跟读练习: How to get motivated even when you don’t feel like it - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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You've always aspired to be a professional artist.
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39 句
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You've always aspired to be a professional artist.
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At last, this dream may become a reality, and you're creating a portfolio to submit to art programs.
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But as the application deadline looms, you suddenly find yourself unmotivated, and avoiding the canvas altogether.
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Why does motivation seem so fickle?
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And what even is it in the first place?
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Psychologists define motivation as the desire or impetus to initiate and maintain a particular behavior.
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In other words, it's the energy that drives you to do something.
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And knowing the source of that drive is particularly important when it comes to understanding how to maintain it.
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These motivational forces generally fall into two broad categories:
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intrinsic and extrinsic.
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Intrinsic motivation is involved when you experience an activity as an end in itself.
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Take a hobby, like playing video games.
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The experience largely explains the desire to do it.
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Performing tasks that feel right in the moment— or that you find a meaningful, interesting, or satisfying— are driven by intrinsic motivation.
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Extrinsic motivation, on the other hand, refers to pursuing a task as a means to an end.
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While few would consider going to the dentist as an enjoyable activity, you're often motivated by the outcome of having clean, healthy teeth.
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Other examples of extrinsic motivation include completing a task to receive some sort of reward, whether it's praise, power, or money.
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Notably, these rewards tend to come later, like receiving a bonus at the end of a quarter, or winning a competition after months of training.
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While extrinsic rewards, like getting paid, may seem appealing, their effectiveness can be surprisingly short-lived.
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For example, a 2017 study found that those who were highly focused on the outcomes of their New Year's resolutions— or driven by extrinsic motivation— weren't the most likely to stick to them.
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What did predict persistence, however, was how much a person enjoyed pursuing their goals.
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In other words, you're more likely to maintain an exercise routine if you take classes you enjoy, rather than just those that build your biceps.
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Years of psychology research have shown that high levels of intrinsic motivation— for school, a job, or an exercise class— are more likely to keep you engaged in the long run.
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Day-to-day actions, though, are rarely either exclusively intrinsically or extrinsically motivated.
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Studying for a history exam, for example, can be intrinsically motivated If you're curious about the culture of ancient Egypt.
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But extrinsic motivators may also be at play, as you aim to get a good grade or feel pressure from family members to do well in school.
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But having multiple motivators isn't always better.
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One study of military cadets found that those who were driven both by intrinsic motivators, like self-improvement, and extrinsic motivators, like the outcome of getting a good job, were overall less motivated than cadets driven by just one of these factors.
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As a result, these cadets performed worse and were less likely to graduate.
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Psychologists call this phenomenon the overjustification effect— the idea that additional extrinsic motivators can actually muddy the waters when you already have the intrinsic drive to do something.
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But this is only a problem if you already find a task motivating.
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When you're faced with an activity you find tedious or uninteresting, adding extrinsic rewards can be beneficial.
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In this way, extrinsic motivators can provide sufficient justification.
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While you may never enjoy doing the laundry, it may feel less daunting if you get praise from a loved one, or even promise yourself that you'll watch your favorite TV show when you're done folding.
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Motivation is complicated.
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And sometimes, no matter how passionate you are about a goal or hobby, finding the motivation to actually do it can be difficult.
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But there are things you can do to increase your drive, even when it feels impossible.
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Focus on building intrinsic motivation by making the task more fun in the moment.
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Asking a friend to join you or simply putting on your favorite playlist can give you the boost to get started— and stick with your goals for the long haul.
