air cavities can't push back with the same force, since they're filled with compressible air, that means they move a lot really quickly, which causes permanent damage.

As a control, you could see this balloon that is filled with just water.

It is perfectly fine.

That would be like your arms and legs, which have no air in them, and they are basically incompressible like water, and would be fine.

An explosion underwater is sort of like the silver ball things.

So this represents the initial energy of the blast, which then comes down and passes through the incompressible water, and then comes out without losing any energy at the water surface.

But now your squishable lungs are surrounded by incompressible water in the path of the blast wave.

And so when the blast happens, there's a lot of relative motion, which is bad if you like your lungs the way they are right now.

And sadly, our experiment is verified in real life.

So these jerks throw an M80 into the water, and you can see the devastating effect it has.

On land, if a bird were that close to an M80, it would be startled, but it would be perfectly fine.

So now that you know, think back, which did you choose?

While it's true, there is a small chance you would get unlucky with the grenade chunk if you chose to dive next to me.

If you chose to join Kevin, you will be in that pool for the rest of your life.

(upbeat video game music) So huge thanks to the backyard scientist for dying in the name of science.

If you've never seen his stuff, you just have to check it out.

Here's a video we just finished filming.

- It's a bunch of which is a non-Newtonian fluid, and we destroyed it in every way imaginable.

- It's incredible footage.

His channel is full of this type of junk.

So check it out, subscribe, and as always, thanks for watching.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節 B2 級別的口語課以影片“How to Survive a Grenade Blast”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：grenade, blast, incompressible, lungs, Kevin。這段影片共有 53 個句子、886 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 4:55。說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 180 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。 82% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
grenade 名詞	/ɡɹəˈneɪd/	榴彈 /榴彈, 手榴彈 /手榴彈
lung 名詞	/ˈlʌŋ/	физы, 肺
balloon 名詞	/bəˈlun/	氣球 /氣球
compressible 形容詞		可壓縮的 /可壓縮的
sinus 名詞	/ˈsaɪ.nəs/	竇 /竇
chunk 名詞	/t͡ʃʌŋk/	塊 /塊
splash 動詞	/splæʃ/	濺 /濺, 潑 /潑
backyard 名詞	/bækˈjɑːd/	後院 /後院
dive 動詞	/daɪv/	潛水 /潛水
alligator 名詞	/ˈæl.ɪ.ɡeɪ.tɚ/	美洲鱷 /美洲鱷, 短吻鱷 /短吻鱷
devastate 動詞	/ˈdɛv.ə.steɪt/	摧毀 /摧毀, 破壞 /破壞
disintegrate 動詞	/dɪsˈɪntɪɡɹeɪt/	解體 /解體, 瓦解
imaginable 形容詞	/ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪnəbəl/	可以想像的
injure 動詞	/ˈɪn.d͡ʒɚ/	傷害 /傷害, 損傷 /損傷
intestine 名詞	/ɪnˈtɛs.tɪn/	腸管 /腸管, 腸子 /腸子

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	發音	釋義
come down 動詞		下來 /下來, 降
come out 動詞	/ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/	出, 出來 /出來
go ahead 動詞	/ˌɡoʊ əˈhɛd/	請便 /請便
think back 動詞		回想, 回憶 /回憶

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	is filled · are surrounded · is verified
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物	body, which is · incompressible, which means · legs, which have
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	It's been · you've never seen

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 13 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 we're, can't, gonna。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“th” 音: lethal /ˈliː.θəl/, hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, thorough /ˈθʌɹoʊ/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: splash /splæʃ/, percussion /pɚˈkʌʃən/, squishable /ˈskwɪʃəbəl/
長單詞——注意重音位置: alligator /ˈæl.ɪ.ɡeɪ.tɚ/, disintegrate /dɪsˈɪntɪɡɹeɪt/, imaginable /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪnəbəl/, hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, underwater /ʌndɚˈwɔtəɹ/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: dive /daɪv/, devastate /ˈdɛv.ə.steɪt/, devise /dɪˈvaɪz/, cavity /ˈkæv.ɪt.i/, believer /bɪˈlivɚ/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: grenade /ɡɹəˈneɪd/, dissipate /ˈdɪsɪpeɪt/, sinus /ˈsaɪ.nəs/, chunk /t͡ʃʌŋk/, splash /splæʃ/
/æ/ — 嘴張大，不要讀成 /e/: splash /splæʃ/, backyard /bækˈjɑːd/, alligator /ˈæl.ɪ.ɡeɪ.tɚ/, imaginable /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪnəbəl/, fragment /ˈfɹæɡmənt/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 grenade, lung, balloon 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: How to Survive a Grenade Blast - 通過影片學習英語口語

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