跟读练习: Climate Change: Crash Course Kids #41.2 - 通过视频学习英语口语

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Hey, what's the difference between weather and climate?

You can't weather a tree, but you can CLIMB IT.

But you already know the difference between weather and climate.

And if it slipped your mind, psst, the definitions are right there.

You know that the weather can change quickly, but climate can also change, just more slowly.

And if you're good at putting two and two together, and I know you are, you probably already noticed that we use some of the same words when we talk about climate and environment.

Words like temperature and rainfall.

Coincidence?

I think not.

But science demands evidence, my friends.

And while we've already seen that living things can change when environments change, we need to ask, how might a change in climate affect an ecosystem?

First, let's talk climates.

Through little me's travels, we found out that Yuma, Arizona had a hot and sunny climate.

We decided this after finding out that although it rained once or twice during my long stay, most of the days were hot and dry.

Now, the plants and animals that live in Yuma's hot, dry, sunny climate have adaptations that help them live in that desert environment.

If we took a hike around Yuma, we might see a cactus.

And if we took a closer and careful look at the cactus, we'd see that its outside is kind of waxy and tough.

This adaptation helps the cactus save water by keeping the water from evaporating into the dry air.

Now, say something happened to Yuma's climate.

Say, over the course of about 20 years, there were even hotter days and less rainfall than before.

When weather patterns change over a long period of time, we call it climate change.

Would the cactus's adaptations be enough then?

Let's find out.

Let's look at some organisms that are part of a desert ecosystem.

We have our friend the cactus, a kangaroo rat, a rattlesnake, and a desert fox.

We can use a handy -dandy food chain model to see how energy flows between living things in this ecosystem.

It would probably look something like this.

The cactus makes energy by photosynthesis, and the energy goes from the cactus to the rat, then to the snake, and then to the fox.

Now, although the cactus has adaptations that help it store and save water, it still needs rain.

If it doesn't get enough in a drier climate, it's not going to have anything to store, and it's not going to be able to survive.

And you know what happens when we take out the bottom of the food chain?

It's like taking the wrong block in Jenga.

We throw the rest of the ecosystem off balance.

But that's not the only problem.

Less rain and hotter temperatures mean less water to drink for all of the animals.

And although they have adaptations too, like scales to help them retain water, that won't be enough to let them fit into a much hotter and drier climate.

And globally, the climate is changing.

Scientists who study climate change think that it's caused in part by changes to the Earth's atmosphere.

An increase in gases, like carbon dioxide, is trapping more heat close to the Earth, acting like a blanket and making the Earth warmer.

But scientists are hard at work trying to find solutions to climate change.

For example, they're looking at ways to keep too much carbon dioxide from entering the atmosphere.

So, all living things that make up the Earth's biosphere have adaptations, characteristics that help them fit into their environment.

Long -term changes in the Earth's weather patterns, called climate change, may have effects on the living things that make up ecosystems.

Now if only I could change that joke I told at the beginning of this video.

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FOR YOU

本课的词汇与口语要点

这段视频共有 44 个句子、637 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 3:30。说话人语速较快，每分钟约 182 个词，会出现较多连读和弱读。 85% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中 15 个不太常见的单词，附发音和释义：

ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/ (名词) — 生態系 /生态系, 生態系統 /生态系统. A system formed by an ecological community and its environment that functions as a unit.
desert /ˈdɛz.ɚt/ (名词) — гуәбый, гуәбыйтан. A barren area of land or desolate terrain, especially one with little water or vegetation; a wasteland.
atmosphere /ˈætməsˌfɪɹ/ (名词) — 大氣 /大气, 氣圈 /气圈. The gases surrounding the Earth or any astronomical body.
scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/ (名词) — 科學家 /科学家. One whose activities make use of the scientific method to answer questions regarding the measurable universe. A scientist may be involved in original research…
sunny /ˈsʌni/ (形容词) — 晴朗. Featuring a lot of sunshine.
rainfall (名词) — 雨量, 降雨量. The amount of rain that falls on a single occasion
dioxide /daɪˈɑksaɪd/ (名词) — 二氧化物. Any oxide containing two oxygen atoms in each molecule.
trap /tɹæp/ (名词) — 陷阱, 圈套. A machine or other device designed to catch (and sometimes kill) animals, either by holding them in a container, or by catching hold of part of the body.
slip /ˈslɪp/ (动词) — 滑. To lose one’s traction on a slippery surface; to slide due to a lack of friction.
snake /sneɪk/ (名词) — шә, чончун. Any of the suborder Serpentes of legless reptiles with long, thin bodies and fork-shaped tongues.
retain /ɹəˈteɪn/ (动词) — 留班, 留級 /留级. Often followed by from: to hold back (someone or something); to check, to prevent, to restrain, to stop.
blanket /ˈblæŋ.kɪt/ (名词) — 毯子. A heavy, loosely woven fabric, usually large and woollen, used for warmth while sleeping or resting.
characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/ (名词) — 特性, 特質 /特质. A distinguishing feature of a person or thing, a part of mental or physical behavior.
coincidence /kəʊˈɪnsɪdəns/ (名词) — 巧合. The property of being coincident, occurring at the same time or place.
hike /haɪk/ (名词) — 遠足 /远足. A long walk, usually for pleasure or exercise.

视频中出现的短语动词

find out (动词) — 找出, 查明. To discover, as by asking or investigating.
look at (动词) — 觀察 /观察, 看. To observe or watch.
make up /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ (动词) — 組成 /组成. To constitute, to compose.
take out (动词) — 取出. To remove.

需要注意的发音

说话人用了 7 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 can't, doesn't, they're。请按听到的简短形式来说。

长单词——注意重音位置: adaptation /ˌæd.æpˈteɪ.ʃən/, ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, coincidence /kəʊˈɪnsɪdəns/, organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 ecosystem, desert, atmosphere 这类单词。

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构	视频中的用法
用 “might / may” 表可能 might/may + 动词 — 有可能但不确定的事	might see · may have
现在进行时 am/is/are + -ing — 此刻或近期正在发生的事	is changing · is trapping · they're looking

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

跟读练习: Climate Change: Crash Course Kids #41.2 - 通过视频学习英语口语

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