Shadowing Practice: Defining a Problem: Crash Course Kids #18.1 - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Problems.
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We've all got them.
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You, me, T -Swift, Tony Stark.
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Some problems, like forgetting to do your homework, might seem like a pretty big deal to you.
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But when you compare them to other, bigger problems, they're really not so bad.
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Like what kind of bigger problems?
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Well, the kinds of problems engineers face, like how to safely fly hundreds of people through the air in a small vehicle from one country to another
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or how to make an eco -friendly building in a seaside town
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that can withstand hurricane -force winds or how to send a bunch of earth -bound humans hurtling off into space and, you know, get them back.
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That homework doesn't seem like such a big problem anymore, does it?
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Okay, to be clear, I'm not saying that you don't have to do your homework.
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If you didn't, it would definitely be a problem, just not as big as, like, having to invent a spaceship.
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And that's the kind of stuff that engineers do.
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Engineers are people who want to know how and why things work.
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Not only that, they actually design and build things like machines, systems, or structures to help solve specific problems.
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All engineers, whatever type they are, follow the same series of steps when trying to solve a problem.
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You'll remember these steps as the engineering process.
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And the first step in that process is defining the problem, when an engineer identifies a problem he or she hopes to solve.
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But that first step isn't as simple as you think it is.
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So it's time for our big question.
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How does an engineer define a problem?
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Let's come up with a fake problem to solve and we'll see what we wind up with.
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Pretend you're on one side of a very big canyon and you need to get to the other side.
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So that's the problem you need to solve, right?
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How to cross this very big canyon.
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Sort of, but not exactly.
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We can do better.
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If I was an engineer and found myself on one side of that huge canyon, here's how I'd go about identifying the problem.
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I'd ask questions.
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A lot of questions.
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All the questions!
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Hmm.
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I need to cross this very big canyon.
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But is that my actual problem?
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Hmm.
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This canyon is very big and I need to get to the other side.
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I know!
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I'll cross a bridge!
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Wait, is there a bridge?
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Uh, yeah, there's no bridge.
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Okay, can I climb down one side of the canyon and then up the other side?
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Uh, definitely not.
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Way too deep.
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Plus there's a roaring river at the bottom I'd have to figure out how to cross.
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So, I can't cross the canyon by bridge, I can't climb down and up, and I can't swim across it.
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What's something I can do that doesn't require a bridge, climbing, or swimming?
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I know, I need to find a way to fly across the canyon.
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And that's my problem.
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More importantly, that's my solvable problem.
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How do I fly across this very big canyon?
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It took a little bit of thinking and a whole lot of questions, but how can you fly across the canyon is an easier problem to address than the much less specific,
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I'm on one side of a big canyon and I want to get to the other side, and I don't know how to get across it.
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Which, strictly speaking, isn't a question.
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It's just complaining about a problem really loudly.
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So defining the problem in a solvable way is really key to being a good engineer.
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While that first step might seem pretty easy, make sure you treat it like the super important step that it is, because it sets the stage for all of the steps of the engineering process that follow.
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If you don't define a potentially solvable problem from the start, you might never, well, solve it.
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So an engineer asks a lot of questions to define a problem as specifically as they can, and most importantly as something that can be solved.
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So how is engineer Sabrina going to find a way to fly across that gorge?
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You're gonna have to solve that problem by watching our next lesson.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel A2 se basa en el vídeo “Defining a Problem: Crash Course Kids .1”. Las palabras que más se repiten: canyon, engineer, solve, step, across. Este vídeo tiene 60 frases y 713 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 3:19. El hablante habla rápido, unas 215 palabras por minuto, así que espera sonidos enlazados y reducidos. El 82 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar. 10 de sus 60 frases son preguntas, así que sirve para practicar la entonación de las preguntas y las respuestas cortas.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| canyon sustantivo | /ˈkænjən/ | cañón, barranca |
| solve verbo | /sɒlv/ | resolver, solucionar |
| define verbo | /dɪˈfaɪn/ | determinar, definir |
| climb verbo | /ˈklaɪ̯m/ | escalar, subir |
| homework sustantivo | /ˈhoʊmˌwɝk/ | deberes, tarea |
| swim verbo | /swɪm/ | nadar |
| importantly adverbio | /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/ | importantemente |
| lesson sustantivo | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | lección |
| compare verbo | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | comparar, parangonar |
| potentially adverbio | /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/ | potencialmente, presuntamente |
| pretend verbo | /pɹəˈtɛnd/ | aparentar, hacer de |
| complain verbo | /kəmˈpleɪn/ | quejarse, alegar |
| safely adverbio | /ˈseɪfli/ | seguramente, a salvamano |
| strictly adverbio | /ˈstɹɪktli/ | estrictamente, terminantemente |
| hurricane sustantivo | /ˈhʌɹɪkeɪn/ | huracán |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| come up with verbo | ingeniar, ingeniarse |
| figure out verbo | averiguar, captar |
| get across verbo | cruzar |
Frases que vale la pena repetir
Frases cortas y completas del vídeo que puedes reutilizar en la conversación diaria:
- You'll remember these steps as the engineering process.
- More importantly, that's my solvable problem.
- How do I fly across this very big canyon?
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Posibilidad con “might / may” might/may + verbo — algo posible pero no seguro | might seem |
| Obligación: must / have to / need to decir que algo es necesario | have to do · having to invent · need to get |
| Futuro con “will” will + verbo — una decisión, una promesa o una predicción | You'll remember · we'll see · I'll cross |
| Present continuous am/is/are + -ing — algo que ocurre ahora o en estos días | I'm not saying · is defining |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 24 contracciones y formas reducidas, como can't, don't, I'd. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: swim /swɪm/, strictly /ˈstɹɪktli/
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: solve /sɒlv/, invent /ɪnˈvɛnt/, solvable /ˈsɑlvəbəl/
- /h/ — una aspiración suave, no la “j”: homework /ˈhoʊmˌwɝk/, hurricane /ˈhʌɹɪkeɪn/, hurtle /ˈhɜɹt(ə)l/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como canyon, solve, define.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.