シャドーイング練習: Climate Change: Crash Course Kids #41.2 - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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Hey, what's the difference between weather and climate?

You can't weather a tree, but you can CLIMB IT.

But you already know the difference between weather and climate.

And if it slipped your mind, psst, the definitions are right there.

You know that the weather can change quickly, but climate can also change, just more slowly.

And if you're good at putting two and two together, and I know you are, you probably already noticed that we use some of the same words when we talk about climate and environment.

Words like temperature and rainfall.

Coincidence?

I think not.

But science demands evidence, my friends.

And while we've already seen that living things can change when environments change, we need to ask, how might a change in climate affect an ecosystem?

First, let's talk climates.

Through little me's travels, we found out that Yuma, Arizona had a hot and sunny climate.

We decided this after finding out that although it rained once or twice during my long stay, most of the days were hot and dry.

Now, the plants and animals that live in Yuma's hot, dry, sunny climate have adaptations that help them live in that desert environment.

If we took a hike around Yuma, we might see a cactus.

And if we took a closer and careful look at the cactus, we'd see that its outside is kind of waxy and tough.

This adaptation helps the cactus save water by keeping the water from evaporating into the dry air.

Now, say something happened to Yuma's climate.

Say, over the course of about 20 years, there were even hotter days and less rainfall than before.

When weather patterns change over a long period of time, we call it climate change.

Would the cactus's adaptations be enough then?

Let's find out.

Let's look at some organisms that are part of a desert ecosystem.

We have our friend the cactus, a kangaroo rat, a rattlesnake, and a desert fox.

We can use a handy -dandy food chain model to see how energy flows between living things in this ecosystem.

It would probably look something like this.

The cactus makes energy by photosynthesis, and the energy goes from the cactus to the rat, then to the snake, and then to the fox.

Now, although the cactus has adaptations that help it store and save water, it still needs rain.

If it doesn't get enough in a drier climate, it's not going to have anything to store, and it's not going to be able to survive.

And you know what happens when we take out the bottom of the food chain?

It's like taking the wrong block in Jenga.

We throw the rest of the ecosystem off balance.

But that's not the only problem.

Less rain and hotter temperatures mean less water to drink for all of the animals.

And although they have adaptations too, like scales to help them retain water, that won't be enough to let them fit into a much hotter and drier climate.

And globally, the climate is changing.

Scientists who study climate change think that it's caused in part by changes to the Earth's atmosphere.

An increase in gases, like carbon dioxide, is trapping more heat close to the Earth, acting like a blanket and making the Earth warmer.

But scientists are hard at work trying to find solutions to climate change.

For example, they're looking at ways to keep too much carbon dioxide from entering the atmosphere.

So, all living things that make up the Earth's biosphere have adaptations, characteristics that help them fit into their environment.

Long -term changes in the Earth's weather patterns, called climate change, may have effects on the living things that make up ecosystems.

Now if only I could change that joke I told at the beginning of this video.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が44文、単語が637語あります。音声の長さは3:30です。話す速さは速く、1分あたり約182語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。単語の85%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくるやや難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/ (名詞) — 生態系. A system formed by an ecological community and its environment that functions as a unit.
desert /ˈdɛz.ɚt/ (名詞) — 砂漠, 荒野. A barren area of land or desolate terrain, especially one with little water or vegetation; a wasteland.
atmosphere /ˈætməsˌfɪɹ/ (名詞) — 大気, 大気圏. The gases surrounding the Earth or any astronomical body.
scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/ (名詞) — 科学者. One whose activities make use of the scientific method to answer questions regarding the measurable universe. A scientist may be involved in original research…
sunny /ˈsʌni/ (形容詞) — 晴れた. Featuring a lot of sunshine.
rainfall (名詞) — 降雨量, 雨量. The amount of rain that falls on a single occasion
dioxide /daɪˈɑksaɪd/ (名詞) — 二酸化物. Any oxide containing two oxygen atoms in each molecule.
trap /tɹæp/ (名詞) — 罠. A machine or other device designed to catch (and sometimes kill) animals, either by holding them in a container, or by catching hold of part of the body.
slip /ˈslɪp/ (動詞) — 滑る. To lose one’s traction on a slippery surface; to slide due to a lack of friction.
snake /sneɪk/ (名詞) — 蛇, ヘビ. Any of the suborder Serpentes of legless reptiles with long, thin bodies and fork-shaped tongues.
blanket /ˈblæŋ.kɪt/ (名詞) — 毛布. A heavy, loosely woven fabric, usually large and woollen, used for warmth while sleeping or resting.
characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/ (名詞) — 特性, 特徴. A distinguishing feature of a person or thing, a part of mental or physical behavior.
coincidence /kəʊˈɪnsɪdəns/ (名詞) — 一致, 偶然. The property of being coincident, occurring at the same time or place.
hike /haɪk/ (名詞) — 散策, ハイキング. A long walk, usually for pleasure or exercise.
organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/ (名詞) — 生物, 有機体. A discrete and complete living thing, such as animal, plant, fungus or microorganism.

動画に出てくる句動詞

find out (動詞) — 見出す, 調べる. To discover, as by asking or investigating.
take out (動詞) — 取り出す. To remove.

注意したい発音

話し手はcan't, doesn't, they'reなど、短縮形や弱形を7回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: adaptation /ˌæd.æpˈteɪ.ʃən/, ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, coincidence /kəʊˈɪnsɪdəns/, organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。ecosystem, desert, atmosphereなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
「might / may」による可能性 might/may + 動詞 — 起こりうるが確実ではないこと	might see · may have
現在進行形 am/is/are + -ing — 今まさに、または最近起きていること	is changing · is trapping · they're looking

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: Climate Change: Crash Course Kids #41.2 - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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