تدريب Shadowing: FREE CCNA Lab 001: Basic Router Security Configuration 1 - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
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108 جمل
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Welcome to this free Cisco CCNA Packet Tracer Practice Lab.
أهلاً بكم في مختبر التدريب المجاني هذا لبرنامج Cisco CCNA Packet Tracer.
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You can download the lab file from the link in the description.
يمكنك تنزيل ملف المختبر من الرابط الموجود في الوصف.
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See if you can complete the lab yourself first, and then continue watching this video if you have any trouble,
حاول إكمال المختبر بنفسك أولاً، ثم استمر في مشاهدة هذا الفيديو إذا واجهت أي صعوبة.
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or watch it afterwards to check your solution.
أو شاهده لاحقاً للتحقق من حلك.
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In this lab, we will be working with two routers, R1 and R2.
في هذا المختبر، سنعمل مع جهازي توجيه (راوتر) هما R1 و R2.
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We will configure basic security on the routers by using the enable password, which is used to enter privileged exec mode,
سنقوم بتكوين الإعدادات الأمنية الأساسية على أجهزة التوجيه باستخدام كلمة مرور التمكين، التي تُستخدم للدخول إلى وضع التنفيذ المتميز.
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also known as enable mode.
يُعرف أيضًا باسم وضع التمكين.
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I will only work with one of the routers in this video for the sake of time,
سأعمل مع أحد الموجهات فقط في هذا الفيديو نظراً للوقت.
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but I highly recommend that you perform the configurations on both of the routers for practice.
لكنني أوصي بشدة بأن تقوم بإجراء التكوينات على كلا الموجهين لأغراض التدريب.
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Repetition is essential to become familiar with the command Handline Interface or CLI.
التكرار أمر ضروري لكي تتعود على واجهة سطر الأوامر أو CLI.
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Step 1 is to connect the two routers by their Gigabit Ethernet 00 interfaces.
الخطوة الأولى هي توصيل جهازي التوجيه من خلال واجهات Gigabit Ethernet 00 الخاصة بكل منهما.
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I will refer to these as the Gig00 interfaces.
سأشير إلى هذه الواجهات باسم واجهات Gig00.
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Click on Connections in the bottom left and select the cable.
انقر على "الاتصالات" في الأسفل اليسار واختر الكبل.
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Connect it to the Gig00 interface on R1 and then R2.
قم بتوصيله بواجهة Gig00 على R1 ثم على R2.
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There we have it!
ها قد حصلنا عليه!
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Step 1 is complete.
اكتملت الخطوة الأولى.
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Step 2 is to set the host names according to the network diagram, that is to R1 and R2.
الخطوة الثانية هي تعيين أسماء المضيفين وفقًا لمخطط الشبكة، أي إلى R1 و R2.
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Click on each router and then select CLI to access the command line interface from which we will configure each router.
انقر على كل جهاز توجيه (router) ثم اختر خيار CLI للوصول إلى واجهة سطر الأوامر التي سنقوم من خلالها بتكوين كل جهاز توجيه.
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The current hostname for each router is displayed here.
يُعرض هنا اسم المضيف الحالي لكل جهاز توجيه.
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As you can see, each router is currently named Router.
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To change the hostname of a router, we must enter
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Global Configuration mode, however to get there we must first enter
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Privileged Exec mode.
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This is achieved by using the Enable command.
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To demonstrate a shortcut, I will use the exit command to return to the previous exec mode.
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Notice that you can enter privileged exec mode by simply typing en.
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You can also type en and then use tab to autocomplete it to enable, but this isn't necessary, en alone is fine.
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E, however, is too short, and we are told this is an ambiguous command.
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This is because there are other potential commands that begin with E, which we can see by typing E and then a question mark.
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As you can see, there are two potential commands, enable and exit.
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So if you just enter E, the router doesn't know which command you mean.
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However, enable is the only command beginning with en, so en is all the router needs to know which command you mean.
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Now that we are in privileged exec mode, we can use the configure terminal command to get to global configuration mode.
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If you want to use shortcuts again as we did with enable and en, the shortest version of the configure terminal command is conf t.
