跟读练习: How to Journal (Like a Philosopher) - 通过视频学习英语口语
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So if you want to start journaling, it's actually pretty simple.
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There are basically three steps.
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First, just get a journal.
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Find one that you like.
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I like these Lloyd's term soft covers lately.
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Second, get a pen that you like to write with.
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I really like fountain pens, but you should just pick whatever works for you.
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And third, the step is to just write.
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Make a habit of it.
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Try to write every day if you can.
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And if you can't write every day, just write when you feel like it.
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It really is that simple.
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But every time I talk about journaling on this channel, I get one question I'm going to give you a guide to journaling.
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I'm going to tell you what to do when the words aren't flowing.
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And along the way, I am going to talk about journaling's relationship to self -improvement, which is one reason so many of us journal, and also the philosophy behind it all.
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If I'm struggling to write, I found that there is a reliable structure that I can follow that lets me write about a page's worth of content.
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First, I write a paragraph about something that happened that day, or if I'm journaling in the morning, something that happened the day before.
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I'm just writing about some event in my life, something that was notable.
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I'm being selective here.
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I'm not writing about everything that happened to me, and I am not aiming for this to be a comprehensive account of my entire day.
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So as an example, a few days ago, I was writing in my journal about something that happened at work.
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Basically, this event occurred.
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The details don't really matter for this video, but it was something that I found very stressful, but it turned out to be a misunderstanding on my part.
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and There was some stress for me until it was resolved.
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That was a notable enough event that I decided to write about it in my journal.
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So after I've written my factual account of the event in my life, I then try to write about something that I did well.
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This is something I can feel proud of.
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This is an achievement or a little bit of a success, a small victory,
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or even just an instance where I was able to reliably fall back on a habit that I've built up over time.
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to actually figure out what I would need to do to solve the problem.
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Now, because it turned out it was a misunderstanding, I didn't actually have to do much.
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But what I was proud of was
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that I broke the problem up into some smaller problems and started solving the most important ones.
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After I've written that paragraph, I write a paragraph about what did not go well.
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This is an opportunity for me to identify problem areas in my life, to identify places where I want to improve.
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These can over again.
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Or it could be bad habits that I've cultivated that I want to try and break.
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So I'm someone who's prone to anxiety.
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And when a problem arises, I tend to spiral for a little bit.
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I can usually then collect myself and solve the problem.
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But I always go through that anxiety spiral.
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And I want to stop doing that.
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So I try and identify times when I let my anxiety get the best of me.
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And then I try and think about how I can avoid that.
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What are the conditions that make
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to follow because one very effective technique for combating anxiety is figuring out where the anxious mind goes wrong
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and actually being able to reason with yourself
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so far i have written about an event i have written about something i'm proud of
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and something that i'm not proud of a success and a failure
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but after that there's still something else worth writing and
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that is when i try and zoom out
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and think about the bigger picture this part really isn't a paragraph it can
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pages on those days when I have a lot to think about.
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What I'm really trying to do is figure out what this event has in common with other events in my life.
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Or really, I am trying to fit this event into a larger narrative about my life.
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I am giving a sort of internal logic to my life story, and I am using my journal as an opportunity to do that.
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Let's talk a little bit more about this and the philosophy behind it.
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Many philosophers, just to name a few, Charles Taylor, Alistair McIntyre, Martin Heidegger, there are many others, but those are some notable names.
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They think of persons as primarily storytelling beings.
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So what makes us
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persons as opposed to mere animals is that we are able to construct and tell a narrative about ourselves.
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It's not as if we all have a formal narrative written down.
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Despite being someone who has consistently journaled for about a decade, it's not like I have written an autobiography of myself.
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And even those who write autobiographies don't write totally comprehensive accounts of their lives.
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But as we live our lives, we are thinking about how events relate to one another,
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We are looking for coherence and we are placing them in a more or less linear format.
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We're being selective.
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We think about some events more than others, but all the time as we live, we are constructing a narrative about ourselves.
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As we tell this story about ourselves and construct this narrative, really we are constructing who we are.
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What I think is interesting though, is that most of us don't take an active role in this construction.
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We do it out of habit and routine. to break the routine.
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It is designed actually to take a more intentional and active role in telling my life story to myself.
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If my life is a story.
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I want to be its author.
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but I also want to be a good author And that takes practice.
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Journaling is my practice.
