跟读练习: Inside the Upstream Process: How Oil & Gas Is Found - 通过视频学习英语口语
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30 句
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1
The oil and gas value chain is broadly divided into two segments.
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Upstream for the discovery and production of crude oil and natural gas, and downstream for refinement and sales of the end products.
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Each is a big industry of its own.
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Due to the complexity of each segment, most companies focus on one, though major oil and gas companies are fully integrated across the value chain.
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Let's start with upstream.
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The world has a surface area of 200 million square miles.
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How can oil companies know where oil and gas reserves are?
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It starts with the exploration phase.
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Explorations can be onshore or offshore, and the objective here is not to find oil or gas,
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but to narrow down the search area by identifying potential reservoirs that might host oil and gas.
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Have you ever seen someone selecting a watermelon by tapping on it
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and listening for a hollow sound sound to see how ripe it is, oil and gas exploration process is similar to that, just more expensive.
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A lot more expensive.
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The exploratory process starts with seismic surveys of basins to scan below the surface and identify potential reservoir targets.
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Seismic surveys use sound waves, akin to the watermelon tapping and listening method, to create images of subsurface rock layers.
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The sound waves, generated by a loud bang, like the detonation of dynamite in a hole dug in the ground or from an air gun in the water,
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travel through the Earth and are partially reflected by each rock boundary back to the surface.
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Geophones placed at the surface record the reflections,
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which are then digitized and analyzed by geophysicists to identify potential rock formations that could lead to oil and gas accumulations.
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In addition to seismic surveys, companies also conduct regional studies to see if there are discovered reserves in neighboring countries with similar geographies.
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This would increase the probability of discovering reserves in the basin under exploration.
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Based on the results of seismic surveys and regional studies, companies will decide to proceed to drilling exploratory wells, which are typically 5 inches wide,
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with a depth ranging from a few hundred feet to 20,000 feet.
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Next, samples are collected from the drilled wells and tested, in attempts to confirm the presence of a reservoir and its properties in terms of volume and mobility,
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that is, how easily the reservoir will flow.
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Tests are used to create 3D models of the reservoir and to identify the depth of different layers of gas, oil, and water.
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This is an important step because drilling to extract oil and gas is a delicate operation, and mistakes can be economically catastrophic.
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Even with the most advanced tests and models, exploration is always a risky bet.
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companies can spend millions drilling to find an empty well or wells that are not commercially recoverable with existing technologies.
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With modern seismic survey technologies the chances of finding oil or gas is less than 20 percent.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 C1 级别的口语课以视频“Inside the Upstream Process: How Oil & Gas Is Found”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：oil, gas, companies, seismic, reservoir。 这段视频共有 30 个句子、487 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 2:57。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 165 个词，接近日常对话。 只有 77% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| seismic 形容词 | /ˈsaɪzmɪk/ | 地震的 |
| reservoir 名词 | /ˈɹɛz.ə(ɹ).vwɑɹ/ | 儲備 /储备 |
| drill 名词 | /dɹɪl/ | 鑽 /钻 |
| upstream 形容词 | /ʌpˈstɹiːm/ | 上游 |
| basin 名词 | /ˈbeɪsɪn/ | 洗滌槽 /洗涤槽 |
| detonation 名词 | /dɛtəˈneɪʃən/ | 爆炸 |
| digitize 动词 | /ˈdɪd͡ʒɪtaɪz/ | 數字化 /数字化 |
| geophysicist 名词 | 地球物理學家 /地球物理学家 | |
| catastrophic 形容词 | /ˌkætəˈstɹɑfɪk/ | 災難的 /灾难的, 災難性的 /灾难性的 |
| dynamite 名词 | /ˈdaɪ.nəˌmaɪt/ | 炸藥 /炸药 |
| accumulation 名词 | /əˌkjuːm.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/ | 积累, 累计 |
| ripe 形容词 | /ɹaɪp/ | 成熟, 熟 |
| akin 形容词 | /ʌˈkɪn/ | 与（……）相似 |
| analyze 动词 | /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/ | 分析 |
| offshore 形容词 | /ɒfˈʃɔː(ɹ)/ | 離岸 /离岸, 濱外 /滨外 |
需要注意的发音
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: detonation /dɛtəˈneɪʃən/, onshore /ˈɒnʃɔː/, accumulation /əˌkjuːm.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/, offshore /ɒfˈʃɔː(ɹ)/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: exploratory /ɛkˈsplɒɹ.ə.tə.ɹi/, detonation /dɛtəˈneɪʃən/, recoverable /ɹɪˈkʌvɚəb(ə)l/, catastrophic /ˌkætəˈstɹɑfɪk/, accumulation /əˌkjuːm.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: reservoir /ˈɹɛz.ə(ɹ).vwɑɹ/, recoverable /ɹɪˈkʌvɚəb(ə)l/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: seismic /ˈsaɪzmɪk/, digitize /ˈdɪd͡ʒɪtaɪz/, refinement /ɹəˈfaɪnmənt/, catastrophic /ˌkætəˈstɹɑfɪk/, dynamite /ˈdaɪ.nəˌmaɪt/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: drill /dɹɪl/, exploratory /ɛkˈsplɒɹ.ə.tə.ɹi/, recoverable /ɹɪˈkʌvɚəb(ə)l/, broadly /ˈbɹɔːdli/, probability /ˌpɹɑ.bəˈbɪl.ə.ti/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 seismic, reservoir, drill 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。