跟讀練習: Climate Change: Crash Course Kids #41.2 - 通過影片學習英語口語

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Hey, what's the difference between weather and climate?

You can't weather a tree, but you can CLIMB IT.

But you already know the difference between weather and climate.

And if it slipped your mind, psst, the definitions are right there.

You know that the weather can change quickly, but climate can also change, just more slowly.

And if you're good at putting two and two together, and I know you are, you probably already noticed that we use some of the same words when we talk about climate and environment.

Words like temperature and rainfall.

Coincidence?

I think not.

But science demands evidence, my friends.

And while we've already seen that living things can change when environments change, we need to ask, how might a change in climate affect an ecosystem?

First, let's talk climates.

Through little me's travels, we found out that Yuma, Arizona had a hot and sunny climate.

We decided this after finding out that although it rained once or twice during my long stay, most of the days were hot and dry.

Now, the plants and animals that live in Yuma's hot, dry, sunny climate have adaptations that help them live in that desert environment.

If we took a hike around Yuma, we might see a cactus.

And if we took a closer and careful look at the cactus, we'd see that its outside is kind of waxy and tough.

This adaptation helps the cactus save water by keeping the water from evaporating into the dry air.

Now, say something happened to Yuma's climate.

Say, over the course of about 20 years, there were even hotter days and less rainfall than before.

When weather patterns change over a long period of time, we call it climate change.

Would the cactus's adaptations be enough then?

Let's find out.

Let's look at some organisms that are part of a desert ecosystem.

We have our friend the cactus, a kangaroo rat, a rattlesnake, and a desert fox.

We can use a handy -dandy food chain model to see how energy flows between living things in this ecosystem.

It would probably look something like this.

The cactus makes energy by photosynthesis, and the energy goes from the cactus to the rat, then to the snake, and then to the fox.

Now, although the cactus has adaptations that help it store and save water, it still needs rain.

If it doesn't get enough in a drier climate, it's not going to have anything to store, and it's not going to be able to survive.

And you know what happens when we take out the bottom of the food chain?

It's like taking the wrong block in Jenga.

We throw the rest of the ecosystem off balance.

But that's not the only problem.

Less rain and hotter temperatures mean less water to drink for all of the animals.

And although they have adaptations too, like scales to help them retain water, that won't be enough to let them fit into a much hotter and drier climate.

And globally, the climate is changing.

Scientists who study climate change think that it's caused in part by changes to the Earth's atmosphere.

An increase in gases, like carbon dioxide, is trapping more heat close to the Earth, acting like a blanket and making the Earth warmer.

But scientists are hard at work trying to find solutions to climate change.

For example, they're looking at ways to keep too much carbon dioxide from entering the atmosphere.

So, all living things that make up the Earth's biosphere have adaptations, characteristics that help them fit into their environment.

Long -term changes in the Earth's weather patterns, called climate change, may have effects on the living things that make up ecosystems.

Now if only I could change that joke I told at the beginning of this video.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這段影片共有 44 個句子、637 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 3:30。說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 182 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。 85% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中 15 個不太常見的單詞，附發音和釋義：

ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/ (名詞) — 生態系 /生態系, 生態系統 /生態系統. A system formed by an ecological community and its environment that functions as a unit.
desert /ˈdɛz.ɚt/ (名詞) — гуәбый, гуәбыйтан. A barren area of land or desolate terrain, especially one with little water or vegetation; a wasteland.
atmosphere /ˈætməsˌfɪɹ/ (名詞) — 大氣 /大氣, 氣圈 /氣圈. The gases surrounding the Earth or any astronomical body.
scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/ (名詞) — 科學家 /科學家. One whose activities make use of the scientific method to answer questions regarding the measurable universe. A scientist may be involved in original research…
sunny /ˈsʌni/ (形容詞) — 晴朗. Featuring a lot of sunshine.
rainfall (名詞) — 雨量, 降雨量. The amount of rain that falls on a single occasion
dioxide /daɪˈɑksaɪd/ (名詞) — 二氧化物. Any oxide containing two oxygen atoms in each molecule.
trap /tɹæp/ (名詞) — 陷阱, 圈套. A machine or other device designed to catch (and sometimes kill) animals, either by holding them in a container, or by catching hold of part of the body.
slip /ˈslɪp/ (動詞) — 滑. To lose one’s traction on a slippery surface; to slide due to a lack of friction.
snake /sneɪk/ (名詞) — шә, чончун. Any of the suborder Serpentes of legless reptiles with long, thin bodies and fork-shaped tongues.
retain /ɹəˈteɪn/ (動詞) — 留班, 留級 /留級. Often followed by from: to hold back (someone or something); to check, to prevent, to restrain, to stop.
blanket /ˈblæŋ.kɪt/ (名詞) — 毯子. A heavy, loosely woven fabric, usually large and woollen, used for warmth while sleeping or resting.
characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/ (名詞) — 特性, 特質 /特質. A distinguishing feature of a person or thing, a part of mental or physical behavior.
coincidence /kəʊˈɪnsɪdəns/ (名詞) — 巧合. The property of being coincident, occurring at the same time or place.
hike /haɪk/ (名詞) — 遠足 /遠足. A long walk, usually for pleasure or exercise.

影片中出現的短語動詞

find out (動詞) — 找出, 查明. To discover, as by asking or investigating.
look at (動詞) — 觀察 /觀察, 看. To observe or watch.
make up /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ (動詞) — 組成 /組成. To constitute, to compose.
take out (動詞) — 取出. To remove.

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 7 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 can't, doesn't, they're。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

長單詞——注意重音位置: adaptation /ˌæd.æpˈteɪ.ʃən/, ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, coincidence /kəʊˈɪnsɪdəns/, organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 ecosystem, desert, atmosphere 這類單詞。

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
用 “might / may” 表可能 might/may + 動詞 — 有可能但不確定的事	might see · may have
現在進行時 am/is/are + -ing — 此刻或近期正在發生的事	is changing · is trapping · they're looking

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Climate Change: Crash Course Kids #41.2 - 通過影片學習英語口語

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