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The idea is that I want to go beyond a fragmented account of my life.
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Julia Anis, who is an ethicist and a scholar of ancient philosophy who I really admire, calls this making sense of one's life as a whole.
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She discusses this at length in the first chapter of her book, The Morality of Happiness, a book that I highly recommend.
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Even if you're not an academic philosopher, it's pretty readable.
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According to Anis, ancient ethics begins with one simple question.
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Am I satisfied with my life as a whole, with the way that it has developed and the way that it promises to continue?
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For ancient philosophers like Aristotle, the central problem of ethics is happiness, or what they would call eudaimonia.
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We could also call that human flourishing.
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Achieving happiness is no easy task.
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It takes work, and a lot of that work is reflective work, reflecting on one's life as a whole.
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And that is exactly what a regular practice of journaling can provide.
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So if you have been struggling to get started with journaling, maybe give this format a shot.
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All you have to do is write about something that happened to your day, write about something you're proud of, something where you can improve, and then try to place it in the larger context of your life.
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Write that story about yourself.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 B2 级别的口语课以视频“How to Journal”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：write, event, journaling, written, narrative。 这段视频共有 90 个句子、1252 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 6:44。 说话人语速较快，每分钟约 186 个词，会出现较多连读和弱读。 82% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| construct 动词 | /ˈkɑn.stɹʌkt/ | 建造, 建設 /建设 |
| paragraph 名词 | /ˈpæɹəɡɹæf/ | 段, 段落 |
| philosopher 名词 | /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/ | 哲學家 /哲学家 |
| notable 形容词 | /ˈnəʊtəbl̩/ | 著名 |
| misunderstand 动词 | /mɪs.ʌn.də(ɹ)ˈstænd/ | 誤會 /误会, 誤解 /误解 |
| autobiography 名词 | /ˌɔː.tə.baɪˈɒɡ.ɹə.fi/ | 自傳 /自传 |
| spiral 名词 | /ˈspaɪɹəl/ | 螺線 /螺线 |
| cultivate 动词 | /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/ | 耕種 /耕种, 種植 /种植 |
| ethicist 名词 | /ˈɛθɪsɪst/ | 倫理學者 /伦理学者 |
| reliably 副词 | 可靠地 | |
| flourish 动词 | /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/ | 繁榮 /繁荣 |
| fragment 名词 | /ˈfɹæɡmənt/ | 碎片, 碎屑 |
| factual 形容词 | /ˈfæk.tʃ(u)əl/ | 事實 /事实 |
| intentional 形容词 | /ɪnˈtɛnʃənəl/ | 故意, 蓄意 |
| fountain 名词 | /ˈfaʊn.tɪn/ | 噴泉 /喷泉, 噴水池 /喷水池 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| figure out 动词 | 弄清楚 | |
| go through 动词 | 通過 /通过 | |
| turn out 动词 | 原來 /原来 | |
| write down 动词 | 寫下來 /写下来, 寫下 /写下 | |
| zoom out 动词 | /ˌzuːm ˈaʊt/ | 縮小 /缩小 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | I've written · I've built · I've cultivated |
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | improvement, which is · someone who has · those who write |
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | was resolved · is designed |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 25 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 I'm, I've, don't。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “th” 音: ethics /ˈɛθ.ɪks/, ethicist /ˈɛθɪsɪst/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: flourish /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/, intentional /ɪnˈtɛnʃənəl/, anxious /ˈæŋkʃəs/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/, misunderstand /mɪs.ʌn.də(ɹ)ˈstænd/, autobiography /ˌɔː.tə.baɪˈɒɡ.ɹə.fi/, intentional /ɪnˈtɛnʃənəl/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: selective /səˈlɛktɪv/, cultivate /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/, reflective /ɹɪˈflɛktɪv/, resolve /ɹɪˈzɑlv/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: construct /ˈkɑn.stɹʌkt/, paragraph /ˈpæɹəɡɹæf/, misunderstand /mɪs.ʌn.də(ɹ)ˈstænd/, selective /səˈlɛktɪv/, ethics /ˈɛθ.ɪks/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: spiral /ˈspaɪɹəl/, readable /ˈɹiː.də.bəl/, flourish /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/, reflective /ɹɪˈflɛktɪv/, stressful /ˈstɹɛsfəl/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 construct, paragraph, philosopher 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。