跟读练习: Why Love Is Harder in a Second Language | Magdalena Hoeller | TED - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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On a cold but sunny autumn afternoon, I was riding on the back of my husband's motorcycle, just cruising along one of our favorite routes around Newcastle.
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On a cold but sunny autumn afternoon, I was riding on the back of my husband's motorcycle, just cruising along one of our favorite routes around Newcastle.
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It was a pretty fresh day, so we were all rugged up in our protective gear.
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At a set of red lights, my husband lifted his visor and he said to me, "Hey, come feel my handles." So naturally, I reached for his hips and gave them a playful squeeze and said, "These handles are perfect, baby." What he, of course meant was his heated motorcycle handles, not his love handles.
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Yeah, a classic and genuine misunderstanding.
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And lucky we both have good humor, otherwise this could have ended in an argument.
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But interactions like these happen every day in intercultural relationships.
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This is not unique to us, of course.
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In fact, one third of Australian marriages are intercultural these days, according to the ABS.
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Which means we've never been more intimately connected across the globe than we are right now.
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What I didn't tell you so far is that I'm from Austria, so my first language is Austrian German, and my husband is from Australia, so he speaks English.
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So these kinds of conversations, misunderstandings, long explanations of jokes and words shape our relationship.
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By a show of hands, who in here knows at least one intercultural couple?
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Maybe it's even you.
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Yeah, exactly.
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Now in my research with intercultural couples, I found many beautiful aspects of having two different languages amongst partners, but also quite a few challenges that monolingual couples don't necessarily have to face.
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Let me ask you this.
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If you cannot flawlessly communicate with the person you want to be closest to in this world, how does that affect your relationship?
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This is what I'm going to answer for you today.
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I speak six languages, and I focus my studies in linguistics.
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And I worked with intercultural couples to uncover their language behavior and their dynamic.
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So let me take you on a journey today through the science behind all of these "love handles" stories out there.
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I'm going to let you in on three specific challenges that intercultural partners have to face on a daily basis, but sometimes don't even know that they're facing them.
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Some of these are very, very hidden.
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Now I'm focusing mostly on romantic relationships here, but you can apply this equally to intercultural friends or even workplace encounters.
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Oddly, these domains sometimes overlap.
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The first challenge I'd like to share with you today is how different languages carry different emotional weights for people.
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What does that mean?
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It basically means that when I say "I love you" in English, it doesn't feel the same as saying "ich liebe dich" for me as a German speaker.
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That's because language isn't just a tool for communication.
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It shapes our emotional experience, and our first language usually evokes the strongest one.
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That's why a declaration of love, which is such an emotionally charged statement, usually holds more weight for someone in their first language than in any language learned later in life.
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Now I grew up with the words “ich liebe dich” from my parents, so over the years of my life, these have gained an emotional weight beyond what any other language can achieve for me.
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So what does that mean for intercultural partners now?
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Imagine a Japanese-French couple, and they speak English together.
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Are they unable to communicate the true strength of their feelings because of this language distance?
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Now my husband and I, we mostly speak English together.
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Does that mean when I say "I love you" in English, it means less because I'm emotionally detached from it?
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We can observe this also with other emotions.
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For example, something that comes up in relationships?
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Anger, frustration.
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Now with anger, it's very often a totally different experience in English.
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It's very often the impact that matters more instead of the words.
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It's the classic, "Honey, it's not what you said, it's how you said it." Sound familiar?
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Yeah. Let me give you an example.
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Early on in my relationship, during an argument, I dropped a certain C-word.
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I'm not going to say what it is, you all know.
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Now at that time in my relationship, I had no grasp how offensive that word is in English.
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To me, it was just four letters string together.
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Just something I heard around the street here in Australia.
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(Laughter) I had no emotional connection to it.
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But my husband, he was shocked and rightly so.
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I've never used it since in any context.
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(Laughter) But that's the thing, when intercultural partners fight, we have to think of many things here.
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Is the word choice right?
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Mine clearly wasn't.
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How does that word land on the other person?
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So what's the impact?
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Mine was clearly horrible and misdirected.
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And thirdly, what is the delivery of it all?
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So what's the intonation?
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Is it too strong, too weak?
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And that's where intercultural partners, they bring their language background, they bring their cultural background to one table and have to negotiate this in a heated moment, at the same time.
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There's too much happening.
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Now fighting is already difficult with monolingual partners, but adding all of these elements, that requires a lot of communication.
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But let's be honest, who actually sits down to determine the terms of a fight before a fight, right?
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It doesn't happen.
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The second challenge I'd like to share with you today is humor.
