Pratique du Shadowing: Defining a Problem: Crash Course Kids #18.1 - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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60 phrases
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Problems.
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We've all got them.
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You, me, T -Swift, Tony Stark.
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Some problems, like forgetting to do your homework, might seem like a pretty big deal to you.
5
But when you compare them to other, bigger problems, they're really not so bad.
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Like what kind of bigger problems?
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Well, the kinds of problems engineers face, like how to safely fly hundreds of people through the air in a small vehicle from one country to another
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or how to make an eco -friendly building in a seaside town
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that can withstand hurricane -force winds or how to send a bunch of earth -bound humans hurtling off into space and, you know, get them back.
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That homework doesn't seem like such a big problem anymore, does it?
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Okay, to be clear, I'm not saying that you don't have to do your homework.
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If you didn't, it would definitely be a problem, just not as big as, like, having to invent a spaceship.
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And that's the kind of stuff that engineers do.
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Engineers are people who want to know how and why things work.
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Not only that, they actually design and build things like machines, systems, or structures to help solve specific problems.
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All engineers, whatever type they are, follow the same series of steps when trying to solve a problem.
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You'll remember these steps as the engineering process.
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And the first step in that process is defining the problem, when an engineer identifies a problem he or she hopes to solve.
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But that first step isn't as simple as you think it is.
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So it's time for our big question.
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How does an engineer define a problem?
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Let's come up with a fake problem to solve and we'll see what we wind up with.
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Pretend you're on one side of a very big canyon and you need to get to the other side.
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So that's the problem you need to solve, right?
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How to cross this very big canyon.
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Sort of, but not exactly.
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We can do better.
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If I was an engineer and found myself on one side of that huge canyon, here's how I'd go about identifying the problem.
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I'd ask questions.
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A lot of questions.
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All the questions!
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Hmm.
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I need to cross this very big canyon.
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But is that my actual problem?
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Hmm.
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This canyon is very big and I need to get to the other side.
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I know!
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I'll cross a bridge!
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Wait, is there a bridge?
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Uh, yeah, there's no bridge.
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Okay, can I climb down one side of the canyon and then up the other side?
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Uh, definitely not.
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Way too deep.
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Plus there's a roaring river at the bottom I'd have to figure out how to cross.
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So, I can't cross the canyon by bridge, I can't climb down and up, and I can't swim across it.
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What's something I can do that doesn't require a bridge, climbing, or swimming?
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I know, I need to find a way to fly across the canyon.
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And that's my problem.
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More importantly, that's my solvable problem.
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How do I fly across this very big canyon?
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It took a little bit of thinking and a whole lot of questions, but how can you fly across the canyon is an easier problem to address than the much less specific,
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I'm on one side of a big canyon and I want to get to the other side, and I don't know how to get across it.
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Which, strictly speaking, isn't a question.
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It's just complaining about a problem really loudly.
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So defining the problem in a solvable way is really key to being a good engineer.
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While that first step might seem pretty easy, make sure you treat it like the super important step that it is, because it sets the stage for all of the steps of the engineering process that follow.
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If you don't define a potentially solvable problem from the start, you might never, well, solve it.
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So an engineer asks a lot of questions to define a problem as specifically as they can, and most importantly as something that can be solved.
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So how is engineer Sabrina going to find a way to fly across that gorge?
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You're gonna have to solve that problem by watching our next lesson.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau A2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Defining a Problem: Crash Course Kids .1 ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : canyon, engineer, solve, step, across. Cette vidéo contient 60 phrases et 713 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 3:19. Le locuteur parle vite, environ 215 mots par minute : attendez-vous à des liaisons et à des sons réduits. 82 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer. 10 de ses 60 phrases sont des questions : un bon entraînement pour l’intonation interrogative et les réponses courtes.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| canyon nom | /ˈkænjən/ | gorge, canyon |
| solve verbe | /sɒlv/ | résoudre, régler |
| define verbe | /dɪˈfaɪn/ | déterminer |
| climb verbe | /ˈklaɪ̯m/ | grimper, monter |
| homework nom | /ˈhoʊmˌwɝk/ | devoirs |
| swim verbe | /swɪm/ | nager |
| lesson nom | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | leçon |
| compare verbe | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | comparer |
| potentially adverbe | /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/ | potentiellement |
| pretend verbe | /pɹəˈtɛnd/ | feindre, faire semblant |
| complain verbe | /kəmˈpleɪn/ | se plaindre |
| safely adverbe | /ˈseɪfli/ | prudemment |
| strictly adverbe | /ˈstɹɪktli/ | strictement |
| hurricane nom | /ˈhʌɹɪkeɪn/ | ouragan |
| loudly adverbe | /ˈlaʊdli/ | fort, à voix haute |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| come up with verbe | inventer, imaginer |
| figure out verbe | cerner |
| get across verbe | traverser |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- You'll remember these steps as the engineering process.
- More importantly, that's my solvable problem.
- How do I fly across this very big canyon?
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Possibilité avec « might / may » might/may + verbe — quelque chose de possible mais pas certain | might seem |
| Obligation : must / have to / need to dire qu’une chose est nécessaire | have to do · having to invent · need to get |
| Futur avec « will » will + verbe — une décision, une promesse ou une prédiction | You'll remember · we'll see · I'll cross |
| Présent continu am/is/are + -ing — ce qui se passe en ce moment | I'm not saying · is defining |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 24 contractions et formes réduites, comme can't, don't, I'd. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: homework /ˈhoʊmˌwɝk/, hurricane /ˈhʌɹɪkeɪn/, hurtle /ˈhɜɹt(ə)l/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/, pretend /pɹəˈtɛnd/, strictly /ˈstɹɪktli/, hurricane /ˈhʌɹɪkeɪn/, roar /ˈɹoɹ/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme canyon, solve, define.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.