Pratica di Shadowing: Climate Change: Crash Course Kids #41.2 - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
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1
Hey, what's the difference between weather and climate?
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You can't weather a tree, but you can CLIMB IT.
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But you already know the difference between weather and climate.
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And if it slipped your mind, psst, the definitions are right there.
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You know that the weather can change quickly, but climate can also change, just more slowly.
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And if you're good at putting two and two together, and I know you are, you probably already noticed that we use some of the same words when we talk about climate and environment.
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Words like temperature and rainfall.
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Coincidence?
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I think not.
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But science demands evidence, my friends.
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And while we've already seen that living things can change when environments change, we need to ask, how might a change in climate affect an ecosystem?
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First, let's talk climates.
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Through little me's travels, we found out that Yuma, Arizona had a hot and sunny climate.
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We decided this after finding out that although it rained once or twice during my long stay, most of the days were hot and dry.
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Now, the plants and animals that live in Yuma's hot, dry, sunny climate have adaptations that help them live in that desert environment.
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If we took a hike around Yuma, we might see a cactus.
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And if we took a closer and careful look at the cactus, we'd see that its outside is kind of waxy and tough.
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This adaptation helps the cactus save water by keeping the water from evaporating into the dry air.
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Now, say something happened to Yuma's climate.
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Say, over the course of about 20 years, there were even hotter days and less rainfall than before.
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When weather patterns change over a long period of time, we call it climate change.
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Would the cactus's adaptations be enough then?
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Let's find out.
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Let's look at some organisms that are part of a desert ecosystem.
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We have our friend the cactus, a kangaroo rat, a rattlesnake, and a desert fox.
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We can use a handy -dandy food chain model to see how energy flows between living things in this ecosystem.
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It would probably look something like this.
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The cactus makes energy by photosynthesis, and the energy goes from the cactus to the rat, then to the snake, and then to the fox.
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Now, although the cactus has adaptations that help it store and save water, it still needs rain.
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If it doesn't get enough in a drier climate, it's not going to have anything to store, and it's not going to be able to survive.
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And you know what happens when we take out the bottom of the food chain?
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It's like taking the wrong block in Jenga.
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We throw the rest of the ecosystem off balance.
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But that's not the only problem.
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Less rain and hotter temperatures mean less water to drink for all of the animals.
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And although they have adaptations too, like scales to help them retain water, that won't be enough to let them fit into a much hotter and drier climate.
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And globally, the climate is changing.
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Scientists who study climate change think that it's caused in part by changes to the Earth's atmosphere.
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An increase in gases, like carbon dioxide, is trapping more heat close to the Earth, acting like a blanket and making the Earth warmer.
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But scientists are hard at work trying to find solutions to climate change.
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For example, they're looking at ways to keep too much carbon dioxide from entering the atmosphere.
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So, all living things that make up the Earth's biosphere have adaptations, characteristics that help them fit into their environment.
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Long -term changes in the Earth's weather patterns, called climate change, may have effects on the living things that make up ecosystems.
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Now if only I could change that joke I told at the beginning of this video.
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questo video contiene 44 frasi e 637 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 3:30. Chi parla va veloce, circa 182 parole al minuto: aspettati suoni legati e ridotti. Il 85% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese; conviene studiare le altre prima di iniziare.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
15 parole meno comuni del video, con pronuncia e significato:
- ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/ (sostantivo) — ecosistema. A system formed by an ecological community and its environment that functions as a unit.
- desert /ˈdɛz.ɚt/ (sostantivo) — deserto. A barren area of land or desolate terrain, especially one with little water or vegetation; a wasteland.
- atmosphere /ˈætməsˌfɪɹ/ (sostantivo) — atmosfera. The gases surrounding the Earth or any astronomical body.
- scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/ (sostantivo) — scienziato, scienziata. One whose activities make use of the scientific method to answer questions regarding the measurable universe. A scientist may be involved in original research…
- sunny /ˈsʌni/ (aggettivo) — soleggiato, soleggiata. Featuring a lot of sunshine.
- rainfall (sostantivo) — acquazzone, rovescio. The amount of rain that falls on a single occasion
- dioxide /daɪˈɑksaɪd/ (sostantivo) — diossido, biossido. Any oxide containing two oxygen atoms in each molecule.
- trap /tɹæp/ (sostantivo) — trappola, tranello. A machine or other device designed to catch (and sometimes kill) animals, either by holding them in a container, or by catching hold of part of the body.
- slip /ˈslɪp/ (verbo) — scivolare, sdrucciolare. To lose one’s traction on a slippery surface; to slide due to a lack of friction.
- snake /sneɪk/ (sostantivo) — serpente, serpe. Any of the suborder Serpentes of legless reptiles with long, thin bodies and fork-shaped tongues.
- blanket /ˈblæŋ.kɪt/ (sostantivo) — coperta. A heavy, loosely woven fabric, usually large and woollen, used for warmth while sleeping or resting.
- characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/ (sostantivo) — caratteristica. A distinguishing feature of a person or thing, a part of mental or physical behavior.
- coincidence /kəʊˈɪnsɪdəns/ (sostantivo) — coincidenza. The property of being coincident, occurring at the same time or place.
- hike /haɪk/ (sostantivo) — camminata, passeggiata. A long walk, usually for pleasure or exercise.
- globally /ˈɡloʊbəli/ (avverbio) — globalmente. In all places or situations.
I phrasal verb che sentirai
- find out (verbo) — scoprire. To discover, as by asking or investigating.
- look at (verbo) — guardare. To observe or watch.
- make up /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ (verbo) — comporsi. To constitute, to compose.
- take out (verbo) — cavare, cacciare. To remove.
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 7 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come can't, doesn't, they're. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: adaptation /ˌæd.æpˈteɪ.ʃən/, ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, coincidence /kəʊˈɪnsɪdəns/, organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Inizia a velocità 0,75×, fai shadowing frase per frase e torna alla velocità normale quando diventa facile.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come ecosystem, desert, atmosphere.
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Possibilità con “might / may” might/may + verbo — qualcosa di possibile ma non certo | might see · may have |
| Present continuous am/is/are + -ing — qualcosa che succede adesso o in questo periodo | is changing · is trapping · they're looking |
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.