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Making each other laugh is a big part of relationships, but humor often doesn't translate very well.
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Sometimes a joke is funny in one language, but it falls flat in another.
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Or it could be quite offensive.
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Now linguistically, we can break this down into two parts: into receiving humor and producing humor.
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From a receiving side, a partner might feel unsure if they grasp the true meaning of a joke or just a superficial facet thereof.
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That could be a purely linguistic issue, like not picking up on sarcasm or not recognizing a pun because the language skills just aren't there yet.
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There's also the cultural aspect, of course.
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Partners with different language backgrounds naturally grew up in different in-groups of a joke.
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So the people that understand a joke and the people that don't.
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I never understood why the Aussie phrase "shrimp on a barbie" isn't actually funny to Australians.
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It actually quite annoys them.
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My husband doesn't understand why the super cringey, nostalgic '90s TV show "Liebesg'schichten und Heiratssachen" is so hilarious to me.
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(Laughter) Different in-groups.
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That means that intercultural partners have limited common ground to work with here.
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And if one partner doesn't understand the joke, the other is stuck trying to explain it to them.
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And that conversation is never funny.
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From a producing side, we all know that producing humor in a second language is an incredibly difficult skill to master.
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There are so many elements to get right.
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The subtext of a joke, the punchline, the context, the delivery, all while making sure that it's appropriate and, well, funny.
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Right? Now in my research with intercultural couples, they all confirmed that they feel less funny when joking in a second language with their partners.
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Can you imagine what that does to your self-esteem and to your couple dynamic?
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In one particular interview, one of the male participants said about his wife, "I don't think she's ever made me laugh in English.
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She's a German speaker." Now these sentiments aren’t uncommon.
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Even I can attest to that.
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I always felt that I was effortlessly hilarious in Austrian German, but I couldn't bring that same energy to English, and I was so disheartened that my husband would never know the true comedic genius his wife actually is.
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(Laughter) Such a tragedy.
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(Laughter) But that's the problem here.
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Humor, or the lack thereof, can create distance between partners.
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It can stop us from truly knowing each other.
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I've left the last challenge for you, which I find the most interesting one, and it is also the most hidden one.
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It is something couples deal with and it is so subtle, they very often don't even notice.
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And it is the hidden power dynamics between intercultural partners.
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From a pure language perspective, and we're only talking language here, there is always a partner who is linguistically superior and someone who is inferior.
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You might think now, well, it's the one who speaks the language better, right?
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That can be one aspect, but it's not quite that simple.
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There is many more layers and facets to it.
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You are correct though, one aspect is language proficiency.
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Now even though my English skills are really good and high, my husband is a native speaker.
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He will always be more proficient in English than I am.
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And that puts him at an advantage in a lot of situations.
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He's the one who manages all of our contracts.
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He's the one who explains vocabulary to me during movies when I don't understand.
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All of this isn't a big deal, of course, but in some ways, it flows into the dynamic of our relationship because I am linguistically dependent on him.
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And that is something we never notice on a daily basis.
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It's extremely apparent, though, when we have an argument.
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We're having all these heated discussions in English, my second language, his first language.
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After a day of processing life and work and emotions and conversations in English, it takes me double the energy to find the right words in these heated moments.
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His responses are immediate, but I would very often just like to say, "Thank you for your response.
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I will get back to you in three to five business days." (Laughter) So you see, the partner with the higher language proficiency does have the upper hand here.
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But like I said, there’s other factors, too.
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There's also the global status of the language in use amongst partners.
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Now global player languages like English, Spanish, Mandarin, they are viewed as superior in comparison to lesser-spoken languages.
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So couples naturally gravitate towards them.
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Again, English versus Austrian German?
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I'm not winning so far.
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The dominant global status of English will always take preference, and that flows into the dynamic of our relationship.
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Because we're not speaking my language as much as I'd like to.
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But one factor we cannot forget is the linguistic environment where a couple chooses to live or the country.
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Now in Australia, a native speaker like my husband is in his linguistic comfort zone.
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But if you remove that safe environment, the power dynamics can very much change.
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As soon as we travel to Austria, suddenly, I'm the one ordering food at restaurants.
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I'm the one translating at family events.
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The roles reverse.
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So the power dynamics are not just defined by the couple itself but also by their surroundings.
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I've presented you with a range of hidden language challenges now that intercultural partners face on a daily basis.
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And I think it's pretty apparent: dealing with two different languages here is tricky.
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You might be asking yourself right now, so what's the solution?
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What can we do?
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The bad news is that these things never really go away, no matter how long your relationship lasts.
