Pratique du Shadowing: The Engineering Process: Crash Course Kids #12.2 - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Création de la leçon...
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I'm going to take a wild guess and say you've probably used the phone.
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And I bet you've enjoyed the benefits of a little thing we call air conditioning.
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You know who made those things possible?
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Engineers.
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We were just talking about engineers in our last video, people who design and build things to solve problems, and there are lots of different kinds of engineers.
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No matter what type of engineer you want to be though, civil, mechanical, electrical, or a kind that doesn't even exist yet,
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there's a series of steps that all engineers follow when they're trying to solve a problem.
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This process is called, wait for it, the engineering process.
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Makes sense to me.
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So what sort of steps are included in the engineering process?
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And why do we need it?
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Let's go through it step by step and discover how awesome things are made.
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First thing you gotta do is just define the problem.
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I mean, before you can solve a problem, you have to figure out what it is, right?
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For example, back in the 1800s, an engineer named Alexander Graham Bell was trying to come up with a simpler, cheaper way for people to communicate.
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Back then, the best you could do was a telegraph, which was an old -fashioned system of sending messages over electrical wires.
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Bell identified his problem.
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Communicating with people who were far away was expensive and took a lot of time.
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So his invention, or solution to this problem, was something you may have heard of.
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The telephone.
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Nice.
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Now, once you've figured out what problem you want to tackle, you need to do your research.
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You can start by just making a list of questions you have and what information you need to start answering them.
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You can also look around and find what other things already exist that have tried to solve this same problem.
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Maybe they can be improved.
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A good example here is the man who helped us blow stuff up.
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The chemist and engineer Alfred Nobel invented the explosive known as dynamite.
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Not because he particularly enjoyed explosions, but because miners and other people who, well, needed to blow stuff up to do their jobs, needed an explosive that was safer to use.
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So before he started on that problem, Nobel did research to see what explosives already existed, which ones worked well and which ones didn't.
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This takes us to step three, develop a solution.
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After your research is done, this is where you say exactly how you think you can solve the problem.
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And once you've thought of a good solution, you have to figure out how it'll actually work and what it will look like.
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So you have to design your solution.
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This is where you get to draw.
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Civil engineers always sketch out their ideas, like buildings and bridges and towers, to show what they'll look like when they're done.
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Gustave Yiffel designed the famous Eiffel Tower in France, and he definitely showed up on day one of construction knowing exactly what it was going to look like.
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On to step five, build a prototype.
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A prototype is just a simple model that lets you test out your design.
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It can be as big as the real thing's going to be, or it can be a smaller version.
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You just need to have a prototype so you can test it.
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This may be the most important step in the whole process.
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Engineers need to test their design to see if it works like they want it to.
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So say if your building's a big tower, does it stand up?
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Does it stay standing up?
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If you're designing something with moving parts, does it work the way you want?
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Now take it from me, my future engineers you might have a great idea, a really terrific solution to a really big problem.
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But when you get to this step, your prototype probably won't work exactly the way you want.
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At least, not on the first try.
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Most engineers test their prototypes over and over and over again.
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That's why a lot of time and brainpower goes into the very last step, evaluating your solutions.
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Evaluating just means asking yourself whether things are working the way you want, or why they are, or aren't.
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I like to think of this step as question everything.
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This is when engineers review all of the facts and ask themselves questions, followed by even more questions.
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What worked well?
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Why did it work?
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Why didn't it work?
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How could it be made better?
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And most of the time, the answers to these questions are going to send you back several steps.
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Like, once you've figured out why your prototype wasn't working, you'll have to design a new solution and then build it and then test it again.
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Sometimes, engineers go through this process four, five, even six times or more.
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Take Willis Carrier, the inventor of modern air conditioning.
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He tested his prototypes for years before he figured out the design
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that worked the way he wanted and solved the problem he wanted to fix.
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Like all engineers, he failed a lot before he succeeded.
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And that's okay because he learned something from every failure, which made his product even better in the end.
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And I, for one, am glad he kept going.
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So the engineering process is a series of steps that engineers, or anyone, should use when they're facing a challenge.
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The process is important because it allows engineers to experiment, and also, to fail.
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Both of these things give engineers a chance to go back and improve on their original idea, giving us something even better down the road.
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So the next time you fail at something, don't feel too bad.
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Think about the telephone, and the air conditioner, and the Eiffel Tower.
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And then try again.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau A2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « The Engineering Process: Crash Course Kids .2 ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : engineer, step, prototype, solution, process. Cette vidéo contient 73 phrases et 986 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 4:58. Le locuteur parle vite, environ 199 mots par minute : attendez-vous à des liaisons et à des sons réduits. 88 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc facile à suivre. 11 de ses 73 phrases sont des questions : un bon entraînement pour l’intonation interrogative et les réponses courtes.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| prototype nom | /ˈpɹəʊtətaɪp/ | prototype |
| solve verbe | /sɒlv/ | résoudre, régler |
| explosive adjectif | /ɛkˈspləʊsɪv/ | explosif |
| telephone nom | /ˈtɛləˌfoʊn/ | téléphone |
| communicate verbe | /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/ | communiquer |
| evaluate verbe | /ɪˈvaljʊeɪt/ | évaluer |
| wire nom | /ˈwaɪɚ/ | fil |
| discover verbe | /dɪˈskʌvə/ | découvrir |
| experiment nom | /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/ | expérience |
| mechanical adjectif | /məˈkænəkəl/ | mécanique |
| define verbe | /dɪˈfaɪn/ | déterminer |
| explosion nom | /ɛkˈsploʊ.ʒən/ | explosion |
| tackle verbe | /ˈtækəl/ | combattre, affronter |
| invention nom | /ɪnˈvɛnʃən/ | invention |
| sketch nom | /ˈskɛt͡ʃ/ | esquisse |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| figure out verbe | cerner |
| go through verbe | traverser |
| stand up verbe | se lever, se mettre debout |
| come up with verbe | inventer, imaginer |
| go back verbe | rentrer, retourner |
| look around verbe | regarder autour de soi |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | is called · are included · are made |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | you've enjoyed · you've figured · have tried |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | people who design · telegraph, which was · people who were |
| Passé continu was/were + -ing — une action en cours à un moment du passé | were just talking · was trying · wasn't working |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 21 contractions et formes réduites, comme you've, they're, didn't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: explosion /ɛkˈsploʊ.ʒən/, invention /ɪnˈvɛnʃən/, conditioner /kənˈdɪʃənə/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, mechanical /məˈkænəkəl/, conditioner /kənˈdɪʃənə/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: prototype /ˈpɹəʊtətaɪp/, electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, telegraph /ˈtɛl.ɪ.ɡɹɑːf/, miner /ˈmaɪnə(ɹ)/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme prototype, solve, explosive.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.