跟读练习: Why I Love Writing by Hand (And Hate Computers) - 通过视频学习英语口语
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I've been trying to write a book lately and I've been using my laptop to do it, but I've run into a bit of a problem.
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The words just don't seem to be flowing, and I'm just struggling more than I really ever have.
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So I decided that I was going to try something different, something new, or really something kind of old.
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I am going to write the first draft of this book, and maybe the second draft or the third draft, by hand, using a pencil and a notebook.
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Our laptops or our computers, they are our defaults.
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They are the things that we choose when we're not even thinking.
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And I think if we want to be intentional about how we live, including how we write, but also how we read or how we study or how we spend our recreation time,
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any of that, we can't just let technology be a default.
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One of my favorite living writers is Wendell Berry.
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He's a poet, he's an essayist, and a novelist.
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He's also a farmer who lives in Kentucky.
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I highly recommend this volume, The World Ending Fire.
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It's a collection of his essays.
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I think every essay in this is quite good.
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The essay I want to talk about is from the late 80s, and it's called Why I Am Not Going to Buy a Computer.
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In it, Berry explains why he continues to write all of his essays, his novels, his poetry, using a simple pencil and paper.
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And Berry is clearly my inspiration in what I'm doing right now.
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Barry argues that simply put, there aren't that many advantages to a computer and using a pencil
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or a pen and paper has been good enough for the greatest novelist, the greatest essayist, the greatest poets who have ever lived.
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The essay is very short and I highly recommend that you read it, but if you wanted the summary of it, well you could look to the end of it where Barry gives nine rules for choosing whether
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or not you're going to adopt a new piece of technology.
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He writes that the new tool should be cheaper than the one it replaces.
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It should be at least as small in scale as the one it replaces.
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It should do work that is clearly and demonstrably better than the one it replaces.
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It should use less energy than the one it replaces.
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If possible, it should use some form of solar energy as of that of the body.
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It should be repairable by a person of ordinary intelligence, provided that he or she has the necessary tools.
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It should be purchasable and repairable as near to home as possible.
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It should come from a small privately owned shop or store that will take it back for maintenance and repair.
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It should not replace or disrupt anything good that already exists.
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And this includes family and community relations.
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If we were following Wendell Berry's rules, we would all throw away our computers right away.
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And it would be unrealistic to say that that's what we ought to do.
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So even if it's maybe a little too late for us to decide whether or not we're going to buy computers,
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we could be thinking about how we choose to incorporate those pieces of technology into our lives.
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So let's look at that last rule, that a new piece of technology should not disrupt something that already exists that is good.
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It's not just that a pencil and paper are perfectly fine for writing.
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What I realized, I think, is that actually trying to write on your computer is disruptive, and it's disruptive of the actual act of writing.
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And there's a couple of ways we can explain that.
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One is I actually think
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that I am capable of typing faster than I'm capable of writing
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and it seems that the ability at
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which I can write on a page is pretty much the exact pace
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that I need if I want to write half decent prose.
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If I'm typing it just comes out way too fast.
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Also when you're on a laptop you have this kind of tendency to want to edit as you go
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because you can just go back and delete something.
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You can copy and paste.
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You can look at spell check or check your grammar
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and yet I found that when I want to write well like when I was writing my dissertation, I really had to put a gap between what I was doing in the writing phase,
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where I just needed to get my ideas out on the page, and what I was doing in the editing phase.
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And I needed to actually put time in between there.
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And I admit that some of my preference for writing by hand might be driven by a kind of romanticism.
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I like the image of sitting at the coffee shop, sipping on your coffee, writing slowly, thinking about the world.
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But I do think that there are these practical benefits.
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I think it can actually help you with your writing since I switched over to writing by hand I found
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that the words are just kind of pouring out of me in a way
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that they weren't
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when I was trying to type the book it's just much easier for me to produce
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and to get those ideas out
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when I was typing my book on my laptop I was just floundering
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but there's another connection and for that I think we should talk a little bit about the poet Rilke.
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Rilke wrote these famous letters called letters to a young poet it's a collection of letters.
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He wrote 10 letters to a younger poet, often giving him advice about art and also about spirituality.
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And one of the key takeaways in Rilke's letters is that a poet or a writer, or just I would say a thoughtful intellectual person, needs a kind of solitude.