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From here we can set the hostname of the router.
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This is done with the hostname command.
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I will enter hostname R1.
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As you can see, the hostname has changed from router to R1.
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Change the hostname on R2 as well, and then step 2 is complete.
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Step 3 is to set the enable password on each router to Cisco.
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The enable password is used to enter privileged exec mode, which as I mentioned before is also called enable mode.
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Previously we had no password set, so we were able to enter privileged exec mode without any password.
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Now we are going to protect privileged exec mode so that only administrators can access it.
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The command is simple, and it is done in global configuration mode, which we are already in.
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Type enable password cisco.
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That's it.
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Now let's test it out.
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From here I will use the exit command twice.
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Once to bring me back to privileged exec mode, and then once again to bring me back to exec mode.
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Now I will use the enable command again.
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However, this time I am asked for a password.
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The characters do not appear as I type.
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However, if I type the password Cisco correctly and press enter, I am brought to privileged exec mode.
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Now let's see what happens if I fail to enter the correct password.
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I enter the wrong password once, twice, and then three times before being rejected for having bad secrets.
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Now I will try again with the correct password, and I'm in.
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Step 3 is now complete.
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Step 4 is simply to view the password in the running configuration.
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The running configuration is the current configuration of the router, whether or not you have actually saved it.
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If you turn off the router without saving the running configuration, you will lose any changes.
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If you want to keep your changes, you will save them to what's called the startup configuration.
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That will be for another lab.
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To view the running configuration, use the show running config command from privileged exec mode, which we are already in.
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You can abbreviate it to, for example, shrun.
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Enter the command, and you can see the password right here, with the exact command we used before, enable password cisco.
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Step 4 asks if the password is encrypted, meaning translated into an unreadable code,
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to protect it from being discovered by people who should not know the password.
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As you can see it is not encrypted, it is written in clear text right here,
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Cisco, so the answer is no. Step 4 is now complete.
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Step 5 is to enable password encryption on the router.
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We can protect passwords by encrypting them to render them unreadable.
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This is done from global configuration mode with the command service password hyphen encryption.
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I will enter the command and now step 5 is complete.
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Step 6 is to once again view the running config.
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I will use the same command as before, and now let's check the password.
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However, the command doesn't work.
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That is because we are currently in global configuration mode, and showrunnconfig must be entered from privileged exec mode.
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Now, I could type exit to drop back to privileged exec mode, and then enter the command.
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But there is one more way.
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If I type do in front of the command, I can enter it from global configuration mode.
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Do show running config.
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There we go.
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Let's look at the password.
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You can see here enable password followed by a 7 and then a string of other numbers.
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The password has successfully been encrypted.
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Although we didn't type this 7 when we entered the command, it refers to the type of encryption used.
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There are other types as well, but that's not something to worry about now.
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The string of numbers that follow are the password Cisco, encrypted to be unreadable, so that anyone looking over our shoulder can't read the password.
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Keep in mind that the encryption used in the Service Password Encryption command isn't very secure and can be cracked,
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but this at least renders the password safe from someone simply glancing over your shoulder.
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Step 6 is complete.
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Step 7 is to disable password encryption.
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We enabled password encryption with the Service Password Encryption command.
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Now we will simply type no, followed by the same command.
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No Service Password Encryption.
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That's it.
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Step 7 is now complete.
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Step 8 is once again to view the password in the running configuration.
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This time I'll exit down to privileged exec mode and type show running config to view the running configuration.
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As you can see, the password is still encrypted.
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Why is that, even though we disabled password encryption?
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Well, disabling password encryption will prevent future passwords from being encrypted.
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However, it does not unencrypt passwords that are already encrypted.
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So the answer to step 8 is yes, the password is encrypted.
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Step 8 and the lab are both now complete.
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If you want to support my channel, I accept Bitcoin donations via the address in the description.
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I am also a Brave verified publisher and accept BAT donations in the Brave browser.
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Thank you.
