シャドーイング練習: The Engineering Process: Crash Course Kids #12.2 - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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I'm going to take a wild guess and say you've probably used the phone.
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And I bet you've enjoyed the benefits of a little thing we call air conditioning.
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You know who made those things possible?
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Engineers.
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We were just talking about engineers in our last video, people who design and build things to solve problems, and there are lots of different kinds of engineers.
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No matter what type of engineer you want to be though, civil, mechanical, electrical, or a kind that doesn't even exist yet,
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there's a series of steps that all engineers follow when they're trying to solve a problem.
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This process is called, wait for it, the engineering process.
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Makes sense to me.
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So what sort of steps are included in the engineering process?
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And why do we need it?
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Let's go through it step by step and discover how awesome things are made.
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First thing you gotta do is just define the problem.
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I mean, before you can solve a problem, you have to figure out what it is, right?
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For example, back in the 1800s, an engineer named Alexander Graham Bell was trying to come up with a simpler, cheaper way for people to communicate.
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Back then, the best you could do was a telegraph, which was an old -fashioned system of sending messages over electrical wires.
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Bell identified his problem.
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Communicating with people who were far away was expensive and took a lot of time.
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So his invention, or solution to this problem, was something you may have heard of.
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The telephone.
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Nice.
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Now, once you've figured out what problem you want to tackle, you need to do your research.
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You can start by just making a list of questions you have and what information you need to start answering them.
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You can also look around and find what other things already exist that have tried to solve this same problem.
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Maybe they can be improved.
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A good example here is the man who helped us blow stuff up.
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The chemist and engineer Alfred Nobel invented the explosive known as dynamite.
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Not because he particularly enjoyed explosions, but because miners and other people who, well, needed to blow stuff up to do their jobs, needed an explosive that was safer to use.
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So before he started on that problem, Nobel did research to see what explosives already existed, which ones worked well and which ones didn't.
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This takes us to step three, develop a solution.
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After your research is done, this is where you say exactly how you think you can solve the problem.
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And once you've thought of a good solution, you have to figure out how it'll actually work and what it will look like.
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So you have to design your solution.
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This is where you get to draw.
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Civil engineers always sketch out their ideas, like buildings and bridges and towers, to show what they'll look like when they're done.
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Gustave Yiffel designed the famous Eiffel Tower in France, and he definitely showed up on day one of construction knowing exactly what it was going to look like.
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On to step five, build a prototype.
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A prototype is just a simple model that lets you test out your design.
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It can be as big as the real thing's going to be, or it can be a smaller version.
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You just need to have a prototype so you can test it.
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This may be the most important step in the whole process.
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Engineers need to test their design to see if it works like they want it to.
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So say if your building's a big tower, does it stand up?
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Does it stay standing up?
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If you're designing something with moving parts, does it work the way you want?
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Now take it from me, my future engineers you might have a great idea, a really terrific solution to a really big problem.
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But when you get to this step, your prototype probably won't work exactly the way you want.
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At least, not on the first try.
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Most engineers test their prototypes over and over and over again.
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That's why a lot of time and brainpower goes into the very last step, evaluating your solutions.
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Evaluating just means asking yourself whether things are working the way you want, or why they are, or aren't.
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I like to think of this step as question everything.
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This is when engineers review all of the facts and ask themselves questions, followed by even more questions.
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What worked well?
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Why did it work?
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Why didn't it work?
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How could it be made better?
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And most of the time, the answers to these questions are going to send you back several steps.
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Like, once you've figured out why your prototype wasn't working, you'll have to design a new solution and then build it and then test it again.
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Sometimes, engineers go through this process four, five, even six times or more.
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Take Willis Carrier, the inventor of modern air conditioning.
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He tested his prototypes for years before he figured out the design
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that worked the way he wanted and solved the problem he wanted to fix.
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Like all engineers, he failed a lot before he succeeded.
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And that's okay because he learned something from every failure, which made his product even better in the end.
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And I, for one, am glad he kept going.
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So the engineering process is a series of steps that engineers, or anyone, should use when they're facing a challenge.
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The process is important because it allows engineers to experiment, and also, to fail.
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Both of these things give engineers a chance to go back and improve on their original idea, giving us something even better down the road.
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So the next time you fail at something, don't feel too bad.
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Think about the telephone, and the air conditioner, and the Eiffel Tower.
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And then try again.
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Thank you.
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この動画が英語学習に最適な理由
「The Engineering Process」の動画は、動画で英語学習する際の優れた教材です。分かりやすいスピーチ、自然なリズム、日常的な表現が豊富で、英語の発音を良くするだけでなく、会話の流れを理解するのにも役立ちます。特に、工程を説明する際の明快な語順や、具体例を挙げる表現は、シャドーイングの練習に最適です。
自然な表現を分解してみよう
動画の中から自然な表現を3つピックアップします。
- 「I'm gonna take a wild guess and say you've probably used a phone.」：「gonna」「you've probably」などの口語表現が自然で、日常会話でよく使われます。「take a wild guess」は「大雑把に推測する」という意味で、柔らかい表現で相手を引き込みます。
- 「No matter what type of engineer you wanna be though: civil, mechanical, electrical, or a kind that doesn't even exist yet...」：「wanna」の使用でくだけた感じになり、リスト形式で具体例を挙げることで説明が分かりやすくなっています。「though」の位置も自然で、話し手の思考過程を表しています。
- 「This is where you get to draw!」：「get to」は「～する機会がある」というポジティブなニュアンスで、話し手の興奮感が伝わります。短い文で強調しているため、印象的です。
効果的な練習方法：shadowspeaksの基本
英語シャドーイングの基本は「リピート&レコード」です。以下のルーチンを試してみてください。
- 動画を10秒程度再生し、すぐに止めます。
- 同じ部分をshadow speakのように真似て発音し、録音します。
- 録音を聞きながら、原音と自分の発音のリズムやアクセントの違いを確認します。
- 「define the problem」「develop a solution」などのキーフレーズを重点的に練習し、自然な流れを身につけます。
この方法を繰り返すことで、発音だけでなく、英語のリズムやイントネーションも自然に身につきます。動画で英語学習する際は、少しずつ進めて、楽しみながら練習することが大切です。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。