Практика Shadowing: FREE CCNA Lab 001: Basic Router Security Configuration 1 - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
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Welcome to this free Cisco CCNA Packet Tracer Practice Lab.
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You can download the lab file from the link in the description.
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See if you can complete the lab yourself first, and then continue watching this video if you have any trouble,
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or watch it afterwards to check your solution.
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In this lab, we will be working with two routers, R1 and R2.
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We will configure basic security on the routers by using the enable password, which is used to enter privileged exec mode,
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also known as enable mode.
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I will only work with one of the routers in this video for the sake of time,
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but I highly recommend that you perform the configurations on both of the routers for practice.
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Repetition is essential to become familiar with the command Handline Interface or CLI.
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Step 1 is to connect the two routers by their Gigabit Ethernet 00 interfaces.
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I will refer to these as the Gig00 interfaces.
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Click on Connections in the bottom left and select the cable.
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Connect it to the Gig00 interface on R1 and then R2.
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There we have it!
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Step 1 is complete.
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Step 2 is to set the host names according to the network diagram, that is to R1 and R2.
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Click on each router and then select CLI to access the command line interface from which we will configure each router.
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The current hostname for each router is displayed here.
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As you can see, each router is currently named Router.
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To change the hostname of a router, we must enter
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Global Configuration mode, however to get there we must first enter
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Privileged Exec mode.
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This is achieved by using the Enable command.
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To demonstrate a shortcut, I will use the exit command to return to the previous exec mode.
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Notice that you can enter privileged exec mode by simply typing en.
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You can also type en and then use tab to autocomplete it to enable, but this isn't necessary, en alone is fine.
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E, however, is too short, and we are told this is an ambiguous command.
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This is because there are other potential commands that begin with E, which we can see by typing E and then a question mark.
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As you can see, there are two potential commands, enable and exit.
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So if you just enter E, the router doesn't know which command you mean.
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However, enable is the only command beginning with en, so en is all the router needs to know which command you mean.
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Now that we are in privileged exec mode, we can use the configure terminal command to get to global configuration mode.
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If you want to use shortcuts again as we did with enable and en, the shortest version of the configure terminal command is conf t.
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From here we can set the hostname of the router.
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This is done with the hostname command.
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I will enter hostname R1.
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As you can see, the hostname has changed from router to R1.
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Change the hostname on R2 as well, and then step 2 is complete.
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Step 3 is to set the enable password on each router to Cisco.
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The enable password is used to enter privileged exec mode, which as I mentioned before is also called enable mode.
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Previously we had no password set, so we were able to enter privileged exec mode without any password.
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Now we are going to protect privileged exec mode so that only administrators can access it.
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The command is simple, and it is done in global configuration mode, which we are already in.
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Type enable password cisco.
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That's it.
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Now let's test it out.
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From here I will use the exit command twice.
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Once to bring me back to privileged exec mode, and then once again to bring me back to exec mode.
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Now I will use the enable command again.
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However, this time I am asked for a password.
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The characters do not appear as I type.
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However, if I type the password Cisco correctly and press enter, I am brought to privileged exec mode.
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Now let's see what happens if I fail to enter the correct password.
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I enter the wrong password once, twice, and then three times before being rejected for having bad secrets.
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Now I will try again with the correct password, and I'm in.
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Step 3 is now complete.
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Step 4 is simply to view the password in the running configuration.
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The running configuration is the current configuration of the router, whether or not you have actually saved it.
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If you turn off the router without saving the running configuration, you will lose any changes.
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If you want to keep your changes, you will save them to what's called the startup configuration.
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That will be for another lab.
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To view the running configuration, use the show running config command from privileged exec mode, which we are already in.
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You can abbreviate it to, for example, shrun.
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Enter the command, and you can see the password right here, with the exact command we used before, enable password cisco.
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Step 4 asks if the password is encrypted, meaning translated into an unreadable code,
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to protect it from being discovered by people who should not know the password.
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As you can see it is not encrypted, it is written in clear text right here,
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Cisco, so the answer is no. Step 4 is now complete.
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Step 5 is to enable password encryption on the router.
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We can protect passwords by encrypting them to render them unreadable.
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This is done from global configuration mode with the command service password hyphen encryption.
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I will enter the command and now step 5 is complete.
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Step 6 is to once again view the running config.
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I will use the same command as before, and now let's check the password.
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However, the command doesn't work.
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That is because we are currently in global configuration mode, and showrunnconfig must be entered from privileged exec mode.
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Now, I could type exit to drop back to privileged exec mode, and then enter the command.