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关于本课
这段视频深入探讨了“动机”这一复杂主题，解释了为什么我们有时会感到无从下手，以及如何重新点燃我们的内在驱动力。学习者将有机会练习英语口语，理解心理学中关于动机的定义，并区分两种主要的激励形式：内在动机（intrinsic motivation）和外部动机（extrinsic motivation）。视频不仅提供了丰富的词汇，还通过具体的案例和心理学研究，帮助你理解在面对任务时如何更好地保持投入。通过本课，你将学习如何清晰地表达抽象概念、进行比较分析，并讨论个人目标与毅力，这对于提升你的英语流利度和备考雅思口语非常有帮助。
重要词汇和短语
- aspired to be: 渴望成为，立志成为。
例句：You've always aspired to be a professional artist.（你一直渴望成为一名职业艺术家。） - motivation seems so fickle: 动机如此反复无常/不稳定。
例句：Why does motivation seem so fickle?（为什么动机看起来如此反复无常？） - impetus to initiate and maintain: 启动和维持某行为的动力或冲动。
例句：Psychologists define motivation as the desire or impetus to initiate and maintain a particular behavior.（心理学家将动机定义为启动和维持特定行为的欲望或动力。） - intrinsic motivation: 内部动机。
指做某事本身带来的满足感和乐趣，而非为了外部回报。 - extrinsic motivation: 外部动机。
指为获得外部奖励（如赞扬、金钱）或避免惩罚而做某事。 - as an end in itself: 本身就是目的。
例句：Intrinsic motivation is involved when you experience an activity as an end in itself.（当你体验一项活动本身就是目的时，就涉及内部动机。） - as a means to an end: 作为达到目的的手段。
例句：Extrinsic motivation refers to pursuing a task as a means to an end.（外部动机是指将任务作为达到目的的手段。） - muddy the waters: 混淆视听/使情况复杂化。
例句：Additional extrinsic motivators can actually muddy the waters when you already have the intrinsic drive.（当你已经有内在动力时，额外的外部激励反而会使情况复杂化。） - stick with your goals for the long haul: 长期坚持你的目标。
例句：Focus on building intrinsic motivation to stick with your goals for the long haul.（专注于建立内在动机，以长期坚持你的目标。）
本视频练习技巧
这段视频是进行跟读技巧和发音练习的绝佳材料：
- 语速与语调：视频中语速适中，发音清晰，是模仿标准美式发音的好范本。在跟读时，请特别注意语句的起伏和重音，尤其是在定义“动机”或比较“内部动机”和“外部动机”时，模仿其强调和停顿，这有助于提升你的英语流利度。
- 词汇发音：关注一些关键词汇的准确发音，如“fickle”（反复无常的）、“impetus”（动力）、“intrinsic”（内在的）、“extrinsic”（外在的）、“overjustification”（过度理由效应）和“tedious”（乏味的）。反复练习这些词，确保你的发音练习到位。
- 概念表达：视频清晰地解释了复杂的心理学概念。在跟读和复述时，尝试用自己的话总结这些概念，这对于提升你的逻辑思维和表达能力至关重要，尤其适合雅思口语考试中Part 3的讨论部分。
- 句型模仿：留意视频中用于引入定义、进行对比和说明因果关系的句型结构（例如：“Psychologists define motivation as...”、“Intrinsic motivation is involved when...”、“On the other hand, extrinsic motivation refers to...”）。模仿这些句型，能帮助你更有效地构建复杂的英语句子。
- 总结练习：在跟读完每一小节后，暂停视频，尝试用1-2分钟的时间，脱稿总结该部分的重点。这不仅能巩固你的理解，也是一项非常有效的英语口语练习，能显著提升你的即兴表达能力。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。
如何在ShadowingEnglish上有效练习
- 选择您的视频： 挑选一段语音清晰、自然的YouTube视频。TED演讲，BBC新闻，电影片段，播客或雅思口语范例都很好。将URL粘贴到搜索栏中。从较短的视频（短于5分钟）以及您真正感兴趣的内容开始——兴趣是最重要的导师。
- 先听，理解上下文： 第一次听的时候，将速度保持在1倍速并仅仅倾听。还不要尝试重复。专注于理解其含义，收集新词汇，并注意讲话人如何强调单词，连读声音及使用停顿。
- 设置跟读模式：
- 等待模式：选择
+3s或+5s——在每句话播放完毕后，视频会自动暂停以便您有时间大声重复它。如果您想完全控制并在每次重复后由您自己点击下一步，请选择手动。 - 字幕同步：YouTube字幕有时会在音频前或后略微出现。使用
±100ms使它们完美对齐以助您准确跟读。
- 等待模式：选择
- 大声跟读（核心练习）： 这是真正发生改变的一步。当一个句子播放出来立刻——或在暂停期间——大声、清晰且自信地重复出来。千万不要只是张张嘴：要模仿说话者的准确节奏、重音、音高和连读。力求听上去就像说话者的影子，而不仅是逐字背诵。使用重复功能多次练习同一个句子，直到感觉自然为止。
- 提高难度： 当练习段落变得相对舒适后，就去挑战自我。将速度增加至 <code>1.25x</code> 或甚至 <code>1.5x</code> 以训练高速语言反射。或者将等待模式调整为 <code>关闭</code> 以进行连续跟读——这是最进阶同样收益最大的模式。持续的每日15–30分钟的练习将可以在几周内产生可见的效果。