تنزيل التطبيق
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تقييم النطق بالذكاء الاصطناعيتقييم كل جملة
تدريب IPAأتقن كل صوت
المفرداتابنِ رصيدك من الكلمات
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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس
هذا الدرس في المحادثة مبني على الفيديو “FREE CCNA Lab 001: Basic Router Security Configuration 1”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: password, command, mode, router, step. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 108 جملة و1307 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 9:58. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة ثابتة، نحو 131 كلمة في الدقيقة، وهي سرعة مريحة للترديد. 78% فقط من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، فالمفردات صعبة نسبيًا.
أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو
15 كلمة من الفيديو تستحق التعلّم، مع النطق والمعنى:
| الكلمة | النطق | المعنى |
|---|---|---|
| password اسم | /ˈpæs.wɜɹd/ | كَلِمَةُ سِرّ, كَلِمَةُ مُرُور |
| privilege اسم | /ˈpɹɪv.(ɪ.)lɪd͡ʒ/ | اِمْتِيَاز |
| exit اسم | /ˈɛɡzət/ | خُرُوج |
| interface اسم | /ˈɪn(t)ɚˌfeɪs/ | تَعْشِيق, وَاجِهَة |
| refer فعل | /ɹɪˈfɜː/ | أَشَارَ |
| select فعل | /sɪˈlɛkt/ | اِخْتَارَ |
| string اسم | /stɹɪŋ/ | وَتَر |
| connect فعل | /kəˈnɛkt/ | رَبَطَ |
| donation اسم | /doʊˈneɪʃən/ | تَبَرُّع, هِبَة |
| render فعل | /ˈɹɛn.dɚ/ | جَعَلَ, صَيَّرَ |
| successfully ظرف | /səkˈsɛs.fə.li/ | بِنَجَاحٍ |
| afterwards ظرف | /ˈæf.tɚ.wɚdz/ | أَخِير, بَعْدَ ذٰلِك |
| crack اسم | /kɹæk/ | صَدْع |
| sake اسم | /ˈseɪ̯k/ | غاية, غَرَض |
| discover فعل | /dɪˈskʌvə/ | اِكْتَشَفَ |
القواعد في هذا الفيديو
أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:
| التركيب | في الفيديو |
|---|---|
| المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعله | is displayed · is achieved · are told |
| المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآن | has changed · have actually saved |
| جمل الوصل who / which + جملة — معلومة إضافية عن شخص أو شيء | password, which is · people who should |
نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه
يستخدم المتحدث 8 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل doesn't, isn't, can't. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.
- أصوات “sh” و“zh”: configuration /kənˌfɪɡ.əˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən/, encryption /ɪnˈkɹɪpʃən/, donation /doʊˈneɪʃən/, publisher /ˈpʌblɪʃɚ/, shortcut /ˈʃɔːtkʌt/
- الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: configuration /kənˌfɪɡ.əˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən/, successfully /səkˈsɛs.fə.li/, administrator /ədˈmɪn.ɪ.stɹeɪ.tɚ/, ambiguous /æmˈbɪɡ.ju.əs/, abbreviate /əˈbɹi.vi.eɪt/
أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:
- /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: password /ˈpæs.wɜɹd/, privilege /ˈpɹɪv.(ɪ.)lɪd͡ʒ/, encryption /ɪnˈkɹɪpʃən/, publisher /ˈpʌblɪʃɚ/, startup /ˈstɑɹtˌʌp/
- /v/ — ليس /f/: مع اهتزاز الأوتار الصوتية: privilege /ˈpɹɪv.(ɪ.)lɪd͡ʒ/, discover /dɪˈskʌvə/, verify /ˈvɛɹɪfaɪ/, abbreviate /əˈbɹi.vi.eɪt/
- تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: password /ˈpæs.wɜɹd/, privilege /ˈpɹɪv.(ɪ.)lɪd͡ʒ/, encryption /ɪnˈkɹɪpʃən/, select /sɪˈlɛkt/, string /stɹɪŋ/
كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو
- استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
- ردّد جملة جملة بالسرعة العادية، وكرّر كل جملة حتى يتطابق إيقاعك مع المتحدث.
- سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل password, privilege, exit.
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.