Pratique du Shadowing: How to Journal (Like a Philosopher) - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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So if you want to start journaling, it's actually pretty simple.
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There are basically three steps.
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First, just get a journal.
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Find one that you like.
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I like these Lloyd's term soft covers lately.
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Second, get a pen that you like to write with.
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I really like fountain pens, but you should just pick whatever works for you.
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And third, the step is to just write.
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Make a habit of it.
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Try to write every day if you can.
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And if you can't write every day, just write when you feel like it.
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It really is that simple.
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But every time I talk about journaling on this channel, I get one question I'm going to give you a guide to journaling.
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I'm going to tell you what to do when the words aren't flowing.
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And along the way, I am going to talk about journaling's relationship to self -improvement, which is one reason so many of us journal, and also the philosophy behind it all.
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If I'm struggling to write, I found that there is a reliable structure that I can follow that lets me write about a page's worth of content.
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First, I write a paragraph about something that happened that day, or if I'm journaling in the morning, something that happened the day before.
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I'm just writing about some event in my life, something that was notable.
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I'm being selective here.
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I'm not writing about everything that happened to me, and I am not aiming for this to be a comprehensive account of my entire day.
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So as an example, a few days ago, I was writing in my journal about something that happened at work.
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Basically, this event occurred.
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The details don't really matter for this video, but it was something that I found very stressful, but it turned out to be a misunderstanding on my part.
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and There was some stress for me until it was resolved.
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That was a notable enough event that I decided to write about it in my journal.
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So after I've written my factual account of the event in my life, I then try to write about something that I did well.
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This is something I can feel proud of.
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This is an achievement or a little bit of a success, a small victory,
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or even just an instance where I was able to reliably fall back on a habit that I've built up over time.
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to actually figure out what I would need to do to solve the problem.
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Now, because it turned out it was a misunderstanding, I didn't actually have to do much.
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But what I was proud of was
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that I broke the problem up into some smaller problems and started solving the most important ones.
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After I've written that paragraph, I write a paragraph about what did not go well.
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This is an opportunity for me to identify problem areas in my life, to identify places where I want to improve.
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These can over again.
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Or it could be bad habits that I've cultivated that I want to try and break.
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So I'm someone who's prone to anxiety.
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And when a problem arises, I tend to spiral for a little bit.
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I can usually then collect myself and solve the problem.
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But I always go through that anxiety spiral.
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And I want to stop doing that.
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So I try and identify times when I let my anxiety get the best of me.
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And then I try and think about how I can avoid that.
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What are the conditions that make
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to follow because one very effective technique for combating anxiety is figuring out where the anxious mind goes wrong
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and actually being able to reason with yourself
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so far i have written about an event i have written about something i'm proud of
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and something that i'm not proud of a success and a failure
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but after that there's still something else worth writing and
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that is when i try and zoom out
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and think about the bigger picture this part really isn't a paragraph it can
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pages on those days when I have a lot to think about.
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What I'm really trying to do is figure out what this event has in common with other events in my life.
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Or really, I am trying to fit this event into a larger narrative about my life.
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I am giving a sort of internal logic to my life story, and I am using my journal as an opportunity to do that.
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Let's talk a little bit more about this and the philosophy behind it.
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Many philosophers, just to name a few, Charles Taylor, Alistair McIntyre, Martin Heidegger, there are many others, but those are some notable names.
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They think of persons as primarily storytelling beings.
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So what makes us
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persons as opposed to mere animals is that we are able to construct and tell a narrative about ourselves.
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It's not as if we all have a formal narrative written down.
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Despite being someone who has consistently journaled for about a decade, it's not like I have written an autobiography of myself.
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And even those who write autobiographies don't write totally comprehensive accounts of their lives.
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But as we live our lives, we are thinking about how events relate to one another,
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We are looking for coherence and we are placing them in a more or less linear format.
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We're being selective.
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We think about some events more than others, but all the time as we live, we are constructing a narrative about ourselves.
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As we tell this story about ourselves and construct this narrative, really we are constructing who we are.
