跟读练习: How do chameleons change color? | But Why Bites - 通过视频学习英语口语
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How do chameleons change color?
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You've probably heard that chameleons change color to blend into their background and hide.
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But new research shows they're more often adjusting appearance in order to regulate their body temperature or to communicate.
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Chameleons can't just match the pattern of any environment they find themselves in.
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And to be honest, they usually don't have to.
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They're already pretty well camouflaged.
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They can get a little lighter or darker, though, to better match their surroundings.
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And since lizards are ectothermic, meaning they can't regulate their own body temperature,
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they sometimes change their hue to help them absorb more or less sunlight.
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But their most dramatic color changes are saved for communication, to attract a mate or defend their territory.
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To make bold colors, chameleons have special nano -crystals in their skin
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that they can move closer together or farther apart by tensing and relaxing.
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Changing the positions of those crystals allows them to reflect different wavelengths of light, making them appear different colors.
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Wish I could do that!
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To find out more about But Why and listen to our full episodes, go to butwhykids .org.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 A2 级别的口语课以视频“How do chameleons change color?”为素材。 这段视频共有 15 个句子、189 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 1:15。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 151 个词，接近日常对话。 80% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| crystal 名词 | /ˈkɹɪstəl/ | 結晶 /结晶 |
| regulate 动词 | /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.leɪt/ | 調節 /调节 |
| defend 动词 | /dɪˈfɪnd/ | 保衛 /保卫, 守衛 /守卫 |
| dramatic 形容词 | /dɹəˈmætɪk/ | 戲劇的 /戏剧的 |
| reflect 动词 | /ɹɪˈflɛkt/ | 反映, 反射 |
| relax 动词 | /ɹɪˈlæks/ | 鬆開 /松开, 放鬆 /放松 |
| bold 形容词 | /ˈbəʊld/ | 膽大 /胆大, 勇敢 |
| attract 动词 | /əˈtɹækt/ | 吸引 |
| adjust 动词 | /əˈd͡ʒʌst/ | 調整 /调整 |
| tense 名词 | /tɛns/ | 時態 /时态, 時制 /时制 |
| sunlight 名词 | /ˈsʌnˌlaɪt/ | 陽光 /阳光, 日光 |
| absorb 动词 | /æbˈsɔɹb/ | 吸收 |
| surroundings 名词 | /səˈɹaʊndɪŋz/ | 周圍 /周围 |
| lizard 名词 | /ˈlɪzɚd/ | 蜥蜴 |
| chameleon 名词 | /kəˈmi.li.ən/ | 變色龍 /变色龙, 變色蜥蜴 /变色蜥蜴 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| find out 动词 | 找出, 查明 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | You've probably heard |
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | are saved |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 6 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 can't, they're, don't。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- 长单词——注意重音位置: communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/, chameleon /kəˈmi.li.ən/, nanotechnology /ˌnænoʊtɛkˈnɑləd͡ʒi/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: regulate /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.leɪt/, defend /dɪˈfɪnd/, dramatic /dɹəˈmætɪk/, reflect /ɹɪˈflɛkt/, relax /ɹɪˈlæks/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: crystal /ˈkɹɪstəl/, regulate /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.leɪt/, reflect /ɹɪˈflɛkt/, relax /ɹɪˈlæks/
- /æ/ — 嘴张大，不要读成 /e/: dramatic /dɹəˈmætɪk/, relax /ɹɪˈlæks/, attract /əˈtɹækt/, absorb /æbˈsɔɹb/, camouflage /ˈkæ.məˌflɑːʒ/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 crystal, regulate, defend 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。