跟读练习: The Engineering Process: Crash Course Kids #12.2 - 通过视频学习英语口语
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I'm going to take a wild guess and say you've probably used the phone.
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And I bet you've enjoyed the benefits of a little thing we call air conditioning.
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You know who made those things possible?
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Engineers.
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We were just talking about engineers in our last video, people who design and build things to solve problems, and there are lots of different kinds of engineers.
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No matter what type of engineer you want to be though, civil, mechanical, electrical, or a kind that doesn't even exist yet,
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there's a series of steps that all engineers follow when they're trying to solve a problem.
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This process is called, wait for it, the engineering process.
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Makes sense to me.
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So what sort of steps are included in the engineering process?
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And why do we need it?
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Let's go through it step by step and discover how awesome things are made.
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First thing you gotta do is just define the problem.
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I mean, before you can solve a problem, you have to figure out what it is, right?
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For example, back in the 1800s, an engineer named Alexander Graham Bell was trying to come up with a simpler, cheaper way for people to communicate.
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Back then, the best you could do was a telegraph, which was an old -fashioned system of sending messages over electrical wires.
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Bell identified his problem.
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Communicating with people who were far away was expensive and took a lot of time.
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So his invention, or solution to this problem, was something you may have heard of.
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The telephone.
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Nice.
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Now, once you've figured out what problem you want to tackle, you need to do your research.
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You can start by just making a list of questions you have and what information you need to start answering them.
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You can also look around and find what other things already exist that have tried to solve this same problem.
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Maybe they can be improved.
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A good example here is the man who helped us blow stuff up.
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The chemist and engineer Alfred Nobel invented the explosive known as dynamite.
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Not because he particularly enjoyed explosions, but because miners and other people who, well, needed to blow stuff up to do their jobs, needed an explosive that was safer to use.
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So before he started on that problem, Nobel did research to see what explosives already existed, which ones worked well and which ones didn't.
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This takes us to step three, develop a solution.
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After your research is done, this is where you say exactly how you think you can solve the problem.
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And once you've thought of a good solution, you have to figure out how it'll actually work and what it will look like.
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So you have to design your solution.
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This is where you get to draw.
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Civil engineers always sketch out their ideas, like buildings and bridges and towers, to show what they'll look like when they're done.
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Gustave Yiffel designed the famous Eiffel Tower in France, and he definitely showed up on day one of construction knowing exactly what it was going to look like.
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On to step five, build a prototype.
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A prototype is just a simple model that lets you test out your design.
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It can be as big as the real thing's going to be, or it can be a smaller version.
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You just need to have a prototype so you can test it.
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This may be the most important step in the whole process.
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Engineers need to test their design to see if it works like they want it to.
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So say if your building's a big tower, does it stand up?
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Does it stay standing up?
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If you're designing something with moving parts, does it work the way you want?
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Now take it from me, my future engineers you might have a great idea, a really terrific solution to a really big problem.
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But when you get to this step, your prototype probably won't work exactly the way you want.
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At least, not on the first try.
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Most engineers test their prototypes over and over and over again.
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That's why a lot of time and brainpower goes into the very last step, evaluating your solutions.
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Evaluating just means asking yourself whether things are working the way you want, or why they are, or aren't.
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I like to think of this step as question everything.
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This is when engineers review all of the facts and ask themselves questions, followed by even more questions.
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What worked well?
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Why did it work?
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Why didn't it work?
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How could it be made better?
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And most of the time, the answers to these questions are going to send you back several steps.
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Like, once you've figured out why your prototype wasn't working, you'll have to design a new solution and then build it and then test it again.
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Sometimes, engineers go through this process four, five, even six times or more.
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Take Willis Carrier, the inventor of modern air conditioning.
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He tested his prototypes for years before he figured out the design
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that worked the way he wanted and solved the problem he wanted to fix.
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Like all engineers, he failed a lot before he succeeded.
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And that's okay because he learned something from every failure, which made his product even better in the end.
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And I, for one, am glad he kept going.
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So the engineering process is a series of steps that engineers, or anyone, should use when they're facing a challenge.
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The process is important because it allows engineers to experiment, and also, to fail.
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Both of these things give engineers a chance to go back and improve on their original idea, giving us something even better down the road.
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So the next time you fail at something, don't feel too bad.
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Think about the telephone, and the air conditioner, and the Eiffel Tower.
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And then try again.
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Thank you.
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真实场景：工程师如何解决问题？
想象一下，你正在观看一段关于“工程流程”的视频，里面讲述了亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔如何发明电话，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔怎样改进炸药。这段对话不仅能让你了解工程学知识，更是练习英语听力和口语的好素材！视频中清晰的发音、自然的语速，非常适合用来做“shadow speech”（影子跟读）练习，帮你快速提高英语发音和口语流畅度。
必学实用表达&搭配
- define the problem：明确问题。比如视频中提到“在解决问题前，必须先define the problem”。
- do research：做研究。诺贝尔在发明炸药前，先对现有炸药do research。
- develop a solution：提出解决方案。工程师们在研究后，就会开始develop a solution。
- build a prototype：制作原型。视频中说“prototype是测试设计的简单模型，必须build a prototype才能知道是否可行”。
- evaluate the solution：评估解决方案。这一步需要“question everything”，找出改进的方法。
你的影子跟读挑战
现在就打开视频，找到“First thing you gotta do is just define the problem”这段内容。跟着视频中的发音，逐句进行“英语影子跟读”练习：先听一遍原句，然后立刻模仿，注意语速、语调甚至停顿。重复3-5次后，你会发现自己的发音更标准了！如果觉得困难，可以使用“shadowing site”（影子跟读网站）来辅助练习，比如调整播放速度。坚持每天10分钟，“shadowspeaks”（影子跟读）会让你的口语进步看得见！
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | is called · are included · are made |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | you've enjoyed · you've figured · have tried |
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | people who design · telegraph, which was · people who were |
| 过去进行时 was/were + -ing — 过去某一时刻正在进行的动作 | were just talking · was trying · wasn't working |
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。