跟读练习: Bare Hand Bottle Busting- Science Investigation - 通过视频学习英语口语
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- Today I am here with Kevin, more commonly known as the Backyard Scientist.
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And as fate would have it, we are actually in- - The backyard.
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- So I recently made a video where I converted a leaf blower into a snowball machine gun and the first thing he said was- - You should set those on fire.
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- So as soon as I got here today, we- But flaming snowballs aren't actually why I'm here today.
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Show 'em why I'm here today, Kevin.
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So I actually don't drink, but I've heard of people doing this with beer bottles.
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So either Kevin has some superpowers, or there's some crazy physics going on there that we're gonna try and figure out today.
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- So neither of us really knows what causes these bottles to break and there's a lot of conflicting evidence out there but we have some of our own ideas.
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- So as firm believers in the scientific method, we are going to science our way to the right answer through a bunch of experiments.
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- I'll drink to that.
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- Not yet you won't, Kevin. - I've heard that one of the reasons people think it's breaking is because when they slam their hand down on it, they're forcing a bunch of air in the bottle and that causes the bottom to shoot out.
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- So in this experiment, we're testing the pressure wave theory, where when a person hits it with their hand, they force a bunch of air in that then creates a pressure wave that pushes out the bottom of the bottle.
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So we've put a cap on the top, so there's no way to force air in.
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We're using a rubber mallet just to be more consistent for all of the hits.
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One. The bottle broke, even though the cap was on, and there was no way to force air in, so we are rejecting this theory.
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- We think carbonation might have something to do with it.
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- Okay so to isolate that, we have one beer that's carbonated, one with water, and then we filled this one with sparkling water.
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So if these two don't break and this one breaks, I think we've isolated that it works better without carbonation.
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- Yes. - So this bottle is filled with sparkling water, so the theory is that it shouldn't break.
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And now for the beer, the bottle didn't break, but that was interesting how much it fizzed up.
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So as it turns out, here's why that happens.
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When you hit the bottle, it moves down really fast, but the liquid hasn't started moving yet.
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That creates an empty gap down here, that's basically a vacuum or really low pressure.
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And if the drink is carbonated, the CO2 from the liquid gets sucked into that vacuum and fills it with CO2 gas bubbles.
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And since these bubbles are less dense than the drink, they rise up through the liquid and create a chain reaction of more bubbles as they go.
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Now finally, we test the water, and just like with the carbonated liquids, you see this vacuum form on the bottom.
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Except this time the bottle breaks.
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So theory number two is confirmed, non-carbonated liquids work better.
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But now we just have to figure out why.
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What are they doing differently to make the bottle actually break?
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- So what I think is breaking the bottle is the momentum of the water going back and filling the vacuum is causing the bottom to break out.
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- And I think the break is happening a little bit earlier.
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When the vacuum is formed like the air outside is at 14 PSI and so it's pushing in on the vacuum.
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So it's before the water rebounds, it's actually cracking because the difference in pressure.
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- Well we'll find out.
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- Round three. Fight!
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- So we're gonna add some red dye and then we're gonna slow the camera down to like 7,000 frames per second to see precisely the moment when it happens.
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One. So if I'm right, okay, bottle, it should break right there.
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- No. - Yes! - You punk.
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Yeah so you're definitely right.
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- Yeah. - It ruptured when the water is coming back right?
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- Cracks right after it hits the bottom.
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- So Kevin was right. In fact, it turns out that water cavity collapses 10 times faster than it formed, which creates a force higher than the initial hit on the bottle, which is why it doesn't break right away.
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So now that you know the science, if you want to impress your friends with this trick, here are a couple important tips.
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Number one, hit the bottle and not your hand.
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You want to make as much energy from your strike go into moving the bottle and not just being reacted by your hand.
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You can even get the neck of the bottle a little wet and then let it slip a bit when you hit it, just to make sure it's moving.
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Number two, like we discovered, use water or something non-carbonated.
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Otherwise, the carbonation just fills in that vacuum and cushions the rebound force.
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Number three, a liquid with a high vapor pressure is good.
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If you use a liquid with a high vapor pressure that means the vacuum you need at the bottom of the bottle will form much easier, so hot water is a lot better than cold water because the vapor pressure's higher.
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Nail polish remover also works well for the same reason.
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Number four, be safe, this is glass, and glass can cut you if you're not careful where it lands.
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Number five, don't chicken out.
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It hurts way more if you don't follow through.
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Plus you look like this.
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- Oh, I heard it. Did it hurt?
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 B2 级别的口语课以视频“Bare Hand Bottle Busting- Science Investigation”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：bottle, break, vacuum, liquid, bottom。 这段视频共有 57 个句子、948 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 5:25。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 175 个词，接近日常对话。 85% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| vacuum 名词 | /ˈvæ.kjuːm/ | 真空 |
| vapor 名词 | /ˈveɪpɚ/ | 蒸氣 /蒸气 |
| bubble 名词 | /ˈbʌbəl/ | 泡, 氣泡 /气泡 |
| snowball 名词 | /ˈsnoʊbɔl/ | 雪球 |
| sparkling 形容词 | /ˈspɑɹkl̩ɪŋ/ | 氣泡 /气泡 |
| isolate 动词 | /ˈaɪ.sə.leɪt/ | 孤立 |
| backyard 名词 | /bækˈjɑːd/ | 後院 /后院 |
| blower 名词 | /ˈbloʊ.ɚ/ | 鼓風機 /鼓风机 |
| mallet 名词 | /ˈmælɪt/ | 槌, 木槌 |
| rupture 名词 | /ˈɹʌpt͡ʃɚ/ | 破裂 |
| superpower 名词 | 超級大國 /超级大国 | |
| cushion 名词 | /ˈkʊʃən/ | 墊子 /垫子, 軟墊 /软垫 |
| cavity 名词 | /ˈkæv.ɪt.i/ | 腔 |
| believer 名词 | /bɪˈlivɚ/ | 信徒, 教徒 |
| dense 形容词 | /ˈdɛns/ | 密, 稠密 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| figure out 动词 | 弄清楚 |
| turn out 动词 | 原來 /原来 |
| break out 动词 | 逃出 |
| come back 动词 | 回來 /回来, 返回 |
| find out 动词 | 找出, 查明 |
| go back 动词 | 回去, 返回 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | I've heard · we've put · we've isolated |
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | is filled · is carbonated · is confirmed |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 30 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 we're, don't, gonna。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- 长单词——注意重音位置: carbonated /ˈkɑɹ.bəˌneɪ.təd/, momentum /ˌmə(ʊ)ˈmɛntəm/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: vacuum /ˈvæ.kjuːm/, vapor /ˈveɪpɚ/, cavity /ˈkæv.ɪt.i/, believer /bɪˈlivɚ/, convert /kənˈvɝt/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: carbonated /ˈkɑɹ.bəˌneɪ.təd/, rebound /ˈɹi.baʊnd/, isolate /ˈaɪ.sə.leɪt/, backyard /bækˈjɑːd/, mallet /ˈmælɪt/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: sparkling /ˈspɑɹkl̩ɪŋ/, precisely /pɹɪˈsaɪs.li/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 vacuum, vapor, bubble 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。