تدريب Shadowing: Stop Saying "I Have Went" — Learn Present Perfect the Right Way - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
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1
Hey, everyone.
مرحباً بالجميع.
2
Welcome back to The Learning Lab, the podcast where we make English learning feel like you're just hanging out with friends,
أهلاً بكم مجدداً في "مختبر التعلم"، البودكاست الذي يجعل تعلم اللغة الإنجليزية يشبه أنك تقضي وقتاً ممتعاً مع الأصدقاء.
3
not sitting in a boring classroom.
لا أجلس في فصل دراسي ممل.
4
I'm Jame, and as always, I'm sitting here with the one and only...
أنا جيم، وكالعادة، أنا جالس هنا مع الشخص الوحيد والفريد...
5
Jenny, that's me.
جيني، هذا أنا.
6
Hi, hi, hi, everybody.
أهلاً، أهلاً، أهلاً بالجميع.
7
Oh my gosh, I'm so happy to be back because last week was, okay, real talk.
يا إلهي، أنا سعيد جدًا بالعودة لأن الأسبوع الماضي كان، حسنًا، بصراحة تامة.
8
I totally lost my voice on the day we were supposed to record, and I felt so bad.
فقدت صوتي تماماً في اليوم الذي كان من المفترض أن نسجل فيه، وشعرت بسوء بالغ.
9
But I'm back now.
لكنني عدت الآن.
10
My voice is working again.
صوتي عاد للعمل مرة أخرى.
11
So let's go.
إذًا هيا بنا.
12
She really did.
لقد فعلت ذلك حقًا.
13
She sent me a voice message and I could barely understand anything she was saying.
أرسلت لي رسالة صوتية ولم أستطع فهم أي شيء تقوله تقريباً.
14
It sounded like she was whispering from inside a pillow.
بدا صوتها وكأنها تهمس من داخل وسادة.
15
Very dramatic, Jenny.
مبالغ فيه جداً، جيني.
16
Very dramatic.
مثير للدراما جداً.
17
But okay, okay.
18
Today's episode, we have something really, really good for you guys.
19
Yes.
20
Today we are talking about, okay, this is one of those grammar points that I feel like everyone hears about and immediately goes,
21
Oh no, not this one.
22
But I promise, I promise, by the end of this episode, you are going to feel so much more confident.
23
We're talking about the present perfect tense.
24
The present perfect.
25
And honestly, I remember when I first learned this tense, I was so confused.
26
I kept thinking, wait, is this past?
27
Is this present?
28
Why is it called present perfect if it talks about things that already happened?
29
Like, what does that even mean?
30
And I think a lot of learners feel exactly the same way, right?
31
Oh, absolutely.
32
That was 100 % me, too.
33
I used to just avoid it completely, like I would just use simple past for everything and hope nobody noticed.
34
I go to the store yesterday.
35
Yikes.
36
Yeah, not great.
37
But we're going to break it all down today in the most simple, relaxed way we can, so don't worry.
38
And if you're new here, welcome.
39
We are so glad you found us.
40
This podcast is made for intermediate English learners who want to understand grammar in a way that feels natural and not scary.
41
We explain things like two real people talking, because that's literally what we are.
42
Two real people talking.
43
Two very imperfect people talking about the present perfect.
44
Okay, I love that.
45
That's so funny.
46
All right, James, shall we get into it?
47
Let's start from the beginning.
48
Like, what even is the present perfect, and why do we need it?
49
Okay, so let's start with the big question.
50
What is the present perfect?
51
In the simplest way I can say it, the present perfect is a tense we use to talk about things that happened in the past,
52
but they still have some kind of connection to right now, to the present.
53
That's the key idea.
54
The past happened, but it's still relevant now right right
55
and that's what makes
56
it different from the simple past like the simple past just says something happened full stop done finished goodbye
57
but the present perfect says something happened
58
and it still matters in some way right now does
59
that make sense let me try to give a quick example
60
so people can feel the difference yes please give us an example
61
Jenny because I think examples are everything with this tense like you can explain the rules all day
62
but examples are what make it click in your brain okay
63
so imagine i ate breakfast this morning that's simple past right i ate it it's done end of story
64
but now imagine someone asks hey are you hungry do you want some food
65
and i say no thanks i'm good i've already eaten you hear
66
that that's present perfect because whether i ate matters right now it explains why i don't want food at this moment.
67
Oh, that is such a good example.
68
And honestly, food examples are the best because everyone understands food, you know?
69
No matter what language you speak, everyone has eaten something and everyone knows what hungry feels like.
70
But okay, so let's talk about how to actually make this tense because before you can use it, you need to know the formula.
71
Yes, okay, so the structure, the formula for present perfect is actually really clean.
72
It goes subject, then the verb have or has, and then the past participle of the main verb.
73
So I have plus the past participle or he has plus the past participle.
74
That's it.
75
That's the whole formula.