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What I think is interesting though, is that most of us don't take an active role in this construction.
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We do it out of habit and routine. to break the routine.
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It is designed actually to take a more intentional and active role in telling my life story to myself.
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If my life is a story.
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I want to be its author.
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but I also want to be a good author And that takes practice.
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Journaling is my practice.
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The idea is that I want to go beyond a fragmented account of my life.
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Julia Anis, who is an ethicist and a scholar of ancient philosophy who I really admire, calls this making sense of one's life as a whole.
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She discusses this at length in the first chapter of her book, The Morality of Happiness, a book that I highly recommend.
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Even if you're not an academic philosopher, it's pretty readable.
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According to Anis, ancient ethics begins with one simple question.
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Am I satisfied with my life as a whole, with the way that it has developed and the way that it promises to continue?
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For ancient philosophers like Aristotle, the central problem of ethics is happiness, or what they would call eudaimonia.
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We could also call that human flourishing.
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Achieving happiness is no easy task.
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It takes work, and a lot of that work is reflective work, reflecting on one's life as a whole.
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And that is exactly what a regular practice of journaling can provide.
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So if you have been struggling to get started with journaling, maybe give this format a shot.
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All you have to do is write about something that happened to your day, write about something you're proud of, something where you can improve, and then try to place it in the larger context of your life.
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Write that story about yourself.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau B2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « How to Journal ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : write, event, journaling, written, narrative. Cette vidéo contient 90 phrases et 1252 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 6:44. Le locuteur parle vite, environ 186 mots par minute : attendez-vous à des liaisons et à des sons réduits. 82 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| construct verbe | /ˈkɑn.stɹʌkt/ | construire |
| paragraph nom | /ˈpæɹəɡɹæf/ | paragraphe, alinéa |
| philosopher nom | /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/ | philosophe |
| notable adjectif | /ˈnəʊtəbl̩/ | remarquable, notable |
| misunderstand verbe | /mɪs.ʌn.də(ɹ)ˈstænd/ | mal interpréter, méprendre |
| autobiography nom | /ˌɔː.tə.baɪˈɒɡ.ɹə.fi/ | autobiographie |
| spiral nom | /ˈspaɪɹəl/ | spirale |
| selective adjectif | /səˈlɛktɪv/ | sélectif |
| coherence nom | /koʊˈhɪɹ.ən(t)s/ | cohérence |
| cultivate verbe | /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/ | cultiver |
| ethicist nom | /ˈɛθɪsɪst/ | éthicien |
| reliably adverbe | de manière fiable, fiablement | |
| flourish verbe | /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/ | fleurir |
| fragment nom | /ˈfɹæɡmənt/ | fragment |
| reflective adjectif | /ɹɪˈflɛktɪv/ | réflectif |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| figure out verbe | cerner | |
| go through verbe | traverser | |
| turn out verbe | se finir, se terminer | |
| write down verbe | noter, écrire | |
| zoom out verbe | /ˌzuːm ˈaʊt/ | dézoomer |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | I've written · I've built · I've cultivated |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | improvement, which is · someone who has · those who write |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | was resolved · is designed |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 25 contractions et formes réduites, comme I'm, I've, don't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: ethics /ˈɛθ.ɪks/, ethicist /ˈɛθɪsɪst/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: flourish /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/, intentional /ɪnˈtɛnʃənəl/, anxious /ˈæŋkʃəs/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/, misunderstand /mɪs.ʌn.də(ɹ)ˈstænd/, autobiography /ˌɔː.tə.baɪˈɒɡ.ɹə.fi/, intentional /ɪnˈtɛnʃənəl/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: construct /ˈkɑn.stɹʌkt/, paragraph /ˈpæɹəɡɹæf/, misunderstand /mɪs.ʌn.də(ɹ)ˈstænd/, autobiography /ˌɔː.tə.baɪˈɒɡ.ɹə.fi/, spiral /ˈspaɪɹəl/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme construct, paragraph, philosopher.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.