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But there is one more way.
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If I type do in front of the command, I can enter it from global configuration mode.
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Do show running config.
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There we go.
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Let's look at the password.
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You can see here enable password followed by a 7 and then a string of other numbers.
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The password has successfully been encrypted.
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Although we didn't type this 7 when we entered the command, it refers to the type of encryption used.
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There are other types as well, but that's not something to worry about now.
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The string of numbers that follow are the password Cisco, encrypted to be unreadable, so that anyone looking over our shoulder can't read the password.
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Keep in mind that the encryption used in the Service Password Encryption command isn't very secure and can be cracked,
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but this at least renders the password safe from someone simply glancing over your shoulder.
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Step 6 is complete.
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Step 7 is to disable password encryption.
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We enabled password encryption with the Service Password Encryption command.
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Now we will simply type no, followed by the same command.
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No Service Password Encryption.
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That's it.
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Step 7 is now complete.
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Step 8 is once again to view the password in the running configuration.
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This time I'll exit down to privileged exec mode and type show running config to view the running configuration.
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As you can see, the password is still encrypted.
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Why is that, even though we disabled password encryption?
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Well, disabling password encryption will prevent future passwords from being encrypted.
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However, it does not unencrypt passwords that are already encrypted.
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So the answer to step 8 is yes, the password is encrypted.
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Step 8 and the lab are both now complete.
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If you want to support my channel, I accept Bitcoin donations via the address in the description.
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I am also a Brave verified publisher and accept BAT donations in the Brave browser.
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Thank you.
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «FREE CCNA Lab 001: Basic Router Security Configuration 1». Чаще всего повторяются слова: password, command, mode, router, step. В этом видео 108 предложений и 1307 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 9:58. Говорящий держит ровный темп — около 131 слов в минуту, удобный для шедоуинга. Только 78% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| password существительное | /ˈpæs.wɜɹd/ | паро́ль |
| enable глагол | /ɪˈneɪ.bəl/ | дава́ть возмо́жность, уполномо́чивать |
| configuration существительное | /kənˌfɪɡ.əˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən/ | конфигура́ция |
| privilege существительное | /ˈpɹɪv.(ɪ.)lɪd͡ʒ/ | привиле́гия, льго́та |
| encryption существительное | /ɪnˈkɹɪpʃən/ | шифрова́ние, шифро́вка |
| exit существительное | /ˈɛɡzət/ | вы́ход |
| interface существительное | /ˈɪn(t)ɚˌfeɪs/ | интерфе́йс |
| disable глагол | /dɪsˈeɪbəl/ | де́лать неспосо́бным |
| refer глагол | /ɹɪˈfɜː/ | ссыла́ться, сосла́ться |
| select глагол | /sɪˈlɛkt/ | отбира́ть |
| string существительное | /stɹɪŋ/ | бечёвка, верёвка |
| connect глагол | /kəˈnɛkt/ | свя́зывать, связа́ть |
| terminal существительное | /ˈtɚmɪnəl/ | аэровокза́л, термина́л |
| donation существительное | /doʊˈneɪʃən/ | поже́ртвование, дар |
| render глагол | /ˈɹɛn.dɚ/ | вызвать, стать причиной |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Значение |
|---|---|
| look over глагол | просма́тривать, просмотре́ть |
| turn off глагол | выключа́ть, вы́ключить |
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | is displayed · is achieved · are told |
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | has changed · have actually saved |
| Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете | password, which is · people who should |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 8 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например doesn't, isn't, can't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: configuration /kənˌfɪɡ.əˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən/, encryption /ɪnˈkɹɪpʃən/, donation /doʊˈneɪʃən/, publisher /ˈpʌblɪʃɚ/, shortcut /ˈʃɔːtkʌt/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: configuration /kənˌfɪɡ.əˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən/, successfully /səkˈsɛs.fə.li/, administrator /ədˈmɪn.ɪ.stɹeɪ.tɚ/, ambiguous /æmˈbɪɡ.ju.əs/, abbreviate /əˈbɹi.vi.eɪt/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- /w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: password /ˈpæs.wɜɹd/, afterwards /ˈæf.tɚ.wɚdz/
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: password /ˈpæs.wɜɹd/, privilege /ˈpɹɪv.(ɪ.)lɪd͡ʒ/, afterwards /ˈæf.tɚ.wɚdz/, config /ˌkənˈfɪɡ/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Повторяйте предложение за предложением на обычной скорости, пока ваш ритм не совпадёт с ритмом говорящего.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как password, enable, configuration.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.