76
Simple, right?
77
Wait, wait, wait.
78
I want to make sure everyone heard that clearly.
79
So have or has.
80
When do we use which one?
81
Because I know that trips people up a lot.
82
Like I used to just randomly pick one and hope for the best.
83
Not a good strategy, by the way.
84
Okay, so this part is easy, really.
85
you use have with i you we and they
86
and you use has with he she and it
87
so i have eaten you have eaten we have eaten they have eaten
88
and then he has eaten she has eaten it has gone wrong you know does
89
that help perfect yes and in everyday speaking we usually shorten have and has with contractions.
90
So instead of, I have eaten, we say, i've eaten instead of she has gone we say she's gone that's really important to know
91
because when you're listening to native speakers you'll almost never hear the full have you'll hear the short form
92
so your ear needs to be ready for that yes
93
and honestly this is why people sometimes feel like they missed something
94
when listening to english because the have gets
95
so squished it disappears into the sentence like i've been there sounds almost like i've been there
96
when people talk fast don't panic when that happens just know
97
that the present perfect is hiding in there okay
98
so now the past participle because i know that's the part
99
that can feel a little scary the past participle is basically the third form of a verb
100
and for regular verbs totally easy
101
you just add ed at the end walk becomes walked clean
102
becomes cleaned watch becomes watched same as simple paths for regular verbs.
103
Right, so I've watched that movie.
104
Watch, watched, watched.
105
Easy.
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But then there are the irregular verbs, and these you just have to learn.
107
They don't follow the ED rule.
108
Like eat, the past participle is eaten, not eated.
109
Go becomes gone.
110
See becomes seen.
111
Write becomes written.
112
Do becomes done.
113
And look, I'm not going to lie to you.
114
You do have to memorize a regular verbs there's no shortcut for that part
115
but the good news is you probably already know a lot
116
of them from basic vocabulary practice like have i've had lunch have had had
117
and be she's been to japan be was been these start to feel natural with practice
118
and speaking of been to i love that one
119
because it comes up so often in real conversations like
120
if someone asks have you ever been to thailand that's present perfect
121
or I've never been to London and you can answer with yes I have
122
or no I haven't
123
that little exchange happens all the time at parties at work everywhere oh
124
this is actually a great point one of the biggest uses of the present perfect is talking about experiences things
125
you have done or haven't done in your life without saying exactly
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when like I have tried sushi or she has never ridden a horse.
127
The when doesn't matter.
128
What matters is whether the experience happened at all.
129
That's so common in small talk.
130
Exactly.
131
And the words ever and never, those are your best friends with this use.
132
Have you ever eaten durian?
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I mean, I have, and I'm still recovering emotionally from that experience, honestly.
134
Durian is, it's a lot.
135
If you don't know durian, it's a fruit that smells very strong.
136
Very, very strong.
137
Okay, so the other big uses of present perfect.
138
Jenny, do you want to take the next one?
139
I think the one about just, already, and yet is really practical, and people hear those words all the time.
140
Oh, yes, yes, yes.
141
Okay, so we also use present perfect with those little time words, just, already, and yet, and they are so useful.
142
Just means something happened a very short time ago like i've just finished my homework
143
i finished it like two minutes ago it's still fresh
144
already means something happened sooner than expected like she's already left wow she left
145
so fast and yet is for negatives
146
and questions like i haven't eaten yet meaning i still haven't done it
147
or have you paid yet meaning is it done i love those words
148
because they carry
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so much meaning like yet in a question sounds a little impatient have you done
150
it yet You can almost feel the person tapping their foot and already in a sentence can sound surprised.
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You've already finished
152
It's amazing how much emotion is packed into those tiny words
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Tone matters so much in English and okay one more use because this is important
154
We use present perfect when we're talking about something
155
that started in the past and is still happening now this usually goes with for
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and since like I've lived in this city for five years it started five years ago
157
and I'm still living here or she's worked at
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that company since 2018 she started in 2018
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and she's still working there now mmm
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and that's a big difference from the simple past because
161
if you say I lived in this city for five years past tense that means you don't live there anymore.
162
You moved.
163
It's finished.
164
But I've lived here for five years.
165
You're still there, present and past, connected.
166
That's the present perfect doing its job.
167
Okay, I love how you said that, present and past, connected.
168
That's honestly the best way to remember what this tense is doing.
169
It's a bridge between then and now.
170
It's not just history, it's living history.
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Okay, that was a bit tragic, but I think it's true.
172
It's living history.
173
I love that.
174
Okay, so just to quickly recap the main uses before we move on.
175
Number one, experiences in your life without saying when.
176
Number two, things that just happened, already happened, or haven't happened yet.
177
And number three, actions or situations that started in the past and are still true right now.
178
Three uses.
179
And they all use the same structure, have or has, plus the past participle.
180
Three uses, one structure.
