تدريب Shadowing: Climate Change: Crash Course Kids #41.2 - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو

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Hey, what's the difference between weather and climate?
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You can't weather a tree, but you can CLIMB IT.
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But you already know the difference between weather and climate.
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And if it slipped your mind, psst, the definitions are right there.
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You know that the weather can change quickly, but climate can also change, just more slowly.
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And if you're good at putting two and two together, and I know you are, you probably already noticed that we use some of the same words when we talk about climate and environment.
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Words like temperature and rainfall.
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Coincidence?
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I think not.
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But science demands evidence, my friends.
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And while we've already seen that living things can change when environments change, we need to ask, how might a change in climate affect an ecosystem?
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First, let's talk climates.
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Through little me's travels, we found out that Yuma, Arizona had a hot and sunny climate.
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We decided this after finding out that although it rained once or twice during my long stay, most of the days were hot and dry.
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Now, the plants and animals that live in Yuma's hot, dry, sunny climate have adaptations that help them live in that desert environment.
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If we took a hike around Yuma, we might see a cactus.
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And if we took a closer and careful look at the cactus, we'd see that its outside is kind of waxy and tough.
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This adaptation helps the cactus save water by keeping the water from evaporating into the dry air.
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Now, say something happened to Yuma's climate.
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Say, over the course of about 20 years, there were even hotter days and less rainfall than before.
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When weather patterns change over a long period of time, we call it climate change.
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Would the cactus's adaptations be enough then?
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Let's find out.
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Let's look at some organisms that are part of a desert ecosystem.
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We have our friend the cactus, a kangaroo rat, a rattlesnake, and a desert fox.
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We can use a handy -dandy food chain model to see how energy flows between living things in this ecosystem.
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It would probably look something like this.
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The cactus makes energy by photosynthesis, and the energy goes from the cactus to the rat, then to the snake, and then to the fox.
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Now, although the cactus has adaptations that help it store and save water, it still needs rain.
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If it doesn't get enough in a drier climate, it's not going to have anything to store, and it's not going to be able to survive.
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And you know what happens when we take out the bottom of the food chain?
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It's like taking the wrong block in Jenga.
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We throw the rest of the ecosystem off balance.
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But that's not the only problem.
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Less rain and hotter temperatures mean less water to drink for all of the animals.
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And although they have adaptations too, like scales to help them retain water, that won't be enough to let them fit into a much hotter and drier climate.
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And globally, the climate is changing.
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Scientists who study climate change think that it's caused in part by changes to the Earth's atmosphere.
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An increase in gases, like carbon dioxide, is trapping more heat close to the Earth, acting like a blanket and making the Earth warmer.
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But scientists are hard at work trying to find solutions to climate change.
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For example, they're looking at ways to keep too much carbon dioxide from entering the atmosphere.
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So, all living things that make up the Earth's biosphere have adaptations, characteristics that help them fit into their environment.
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Long -term changes in the Earth's weather patterns, called climate change, may have effects on the living things that make up ecosystems.
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Now if only I could change that joke I told at the beginning of this video.

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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس

يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 44 جملة و637 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 3:30. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة، نحو 182 كلمة في الدقيقة، لذا ستسمع كثيرًا من وصل الكلمات واختزال الأصوات. 85% من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، ويُستحسن مراجعة الباقي قبل البدء.

أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو

15 كلمة أقل شيوعًا من الفيديو، مع النطق والمعنى:

  • ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/ (اسم) — نِظَام بِيئِي. A system formed by an ecological community and its environment that functions as a unit.
  • desert /ˈdɛz.ɚt/ (اسم) — صَحْرَاء, صحرة. A barren area of land or desolate terrain, especially one with little water or vegetation; a wasteland.
  • atmosphere /ˈætməsˌfɪɹ/ (اسم) — جَو, غِلَاف جَوِّيّ. The gases surrounding the Earth or any astronomical body.
  • scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/ (اسم) — عَالِم, عَالِمَة. One whose activities make use of the scientific method to answer questions regarding the measurable universe. A scientist may be involved in original research…
  • sunny /ˈsʌni/ (صفة) — مُشْمِس, شَامِس. Featuring a lot of sunshine.
  • trap /tɹæp/ (اسم) — فَخّ, مِصْيَدَة. A machine or other device designed to catch (and sometimes kill) animals, either by holding them in a container, or by catching hold of part of the body.
  • slip /ˈslɪp/ (فعل) — اِنْزَلَقَ. To lose one’s traction on a slippery surface; to slide due to a lack of friction.
  • snake /sneɪk/ (اسم) — ثُعْبَان, حَنَش. Any of the suborder Serpentes of legless reptiles with long, thin bodies and fork-shaped tongues.
  • blanket /ˈblæŋ.kɪt/ (اسم) — لِحَاف, بَطَّانِيَّة. A heavy, loosely woven fabric, usually large and woollen, used for warmth while sleeping or resting.
  • characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/ (اسم) — صِفَة. A distinguishing feature of a person or thing, a part of mental or physical behavior.
  • coincidence /kəʊˈɪnsɪdəns/ (اسم) — صُدْفَة, مُصَادَفَة. The property of being coincident, occurring at the same time or place.
  • organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/ (اسم) — كَائِن حَيّ. A discrete and complete living thing, such as animal, plant, fungus or microorganism.
  • kangaroo /ˌkæŋ.ɡəˈɹu/ (اسم) — كَنْغَر. A member of the Macropodidae family of large marsupials with strong hind legs for hopping, native to Australia and New Guinea.
  • cactus /ˈkæktəs/ (اسم) — صَبَّار. Any member of the family Cactaceae, a family of flowering New World succulent plants suited to a hot, semi-desert climate.
  • evaporate /ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt/ (فعل) — تَبَخَّرَ. To transition from a liquid state into a gaseous state.

الأفعال المركبة التي ستسمعها

  • look at (فعل) — نَظَرَ. To observe or watch.
  • take out (فعل) — أَخْرَجَ. To remove.
  • talk about (فعل) — تَكَلَّمَ فِي, تَكَلَّمَ عَلَى. Used to draw attention to the speaker's characterization of someone or something.

نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه

يستخدم المتحدث 7 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل can't, doesn't, they're. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.

  • الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: adaptation /ˌæd.æpˈteɪ.ʃən/, ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, coincidence /kəʊˈɪnsɪdəns/, organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/

كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو

  1. استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
  2. ابدأ بسرعة 0.75×، وردّد جملة جملة، ثم عُد إلى السرعة العادية عندما يصبح الأمر سهلًا.
  3. سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل ecosystem, desert, atmosphere.

القواعد في هذا الفيديو

أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:

التركيبفي الفيديو
الاحتمال بـ “might / may” might/may + فعل — شيء ممكن لكنه غير مؤكدmight see · may have
المضارع المستمر am/is/are + -ing — شيء يحدث الآن أو في هذه الفترةis changing · is trapping · they're looking

ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟

التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.

تقنية الشادوينغ: اقرأ الدليل الكامل خطوة بخطوة →