跟读练习: What staying up all night does to your brain - Anna Rothschild - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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You're just one Roman Empire history final away from a relaxing spring break.
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You're just one Roman Empire history final away from a relaxing spring break.
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But you still have so much to study,
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so you decide to follow in the footsteps of many students before you and pull an all-nighter.
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When you stay up all night,
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you're fighting against your body's natural circadian rhythms.
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These are the cyclical changes that virtually all living things experience over the course of a 24-hour period,
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such as sleeping and waking.
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And they're heavily influenced by light.
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But for the moment, you're alert and powering through the rule of Julius Caesar.
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As the sun sets, your eyes send signals about the dwindling light to a part of your brain called suprachiasmatic nucleus.
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This is basically your circadian rhythm's clock.
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It alerts your pineal gland to start producing melatonin.
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That's the hormone that helps prepare your body for sleep,
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and levels start to rise about two hours before your normal bedtime.
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At the same time, neurons in the hypothalamus and brainstem release a compound called GABA.
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This slows down activity in your brain and can have a calming effect.
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You're approaching your normal bedtime.
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Since the brain needs to cool down before sleep,
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your core body temperature starts to drop.
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Huh, that map kind of looks like a face.
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Uh-oh, your attention has started to drift.
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Throughout the day, your brain has been releasing a waste product called adenosine.
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The more adenosine latching onto receptors in your brain,
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the more tired and inattentive you become.
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Time for a cup of coffee!
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Caffeine blocks adenosine from binding to receptors,
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which can give you a boost of energy.
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However, it might also make you jittery and increase your anxiety.
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You're acing these flashcards.
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Right now, these dates and names are being stored in an area of the brain called the hippocampus.
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Normally, when you go to sleep,
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memories like these are consolidated and slotted into long-term storage in your brain's neocortex.
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So it's a good thing you only need to remember this information through tomorrow.
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Micro sleeps are unpredictable periods of sleep that last for only a few seconds and are triggered by sleep deprivation.
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You stretch in an attempt to stay awake,
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but at this point your motor skills have also taken a hit.
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Studies have found that people who have been awake for 19 hours have similar coordination
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and reaction times as those who have been drinking.
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As the sun rises, your pineal gland stops releasing melatonin.
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You feel a second wind come on.
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And despite everything, you leave for school in a really good mood.
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Sleep deprivation can briefly induce euphoria.
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It's caused a temporary boost in dopamine levels,
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which can, unfortunately, also lead to poor choices.
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The final starts off well.
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It's all multiple choice.
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But then you get to the essay portion.
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It's thought that during sleep,
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our brains process ideas and draw connections between new memories and old ones.
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So your sleepless brain might be able to regurgitate facts,
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but you're finding it more difficult to find patterns or problem solve.
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You stare at the blank page, defeated.
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Get out!
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You head up to your room, anxious and irritable.
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Your amygdala, the part of the brain involved with processing emotion, is going haywire.
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Your prefrontal cortex usually keeps your amygdala in check,
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but it still isn't firing on all cylinders.
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Your bed has never felt so sweet.
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After one sleepless night, your body and brain bounce back pretty quickly.
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Which is a good thing,
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since we can't always control how much sleep we get.
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But going for long periods without a good night's sleep,
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or constantly changing your bedtime can take its toll.
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Regularly getting less than seven hours of sleep each night is
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linked to all sorts of health issues from diabetes to stroke to chronic pain.
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It also leaves you more vulnerable to developing mental health issues like depression.
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Your sleep schedule can even affect your grades.
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Studies have shown that college students who keep regular sleep hours have,
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on average, a higher GPA than students who don't.
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So the next time you're thinking of pulling an all-nighter,
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remember that Rome wasn't built in a day,
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or for that matter, one night.
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Clearly, physical rest can have a huge impact on your body and brain.
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But what about mental rest?
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Learn what happens to your mind when you let it wander with this video
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or explore the science of adolescence at ed.ted.com forward slash building dash connections.
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为什么要用这个视频练习口语？
通过观看和模仿安娜·罗斯柴尔德的视频，你可以了解熬夜对大脑的影响，这不仅具有科学意义，而且为你的英语学习提供了丰富的语境。这个视频中的内容充满了生活经验，让你在学习英语时能够与实际情况相结合。参与这些对话可以帮助你更好地理解语言的使用，同时提高你的英语发音，增强雅思口语练习的能力。通过英语影子跟读，你能够跟随视频中的说话节奏，自然而有效地提升口语水平。
语法与表达的语境
在这个视频中，有几种语言结构非常值得注意：
- 当你…时（When you...）: 此结构用于描述在特定情况下的行为，例如“当你熬夜时”。这是表达条件句的常用形式，了解这种结构可以帮助你准确表达时间和条件的关系。
- 开始…（start to）: 例如“开始产生褪黑激素”，这个短语常用于描述某事物的开始状态，有助于你在描述事件的变化时更加清晰。
- 尽管…（despite）: 例如“尽管一切，你还是很开心”，这是一个常用的让步连词，能帮助你表述对比与转折，使得表达更为丰富。
常见发音陷阱
在观看视频时，你可能会发现一些发音上比较棘手的词汇，比如“melatonin”（褪黑激素）和“adenosine”（腺苷）。这些词在英语口语中不常使用，因此练习时需特别注意它们的发音。此外，安娜的口音可以作为识别不同地区英语发音的一个例子，掌握这些可以帮助你提高英语发音。
通过在这个视频中进行英语影子跟读，不仅可以改善你的口语能力，还能增加对科学话题的理解，提升雅思口语练习的自信心。记得多多练习，逐渐调整你的发音和语调!
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。