跟读练习: Nuclear Energy Explained: How does it work? 1/3 - 通过视频学习英语口语

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Have you ever been in an argument about nuclear power?

你有没有过和别人就核能问题发生争论的经历？

We have, and we found it frustrating and confusing, so let’s try and get to grips with this topic.

我们遇到过这种情况，当时只觉得既沮丧又困惑，所以现在就让我们试着把这个问题彻底搞清楚。

It all started in the 1940s.

这一切都始于20世纪40年代。

After the shock and horror of the war and the use of the atomic bomb, nuclear energy promised to be a peaceful spin-off of the new technology, helping the world get back on its feet.

在经历了战争的冲击与恐怖以及原子弹的使用之后，核能曾被视为这项新技术衍生出的和平产物，有望帮助世界恢复元气。

Everyone’s imagination was running wild.

所有人的想象力都在肆意驰骋。

Would electricity become free?

Could nuclear power help settle the Antarctic?

Would there be nuclear-powered cars, planes, or houses?

It seemed that this was just a few years of hard work away.

One thing was certain: the future was atomic.

Just a few years later, there was a sort of atomic age hangover; as it turned out, nuclear power was very complicated and very expensive.

Turning physics into engineering was easy on paper, but hard in real life.

Also, private companies thought that nuclear power was much too risky as an investment; most of them would much rather stick with gas, coal, and oil.

But there were many people who didn’t just want to abandon the promise of the atomic age; an exciting new technology, the prospect of enormously cheap electricity, the prospect of being independent of oil and gas imports, and, in some cases, a secret desire to possess atomic weapons provided a strong motivation to keep going.

Nuclear power’s finest hour finally came in the early 1970s, when war in the Middle East caused oil prices to skyrocket worldwide.

Now, commercial interest and investment picked up at a dazzling pace.

如今，商业利益和投资正以惊人的速度回升。

More than half of all the nuclear reactors in the world were built between 1970 and 1985.

全球超过一半的核反应堆建于1970年至1985年间。

But which type of reactor to build, given how many different types there were to choose from?

但既然有这么多不同类型的反应堆可供选择，究竟该建造哪一种呢？

A surprising underdog candidate won the day: the light water reactor.

出人意料的黑马候选方案最终胜出：轻水反应堆。

It wasn’t very innovative, and it wasn’t too popular with scientists, but it had some decisive advantages: it was there, it worked, and it wasn’t terribly expensive.

它算不上非常创新，也不太受科学家的欢迎，但它有一些决定性的优势：它现成可用、运行稳定，而且价格也不算太高。

So, what does a light water reactor do?

那么，轻水反应堆是做什么的？

Well, the basic principle is shockingly simple: it heats up water using an artificial chain reaction.

嗯，其基本原理简单得惊人：它通过人工链式反应来加热水。

Nuclear fission releases several million times more energy than any chemical reaction could.

核裂变释放的能量比任何化学反应所能释放的能量都高出数百万倍。

Really heavy elements on the brink of stability, like uranium-235, get bombarded with neutrons.

铀-235这类处于稳定边缘的极重元素会受到中子轰击。

The neutron is absorbed, but the result is unstable.

中子被吸收后，产生的产物是不稳定的。

Most of the time, it immediately splits into fast-moving lighter elements, some additional free neutrons, and energy in the form of radiation.

在大多数情况下，它会立即分裂成运动速度快的较轻元素、一些额外的自由中子，以及以辐射形式释放的能量。

The radiation heats the surrounding water, while the neutrons repeat the process with other atoms, releasing more neutrons and radiation in a closely controlled chain reaction.

Very different from the fast, destructive runaway reaction in an atomic bomb.

In our light water reactor, a moderator is needed to control the neutrons’ energy.

Simple, ordinary water does the job, which is very practical, since water’s used to drive the turbines anyway.

The light water reactor became prevalent because it’s simple and cheap.

However, it’s neither the safest, most efficient, nor technically elegant nuclear reactor.

The renewed nuclear hype lasted barely a decade, though; in 1979, the Three Mile Island nuclear plant in Pennsylvania barely escaped a catastrophe when its core melted.

In 1986, the Chernobyl catastrophe directly threatened Central Europe with a radioactive cloud, and in 2011 the drawn-out Fukushima disaster sparked new discussions and concerns.

While in the 1980s 218 new nuclear power reactors went live, their number and nuclear’s global share of electricity production has stagnated since the end of the ’80s.

So what’s the situation today?

Today, nuclear energy meets around 10% of the world’s energy demand.

There are about 439 nuclear reactors in 31 countries.

About 70 new reactors are under construction in 2015, most of them in countries which are growing quickly.

All in all, 116 new reactors are planned worldwide.

Most nuclear reactors were built more than 25 years ago with pretty old technology.

More than 80% are various types of light water reactor.

Today, many countries are faced with a choice: the expensive replacement of the aging reactors, possibly with more efficient, but less tested models, or a move away from nuclear power towards newer or older technology with different cost and environmental impacts.

So, should we use nuclear energy?

The pro and contra arguments will be presented here next week.

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关于本课程

本课程旨在帮助学习者通过分析和练习核能的相关内容，提升自己的英语口语能力。视频讲解了核能的历史、基本原理以及目前的应用情况，让学习者不仅能提高语言技巧，同时也能拓宽对核能技术的理解。在练习过程中，学习者将涉及到科学技术相关的术语和句型，这将提升他们在专业领域的交流能力。

关键词汇和短语

核能 (nuclear energy)
核反应堆 (nuclear reactor)
链式反应 (chain reaction)
放射性 (radiation)
中子 (neutron)
铀-235 (uranium-235)
光水反应堆 (light water reactor)
能源需求 (energy demand)

练习技巧

在观看关于核能的视频时，学习者可以运用shadowspeak的技巧进行口语练习。建议学习者模仿视频中的语速和语调，以提高自己的自然发音。视频的语速适中，适合进行英语口语练习。在第一遍观看后，尝试关闭声音，自己进行复述，增强对内容的掌握和记忆，这个过程被称为shadow speech。通过不断的跟读和自我纠正，学习者可以逐步提升语言流利度。在此过程中，务必注意科学术语的准确发音，这对将来的专业交流至关重要。最后，鼓励使用看YouTube学英语的方法，反复观看并练习，强化对核能这一主题的理解和表达。

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构	视频中的用法
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的	were built · is absorbed · is needed
定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物	people who didn · job, which is · countries which are
现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事	Have you ever been · has stagnated

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

跟读练习: Nuclear Energy Explained: How does it work? 1/3 - 通过视频学习英语口语

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关于本课程

关键词汇和短语

练习技巧

视频中的语法

什么是跟读法？