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My husband and I, we've been together for nine years now, and we still struggle with most of these things.
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The good news is that I can give you two very simple recommendations today.
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The first one is awareness.
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Be aware that your emotions can be guided by your language, love, anger and everything in between.
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Be aware that your humor is rooted in your cultural background, and it sometimes doesn't translate in another language.
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And be aware that your language skills and your surroundings can raise or lower your linguistic power over your partner.
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Because if you're conscious that these things are happening for you behind the scenes, you'll realize that these things are also happening for your partner.
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And only then you can work on my second recommendation together.
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And that is actively build your microculture.
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Your microculture is your perfect blend of both your cultures, your habits, your traditions and your languages.
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So build your love language.
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Invent new words that don't exist.
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Switch between your languages as much as possible.
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Define your own humor.
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Get your own insider jokes.
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Define your own comedic language.
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That's the humor that counts.
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And work towards an equal power dynamic.
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Give each other chances to grow in each other's languages and countries.
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What I want you to take away today is that all these challenges are tricky, but they're also an opportunity to evolve.
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No matter if it's with an intercultural friend or at work or in a romantic relationship.
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Love is hard in a second language, but it's definitely worth it.
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I’m sure you’ll all “handle” it, too.
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Thank you. (Applause)
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关于本课
在本节学习中，我们将探索Magdalena Hoeller在TED演讲中讨论的主题：“为什么在第二语言中爱会更困难”。演讲通过真实的生活场景展示了跨文化关系中的语言障碍，尤其是在情感表达方面。学习者将练习与情感相关的词汇、表达和句式，并能够在日常口语交流中更好地理解和表达自己的感情。我们将涵盖的内容包括：情感表达的不同语言效果和在跨文化关系中常见的交流误解。
重要词汇和短语
- emotional weight - 情感重量；语言对情感的影响。
- misunderstanding - 误解；在交流中出现的不一致理解。
- declaration of love - 爱的宣言；表达爱意的方式。
- cultural differences - 文化差异；不同文化间的习惯和价值观差异。
- intercultural couples - 跨文化伴侣；来自不同文化背景的伴侣。
- emotional connection - 情感联系；人们之间的情感纽带。
本视频练习技巧
为了提升您的英语口语练习，建议您进行跟读练习时注意以下几点：首先，选择短句进行分段练习，可以帮助您更好地理解情感表达的细腻之处。其次，控制语速，让自己在发音和语调上更加自然，力求模仿演讲者的情感表达。除此之外，尝试在不同情境下复述相关情节，以增强对跨文化沟通的理解。同时，关注词汇的正确发音，尤其是涉及情感的词汇。例如，“I love you”与“ich liebe dich”的情感差异，这在雅思口语考试中可能会是热门话题。通过多次练习，您能够提高英语流利度和发音准确性，加强与他人的情感交流。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。
如何在ShadowingEnglish上有效练习
- 选择您的视频： 挑选一段语音清晰、自然的YouTube视频。TED演讲，BBC新闻，电影片段，播客或雅思口语范例都很好。将URL粘贴到搜索栏中。从较短的视频（短于5分钟）以及您真正感兴趣的内容开始——兴趣是最重要的导师。
- 先听，理解上下文： 第一次听的时候，将速度保持在1倍速并仅仅倾听。还不要尝试重复。专注于理解其含义，收集新词汇，并注意讲话人如何强调单词，连读声音及使用停顿。
- 设置跟读模式：
- 等待模式：选择
+3s或+5s——在每句话播放完毕后，视频会自动暂停以便您有时间大声重复它。如果您想完全控制并在每次重复后由您自己点击下一步，请选择手动。 - 字幕同步：YouTube字幕有时会在音频前或后略微出现。使用
±100ms使它们完美对齐以助您准确跟读。
- 等待模式：选择
- 大声跟读（核心练习）： 这是真正发生改变的一步。当一个句子播放出来立刻——或在暂停期间——大声、清晰且自信地重复出来。千万不要只是张张嘴：要模仿说话者的准确节奏、重音、音高和连读。力求听上去就像说话者的影子，而不仅是逐字背诵。使用重复功能多次练习同一个句子，直到感觉自然为止。
- 提高难度： 当练习段落变得相对舒适后，就去挑战自我。将速度增加至 <code>1.25x</code> 或甚至 <code>1.5x</code> 以训练高速语言反射。或者将等待模式调整为 <code>关闭</code> 以进行连续跟读——这是最进阶同样收益最大的模式。持续的每日15–30分钟的练习将可以在几周内产生可见的效果。