शैडोइंग अभ्यास: The Engineering Process: Crash Course Kids #12.2 - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
पाठ बनाया जा रहा है...
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I'm going to take a wild guess and say you've probably used the phone.
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And I bet you've enjoyed the benefits of a little thing we call air conditioning.
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You know who made those things possible?
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Engineers.
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We were just talking about engineers in our last video, people who design and build things to solve problems, and there are lots of different kinds of engineers.
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No matter what type of engineer you want to be though, civil, mechanical, electrical, or a kind that doesn't even exist yet,
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there's a series of steps that all engineers follow when they're trying to solve a problem.
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This process is called, wait for it, the engineering process.
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Makes sense to me.
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So what sort of steps are included in the engineering process?
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And why do we need it?
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Let's go through it step by step and discover how awesome things are made.
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First thing you gotta do is just define the problem.
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I mean, before you can solve a problem, you have to figure out what it is, right?
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For example, back in the 1800s, an engineer named Alexander Graham Bell was trying to come up with a simpler, cheaper way for people to communicate.
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Back then, the best you could do was a telegraph, which was an old -fashioned system of sending messages over electrical wires.
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Bell identified his problem.
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Communicating with people who were far away was expensive and took a lot of time.
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So his invention, or solution to this problem, was something you may have heard of.
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The telephone.
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Nice.
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Now, once you've figured out what problem you want to tackle, you need to do your research.
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You can start by just making a list of questions you have and what information you need to start answering them.
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You can also look around and find what other things already exist that have tried to solve this same problem.
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Maybe they can be improved.
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A good example here is the man who helped us blow stuff up.
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The chemist and engineer Alfred Nobel invented the explosive known as dynamite.
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Not because he particularly enjoyed explosions, but because miners and other people who, well, needed to blow stuff up to do their jobs, needed an explosive that was safer to use.
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So before he started on that problem, Nobel did research to see what explosives already existed, which ones worked well and which ones didn't.
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This takes us to step three, develop a solution.
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After your research is done, this is where you say exactly how you think you can solve the problem.
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And once you've thought of a good solution, you have to figure out how it'll actually work and what it will look like.
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So you have to design your solution.
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This is where you get to draw.
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Civil engineers always sketch out their ideas, like buildings and bridges and towers, to show what they'll look like when they're done.
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Gustave Yiffel designed the famous Eiffel Tower in France, and he definitely showed up on day one of construction knowing exactly what it was going to look like.
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On to step five, build a prototype.
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A prototype is just a simple model that lets you test out your design.
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It can be as big as the real thing's going to be, or it can be a smaller version.
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You just need to have a prototype so you can test it.
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This may be the most important step in the whole process.
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Engineers need to test their design to see if it works like they want it to.
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So say if your building's a big tower, does it stand up?
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Does it stay standing up?
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If you're designing something with moving parts, does it work the way you want?
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Now take it from me, my future engineers you might have a great idea, a really terrific solution to a really big problem.
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But when you get to this step, your prototype probably won't work exactly the way you want.
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At least, not on the first try.
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Most engineers test their prototypes over and over and over again.
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That's why a lot of time and brainpower goes into the very last step, evaluating your solutions.
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Evaluating just means asking yourself whether things are working the way you want, or why they are, or aren't.
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I like to think of this step as question everything.
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This is when engineers review all of the facts and ask themselves questions, followed by even more questions.
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What worked well?
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Why did it work?
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Why didn't it work?
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How could it be made better?
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And most of the time, the answers to these questions are going to send you back several steps.
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Like, once you've figured out why your prototype wasn't working, you'll have to design a new solution and then build it and then test it again.
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Sometimes, engineers go through this process four, five, even six times or more.
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Take Willis Carrier, the inventor of modern air conditioning.
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He tested his prototypes for years before he figured out the design
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that worked the way he wanted and solved the problem he wanted to fix.
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Like all engineers, he failed a lot before he succeeded.
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And that's okay because he learned something from every failure, which made his product even better in the end.
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And I, for one, am glad he kept going.
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So the engineering process is a series of steps that engineers, or anyone, should use when they're facing a challenge.
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The process is important because it allows engineers to experiment, and also, to fail.
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Both of these things give engineers a chance to go back and improve on their original idea, giving us something even better down the road.
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So the next time you fail at something, don't feel too bad.
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Think about the telephone, and the air conditioner, and the Eiffel Tower.
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And then try again.
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Thank you.
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पहली छापें
इस वीडियो में बातचीत का एक अद्भुत उदाहरण है जो अंग्रेजी सीखने वालों के लिए बहुत उपयोगी है। यहाँ इंजीनियरिंग प्रक्रिया के बारे में अच्छे से समझाया गया है, जो न केवल जानकारीपूर्ण है, बल्कि इसे समझने में भी मजेदार है। यह वीडियो तकनीकी विषयों को सरल और स्पष्ट भाषा में प्रस्तुत करता है, जिससे सीखने में आसानी होती है। बच्चों के लिए यह एक रोचक तरीका है, जिसमें वे न केवल सुनते हैं, बल्कि सोचने पर भी मजबूर होते हैं।
इसे तोड़ें
चलो, हम कुछ वाक्यों को तोड़ते हैं और समझते हैं कि ये क्यों स्वाभाविक लगते हैं:
- “पहली चीज़ जो आपको करनी है वह समस्या को परिभाषित करना है।” - इस वाक्य में सीधा और स्पष्ट आदेश है, जो सुनने वाले को तुरंत कार्य करने के लिए प्रेरित करता है।
- “आपको यह पता लगाना होगा कि समस्या क्या है, है ना?” - यहाँ एक सवाल पूछा गया है, जो सुनने वाले को सोचने के लिए मजबूर करता है। यह एक संवादात्मक तरीके से जुड़ने का प्रयास है।
- “एक बार जब आपने अपने समाधान के बारे में सोच लिया, तो आपको यह जानना होगा कि वह कैसे काम करेगा।” - इस वाक्य में भविष्य के कार्यों की दिशा में संकेत दिया गया है, जो सुनने वाले को प्रक्रिया के अगले चरण की ओर ले जाता है।
अभ्यास दिनचर्या
इस वीडियो से अंग्रेजी सीखें के लिए एक सरल अभ्यास करें:
- वीडियो को सुनें और फिर से बोलें।
- महत्वपूर्ण वाक्यों को पहचानें और उन्हें अपने शब्दों में दोहराएं।
- अपना रिकॉर्डिंग उपकरण उपयोग करें ताकि आप अपनी आवाज सुन सकें।
- हर बार जब आप सुनें, तो अपनी उच्चारण और इन्फ्लेक्शन पर ध्यान दें।
यह अंग्रेजी शैडोइंग तकनीक का उपयोग करते हुए आपकी सुनने और बोलने की क्षमता को सुधारने में मदद करेगा। अगर आप नियमित रूप से इस प्रक्रिया का पालन करते हैं, तो आप अपनी अंग्रेजी में सुधार कर पाएंगे। याद रखें, प्रैक्टिस से ही आप बेहतर बनते हैं!
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | is called · are included · are made |
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | you've enjoyed · you've figured · have tried |
| Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी | people who design · telegraph, which was · people who were |
| Past continuous was/were + -ing — बीते समय के किसी क्षण में चल रहा काम | were just talking · was trying · wasn't working |
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।