跟讀練習: The Engineering Process: Crash Course Kids #12.2 - 通過影片學習英語口語

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I'm going to take a wild guess and say you've probably used the phone.

And I bet you've enjoyed the benefits of a little thing we call air conditioning.

You know who made those things possible?

Engineers.

We were just talking about engineers in our last video, people who design and build things to solve problems, and there are lots of different kinds of engineers.

No matter what type of engineer you want to be though, civil, mechanical, electrical, or a kind that doesn't even exist yet,

there's a series of steps that all engineers follow when they're trying to solve a problem.

This process is called, wait for it, the engineering process.

Makes sense to me.

So what sort of steps are included in the engineering process?

And why do we need it?

Let's go through it step by step and discover how awesome things are made.

First thing you gotta do is just define the problem.

I mean, before you can solve a problem, you have to figure out what it is, right?

For example, back in the 1800s, an engineer named Alexander Graham Bell was trying to come up with a simpler, cheaper way for people to communicate.

Back then, the best you could do was a telegraph, which was an old -fashioned system of sending messages over electrical wires.

Bell identified his problem.

Communicating with people who were far away was expensive and took a lot of time.

So his invention, or solution to this problem, was something you may have heard of.

The telephone.

Nice.

Now, once you've figured out what problem you want to tackle, you need to do your research.

You can start by just making a list of questions you have and what information you need to start answering them.

You can also look around and find what other things already exist that have tried to solve this same problem.

Maybe they can be improved.

A good example here is the man who helped us blow stuff up.

The chemist and engineer Alfred Nobel invented the explosive known as dynamite.

Not because he particularly enjoyed explosions, but because miners and other people who, well, needed to blow stuff up to do their jobs, needed an explosive that was safer to use.

So before he started on that problem, Nobel did research to see what explosives already existed, which ones worked well and which ones didn't.

This takes us to step three, develop a solution.

After your research is done, this is where you say exactly how you think you can solve the problem.

And once you've thought of a good solution, you have to figure out how it'll actually work and what it will look like.

So you have to design your solution.

This is where you get to draw.

Civil engineers always sketch out their ideas, like buildings and bridges and towers, to show what they'll look like when they're done.

Gustave Yiffel designed the famous Eiffel Tower in France, and he definitely showed up on day one of construction knowing exactly what it was going to look like.

On to step five, build a prototype.

A prototype is just a simple model that lets you test out your design.

It can be as big as the real thing's going to be, or it can be a smaller version.

You just need to have a prototype so you can test it.

This may be the most important step in the whole process.

Engineers need to test their design to see if it works like they want it to.

So say if your building's a big tower, does it stand up?

Does it stay standing up?

If you're designing something with moving parts, does it work the way you want?

Now take it from me, my future engineers you might have a great idea, a really terrific solution to a really big problem.

But when you get to this step, your prototype probably won't work exactly the way you want.

At least, not on the first try.

Most engineers test their prototypes over and over and over again.

That's why a lot of time and brainpower goes into the very last step, evaluating your solutions.

Evaluating just means asking yourself whether things are working the way you want, or why they are, or aren't.

I like to think of this step as question everything.

This is when engineers review all of the facts and ask themselves questions, followed by even more questions.

What worked well?

Why did it work?

Why didn't it work?

How could it be made better?

And most of the time, the answers to these questions are going to send you back several steps.

Like, once you've figured out why your prototype wasn't working, you'll have to design a new solution and then build it and then test it again.

Sometimes, engineers go through this process four, five, even six times or more.

Take Willis Carrier, the inventor of modern air conditioning.

He tested his prototypes for years before he figured out the design

that worked the way he wanted and solved the problem he wanted to fix.

Like all engineers, he failed a lot before he succeeded.

And that's okay because he learned something from every failure, which made his product even better in the end.

And I, for one, am glad he kept going.

So the engineering process is a series of steps that engineers, or anyone, should use when they're facing a challenge.

The process is important because it allows engineers to experiment, and also, to fail.

Both of these things give engineers a chance to go back and improve on their original idea, giving us something even better down the road.

So the next time you fail at something, don't feel too bad.

Think about the telephone, and the air conditioner, and the Eiffel Tower.

And then try again.

Thank you.

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真實場景：工程師如何解決問題？

想像一下，你正在觀看一段關於“工程流程”的影片，裡面講述了亞歷山大·格雷厄姆·貝爾如何發明電話，阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾怎樣改進炸藥。這段對話不僅能讓你瞭解工程學知識，更是練習英語聽力和口語的好素材！影片中清晰的發音、自然的語速，非常適合用來做“shadow speech”（影子跟讀）練習，幫你快速提高英語發音和口語流暢度。

必學實用表達&搭配

define the problem：明確問題。比如影片中提到“在解決問題前，必須先define the problem”。
do research：做研究。諾貝爾在發明炸藥前，先對現有炸藥do research。
develop a solution：提出解決方案。工程師們在研究後，就會開始develop a solution。
build a prototype：製作原型。影片中說“prototype是測試設計的簡單模型，必須build a prototype才能知道是否可行”。
evaluate the solution：評估解決方案。這一步需要“question everything”，找出改進的方法。

你的影子跟讀挑戰

現在就開啟影片，找到“First thing you gotta do is just define the problem”這段內容。跟著影片中的發音，逐句進行“英語影子跟讀”練習：先聽一遍原句，然後立刻模仿，注意語速、語調甚至停頓。重複3-5次後，你會發現自己的發音更標準了！如果覺得困難，可以使用“shadowing site”（影子跟讀網站）來輔助練習，比如調整播放速度。堅持每天10分鐘，“shadowspeaks”（影子跟讀）會讓你的口語進步看得見！

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	you've enjoyed · you've figured · have tried
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	is called · are included · are made
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物	people who design · telegraph, which was · people who were
過去進行時 was/were + -ing — 過去某一時刻正在進行的動作	were just talking · was trying · wasn't working

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: The Engineering Process: Crash Course Kids #12.2 - 通過影片學習英語口語

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真實場景：工程師如何解決問題？

必學實用表達&搭配

你的影子跟讀挑戰

影片中的語法

什麼是跟讀法？