Shadowing Practice: Defining a Problem: Crash Course Kids #18.1 - Learn English Speaking with Video
Ders oluşturuluyor...
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Problems.
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We've all got them.
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You, me, T -Swift, Tony Stark.
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Some problems, like forgetting to do your homework, might seem like a pretty big deal to you.
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But when you compare them to other, bigger problems, they're really not so bad.
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Like what kind of bigger problems?
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Well, the kinds of problems engineers face, like how to safely fly hundreds of people through the air in a small vehicle from one country to another
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or how to make an eco -friendly building in a seaside town
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that can withstand hurricane -force winds or how to send a bunch of earth -bound humans hurtling off into space and, you know, get them back.
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That homework doesn't seem like such a big problem anymore, does it?
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Okay, to be clear, I'm not saying that you don't have to do your homework.
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If you didn't, it would definitely be a problem, just not as big as, like, having to invent a spaceship.
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And that's the kind of stuff that engineers do.
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Engineers are people who want to know how and why things work.
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Not only that, they actually design and build things like machines, systems, or structures to help solve specific problems.
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All engineers, whatever type they are, follow the same series of steps when trying to solve a problem.
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You'll remember these steps as the engineering process.
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And the first step in that process is defining the problem, when an engineer identifies a problem he or she hopes to solve.
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But that first step isn't as simple as you think it is.
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So it's time for our big question.
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How does an engineer define a problem?
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Let's come up with a fake problem to solve and we'll see what we wind up with.
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Pretend you're on one side of a very big canyon and you need to get to the other side.
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So that's the problem you need to solve, right?
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How to cross this very big canyon.
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Sort of, but not exactly.
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We can do better.
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If I was an engineer and found myself on one side of that huge canyon, here's how I'd go about identifying the problem.
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I'd ask questions.
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A lot of questions.
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All the questions!
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Hmm.
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I need to cross this very big canyon.
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But is that my actual problem?
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Hmm.
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This canyon is very big and I need to get to the other side.
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I know!
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I'll cross a bridge!
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Wait, is there a bridge?
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Uh, yeah, there's no bridge.
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Okay, can I climb down one side of the canyon and then up the other side?
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Uh, definitely not.
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Way too deep.
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Plus there's a roaring river at the bottom I'd have to figure out how to cross.
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So, I can't cross the canyon by bridge, I can't climb down and up, and I can't swim across it.
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What's something I can do that doesn't require a bridge, climbing, or swimming?
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I know, I need to find a way to fly across the canyon.
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And that's my problem.
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More importantly, that's my solvable problem.
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How do I fly across this very big canyon?
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It took a little bit of thinking and a whole lot of questions, but how can you fly across the canyon is an easier problem to address than the much less specific,
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I'm on one side of a big canyon and I want to get to the other side, and I don't know how to get across it.
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Which, strictly speaking, isn't a question.
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It's just complaining about a problem really loudly.
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So defining the problem in a solvable way is really key to being a good engineer.
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While that first step might seem pretty easy, make sure you treat it like the super important step that it is, because it sets the stage for all of the steps of the engineering process that follow.
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If you don't define a potentially solvable problem from the start, you might never, well, solve it.
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So an engineer asks a lot of questions to define a problem as specifically as they can, and most importantly as something that can be solved.
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So how is engineer Sabrina going to find a way to fly across that gorge?
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You're gonna have to solve that problem by watching our next lesson.
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu A2 seviyesindeki konuşma dersi “Defining a Problem: Crash Course Kids .1” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: canyon, engineer, solve, step, across. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 60 cümle ve 713 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 3:19 sürüyor. Konuşmacı hızlı konuşuyor, dakikada yaklaşık 215 kelime; bu yüzden birbirine bağlanan ve zayıflayan sesler duyacaksınız. Kelimelerin %82’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında; geri kalanına başlamadan önce bakmakta fayda var. 60 cümlenin 10 tanesi soru; soru tonlaması ve kısa cevaplar için iyi bir alıştırma.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodan öğrenmeye değer 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| canyon isim | /ˈkænjən/ | kanyon |
| solve fiil | /sɒlv/ | çözmek, halletmek |
| climb fiil | /ˈklaɪ̯m/ | tırmanmak |
| homework isim | /ˈhoʊmˌwɝk/ | ödev, ev ödevi |
| swim fiil | /swɪm/ | yüzmek |
| lesson isim | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | ders, çimke |
| compare fiil | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | karşılaştırmak, kıyaslamak |
| pretend fiil | /pɹəˈtɛnd/ | numara yapmak, rol yapmak |
| hurricane isim | /ˈhʌɹɪkeɪn/ | kasırga, urağan |
| loudly zarf | /ˈlaʊdli/ | sesli sesli, seslice |
| roar fiil | /ˈɹoɹ/ | kükremek |
| withstand fiil | /wɪðˈstænd/ | direnmek, karşı koymak |
| invent fiil | /ɪnˈvɛnt/ | icat etmek |
| gorge isim | /ɡɔɹd͡ʒ/ | gırtlak |
| spaceship isim | uzay gemisi, atılgan |
Duyacağınız deyimsel fiiller
| Kelime | Anlam |
|---|---|
| figure out fiil | açığa çıkarmak |
Tekrar etmeye değer cümleler
Videodan, günlük konuşmada yeniden kullanabileceğiniz kısa ve tam cümleler:
- You'll remember these steps as the engineering process.
- More importantly, that's my solvable problem.
- How do I fly across this very big canyon?
Bu videodaki dil bilgisi
Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:
| Yapı | Videoda |
|---|---|
| “might / may” ile olasılık might/may + fiil — mümkün ama kesin olmayan bir şey | might seem · might never |
| Zorunluluk: must / have to / need to bir şeyin gerekli olduğunu söylemek | have to do · having to invent · need to get |
| “will” ile gelecek will + fiil — bir karar, söz ya da tahmin | You'll remember · we'll see · I'll cross |
| Present continuous am/is/are + -ing — şu anda ya da bu sıralar olan bir şey | I'm not saying · is defining |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
Konuşmacı can't, don't, I'd gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 24 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/
Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:
- /w/ — dudaklar yuvarlak, /v/ değil: homework /ˈhoʊmˌwɝk/, swim /swɪm/, withstand /wɪðˈstænd/
- Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: climb /ˈklaɪ̯m/, swim /swɪm/, pretend /pɹəˈtɛnd/, strictly /ˈstɹɪktli/
- /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: canyon /ˈkænjən/, withstand /wɪðˈstænd/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- 0,75× hızla başlayın, cümle cümle tekrar edin ve kolaylaşınca normal hıza dönün.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; canyon, solve, climb gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.