跟讀練習: Bare Hand Bottle Busting- Science Investigation - 通過影片學習英語口語

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- Today I am here with Kevin, more commonly known as the Backyard Scientist.

And as fate would have it, we are actually in- - The backyard.

- So I recently made a video where I converted a leaf blower into a snowball machine gun and the first thing he said was- - You should set those on fire.

- So as soon as I got here today, we- But flaming snowballs aren't actually why I'm here today.

Show 'em why I'm here today, Kevin.

So I actually don't drink, but I've heard of people doing this with beer bottles.

So either Kevin has some superpowers, or there's some crazy physics going on there that we're gonna try and figure out today.

- So neither of us really knows what causes these bottles to break and there's a lot of conflicting evidence out there but we have some of our own ideas.

- So as firm believers in the scientific method, we are going to science our way to the right answer through a bunch of experiments.

- I'll drink to that.

- Not yet you won't, Kevin. - I've heard that one of the reasons people think it's breaking is because when they slam their hand down on it, they're forcing a bunch of air in the bottle and that causes the bottom to shoot out.

- So in this experiment, we're testing the pressure wave theory, where when a person hits it with their hand, they force a bunch of air in that then creates a pressure wave that pushes out the bottom of the bottle.

So we've put a cap on the top, so there's no way to force air in.

We're using a rubber mallet just to be more consistent for all of the hits.

One. The bottle broke, even though the cap was on, and there was no way to force air in, so we are rejecting this theory.

- We think carbonation might have something to do with it.

- Okay so to isolate that, we have one beer that's carbonated, one with water, and then we filled this one with sparkling water.

So if these two don't break and this one breaks, I think we've isolated that it works better without carbonation.

- Yes. - So this bottle is filled with sparkling water, so the theory is that it shouldn't break.

And now for the beer, the bottle didn't break, but that was interesting how much it fizzed up.

So as it turns out, here's why that happens.

When you hit the bottle, it moves down really fast, but the liquid hasn't started moving yet.

That creates an empty gap down here, that's basically a vacuum or really low pressure.

And if the drink is carbonated, the CO2 from the liquid gets sucked into that vacuum and fills it with CO2 gas bubbles.

And since these bubbles are less dense than the drink, they rise up through the liquid and create a chain reaction of more bubbles as they go.

Now finally, we test the water, and just like with the carbonated liquids, you see this vacuum form on the bottom.

Except this time the bottle breaks.

So theory number two is confirmed, non-carbonated liquids work better.

But now we just have to figure out why.

What are they doing differently to make the bottle actually break?

- So what I think is breaking the bottle is the momentum of the water going back and filling the vacuum is causing the bottom to break out.

- And I think the break is happening a little bit earlier.

When the vacuum is formed like the air outside is at 14 PSI and so it's pushing in on the vacuum.

So it's before the water rebounds, it's actually cracking because the difference in pressure.

- Well we'll find out.

- Round three. Fight!

- So we're gonna add some red dye and then we're gonna slow the camera down to like 7,000 frames per second to see precisely the moment when it happens.

One. So if I'm right, okay, bottle, it should break right there.

- No. - Yes! - You punk.

Yeah so you're definitely right.

- Yeah. - It ruptured when the water is coming back right?

- Cracks right after it hits the bottom.

- So Kevin was right. In fact, it turns out that water cavity collapses 10 times faster than it formed, which creates a force higher than the initial hit on the bottle, which is why it doesn't break right away.

So now that you know the science, if you want to impress your friends with this trick, here are a couple important tips.

Number one, hit the bottle and not your hand.

You want to make as much energy from your strike go into moving the bottle and not just being reacted by your hand.

You can even get the neck of the bottle a little wet and then let it slip a bit when you hit it, just to make sure it's moving.

Number two, like we discovered, use water or something non-carbonated.

Otherwise, the carbonation just fills in that vacuum and cushions the rebound force.

Number three, a liquid with a high vapor pressure is good.

If you use a liquid with a high vapor pressure that means the vacuum you need at the bottom of the bottle will form much easier, so hot water is a lot better than cold water because the vapor pressure's higher.

Nail polish remover also works well for the same reason.

Number four, be safe, this is glass, and glass can cut you if you're not careful where it lands.

Number five, don't chicken out.

It hurts way more if you don't follow through.

Plus you look like this.

- Oh, I heard it. Did it hurt?

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節 B2 級別的口語課以影片“Bare Hand Bottle Busting- Science Investigation”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：bottle, break, vacuum, liquid, bottom。這段影片共有 57 個句子、948 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 5:25。說話人語速自然，每分鐘約 175 個詞，接近日常對話。 85% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
vacuum 名詞	/ˈvæ.kjuːm/	真空
vapor 名詞	/ˈveɪpɚ/	蒸氣 /蒸氣
bubble 名詞	/ˈbʌbəl/	泡, 氣泡 /氣泡
snowball 名詞	/ˈsnoʊbɔl/	雪球
sparkling 形容詞	/ˈspɑɹkl̩ɪŋ/	氣泡 /氣泡
isolate 動詞	/ˈaɪ.sə.leɪt/	孤立
backyard 名詞	/bækˈjɑːd/	後院 /後院
blower 名詞	/ˈbloʊ.ɚ/	鼓風機 /鼓風機
mallet 名詞	/ˈmælɪt/	槌, 木槌
rupture 名詞	/ˈɹʌpt͡ʃɚ/	破裂
superpower 名詞		超級大國 /超級大國
cushion 名詞	/ˈkʊʃən/	墊子 /墊子, 軟墊 /軟墊
cavity 名詞	/ˈkæv.ɪt.i/	腔
believer 名詞	/bɪˈlivɚ/	信徒, 教徒
dense 形容詞	/ˈdɛns/	密, 稠密

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	釋義
figure out 動詞	弄清楚
turn out 動詞	原來 /原來
break out 動詞	逃出
come back 動詞	回來 /回來, 返回
find out 動詞	找出, 查明
go back 動詞	回去, 返回

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	I've heard · we've put · we've isolated
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	is filled · is carbonated · is confirmed

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 30 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 we're, don't, gonna。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

長單詞——注意重音位置: carbonated /ˈkɑɹ.bəˌneɪ.təd/, momentum /ˌmə(ʊ)ˈmɛntəm/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: vacuum /ˈvæ.kjuːm/, vapor /ˈveɪpɚ/, cavity /ˈkæv.ɪt.i/, believer /bɪˈlivɚ/, convert /kənˈvɝt/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: carbonated /ˈkɑɹ.bəˌneɪ.təd/, rebound /ˈɹi.baʊnd/, isolate /ˈaɪ.sə.leɪt/, backyard /bækˈjɑːd/, mallet /ˈmælɪt/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: sparkling /ˈspɑɹkl̩ɪŋ/, precisely /pɹɪˈsaɪs.li/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 vacuum, vapor, bubble 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Bare Hand Bottle Busting- Science Investigation - 通過影片學習英語口語

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