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Rilke writes it like this, what is necessary after all is only this solitude, vast inner solitude, to walk inside yourself and meet no one for hours.
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That is what you must be able to attain.
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Now, that is a discipline.
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It's something we actually have to cultivate.
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We have to learn to be okay with solitude and we have to learn to be comfortable there.
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But we also need to set up our exterior conditions so that we're able to enter into that place of solitude.
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You have to be incredibly disciplined to not be distracted by all the things that your laptop offers.
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You could always check your email.
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You could always check your analytics if you're like me.
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You could always check YouTube.
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And there are ways around that, and you can block sites and things like that.
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I figured that actually the easiest thing to do was to just cut it off at its source, and it was to stop using the laptop for my writing anyways.
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Now, none of this actually should stop with writing.
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The more I think about it, the more I realize that I should just put the laptop away, put the phone away too, as much as I can.
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I've actually now designated a place in my apartment where I will keep my laptop
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and phone during the day so that if I don't need it, I'm not around it.
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And that way I can focus on the things that really matter to me.
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Now I can kind of hear this criticism.
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I can hear people saying, well, you're going to have to use a computer anyways if you're writing a book.
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eventually you're going to have to type it up
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and you're going to have to edit it
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and you're going to have to send it to an agent or a publishing house or something.
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You can't just send them a notebook.
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And you're absolutely right.
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My position is not that we should just get rid of computers completely.
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I think we already are in a little too deep.
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We have computers and we should use them as best we can.
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When I've written my first draft, my second draft, when I feel comfortable with the finished product, I'll type up the whole thing.
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That will actually probably be a useful process for me because it'll give me a final chance to edit it.
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I'll be able to see it in a different context, see it on the screen, typed out in something that isn't just my own handwriting.
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Maybe you could make an argument that ultimately it is more efficient to just learn, to be disciplined, and to type.
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But I would suggest that instead we should look at solutions to problems that just involve opting out of the problem itself.
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So if your laptop is distracting you and it's making it difficult to write, you can just put it away and you can find another way to write.
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Thank you.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这段视频共有 99 个句子、1503 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 7:08。 说话人语速较快，每分钟约 211 个词，会出现较多连读和弱读。 83% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| laptop 名词 | /ˈlæp.tɑp/ | 手提電腦 /手提电脑, 手提計算機 /手提计算机 |
| poet 名词 | /ˈpoʊ.ət/ | 詩人 /诗人 |
| essay 名词 | /ˈɛs.eɪ/ | 雜文 /杂文, 論文 /论文 |
| edit 动词 | /ˈɛdɪt/ | 編輯 /编辑 |
| pencil 名词 | /ˈpɛnsəl/ | 鉛筆 /铅笔 |
| discipline 名词 | /ˈdɪsəplɪn/ | 紀律 /纪律 |
| default 名词 | /dɪˈfɔlt/ | 違約 /违约, 暴雷 |
| notebook 名词 | /ˈnoʊtˌbʊk/ | 筆記本 /笔记本, 本子 |
| distract 动词 | /dɪˈstɹækt/ | 分心 |
| novelist 名词 | /ˈnɑvəlɪst/ | 小說家 /小说家 |
| disrupt 动词 | /dɪsˈɹʌpt/ | 破壞 /破坏 |
| vast 形容词 | /væst/ | 浩大 |
| practical 形容词 | /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.kəl/ | 使用的, 實用 /实用 |
| argue 动词 | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | 辯論 /辩论, 爭辯 /争辩 |
| efficient 形容词 | /ɪˈfɪʃənt/ | 高效率 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| come out 动词 | /ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/ | 出, 出來 /出来 |
| go back 动词 | 回去, 返回 | |
| throw away 动词 | 棄置 /弃置, 扔 |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 32 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 you're, I'm, I've。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, inspiration /ˌɪn.spɪˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, publish /ˈpʌblɪʃ/, recreation /ɹiːkɹiˈeɪʃən/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: ordinary /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/, inspiration /ˌɪn.spɪˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/, recreation /ɹiːkɹiˈeɪʃən/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 laptop, poet, essay 这类单词。
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | I've run · has been · I've actually now designated |
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | might be driven · be distracted · be disciplined |
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。