181
Okay, I think we're ready to do a little role play, Jame, because I feel like we've been talking about the grammar for a while,
182
and now it's time to actually hear it in a conversation, you know?
183
Let's make it feel real.
184
Hey, Jenny.
185
Oh, wow, it's so good to see you.
186
It feels like forever.
187
I haven't seen you in months.
188
What have you been up to?
189
Jame, oh my gosh, I know.
190
It's been so long.
191
I'm good, actually.
192
I've been really busy lately.
193
I started a new job, and honestly, it's been a lot to handle, but I like it.
194
No way.
195
A new job?
196
Have you ever worked in that field before
197
or is it totally new for you kind of i've done a little bit of it before
198
but nothing this big it's mostly new and you know i've already learned
199
so many things in just the first few weeks it's intense
200
but exciting what about you anything new actually yes
201
i've just moved to a new apartment it happened like two weeks ago i'm still settling in
202
but i love the neighborhood oh
203
and this is random i've started cooking more at home like actually cooking not just making instant noodles.
204
Wait, really?
205
Wow, that's amazing!
206
Have you tried making anything fancy yet, or still just the basic stuff?
207
Okay, don't laugh, but I've tried to make pasta twice, and it went pretty well both times, although I burned the garlic the second time.
208
It happens.
209
But yeah, I've never felt more like a real adult.
210
Burned garlic is part of the cooking experience, I think.
211
You know, by the way, I've always wanted to visit that new Italian restaurant nearby.
212
Have you been there yet?
213
I haven't been there yet, no. We should totally go together.
214
Let's make a plan before we both disappear for another six months, huh?
215
Okay, did you all catch that?
216
We just used the present perfect like seven or eight times in that little conversation, and it all sounded totally natural, right?
217
It wasn't forced or weird.
218
It just flowed, because that's how real people talk.
219
You say, I've just moved.
220
You say, have you been there yet?
221
You say, I've always wanted to.
222
It's everywhere once you start noticing it.
223
Honestly, this is my favorite way to practice.
224
Just listen to real conversations and try to spot the present perfect every time it appears.
225
It's like a little grammar treasure hunt.
226
You'll start seeing it everywhere in podcasts and TV shows and songs and texts from friends.
227
Once you know what to look for, it's hard to miss.
228
Okay, so now we get to my personal favorite part of every episode, which is the common mistakes section.
229
And I say favorite because, look, I have made every single one of these mistakes myself, so I feel very comfortable talking about them.
230
No shame, we all make mistakes.
231
That's how we learn, right?
232
Absolutely no shame.
233
And honestly, knowing the common mistakes ahead of time, it's like having a map of the places where people usually get lost,
234
so you can avoid those traps before you walk into them.
235
Okay, Jenny, what's the first big mistake?
236
Okay, mistake number one, and this is the classic, this is the one that almost every learner makes at some point.
237
It's using the present perfect with a specific time in the past.
238
Like saying, I have eaten sushi yesterday.
239
That is wrong because yesterday is a finished specific time.
240
It's gone.
241
It's done.
242
So you need simple past.
243
I ate sushi yesterday.
244
The present perfect doesn't go with specific finished times.
245
Oh, yes.
246
This is such a common one.
247
I remember one time I said to my teacher, I have gone to the market last Saturday.
248
And she looked at me with this very patient smile.
249
You know, the smile where they don't want to embarrass you, but they need to correct you.
250
And she said, Jane, that needs to be simple past.
251
I still think about that moment.
252
The patient teacher smile.
253
I know exactly what you mean.
254
OK, mistake number two.
255
And this one is about gone and been.
256
Lerner sometimes makes these up.
257
So he has gone to Paris means he went to Paris and he's still there.
258
He hasn't come back.
259
But he has been to Paris means he went to Paris at some point in his life and he's back now.
260
It's a small difference, but it actually changes the meaning completely.
261
I love that example because it seems small, but imagine the confusion.
262
My boss has gone to a meeting versus my boss has been to a meeting.
263
In the first one, she's still in the meeting.
264
In the second one, she already finished it and she's back.
265
Very different situations.
266
Very different consequences if you're trying to reach her. So practical.
267
Okay, mistake number three, forgetting the past participle and using the simple past form instead.
268
So saying things like I have saw that film instead of I have seen that film,
269
or she has went there instead of she has gone there.
270
I think this happens because people are thinking of the simple past form when they should be thinking of the past participle.
271
They're related but different.
272
And look, irregular verbs really are the thing here.
273
If you're not sure about the past participle of a verb, just look it up.
274
Keep a list of the most common irregular verbs and their past participle somewhere handy.
275
Your phone, a notebook, a sticky note on your wall.
276
Whatever works for you.
277
Because once you know them, this whole tense becomes so much easier.
278
Totally agree.
279
And the last little mistake I want to mention, okay, this one is more about style, is forgetting to use contractions in speech.
280
Like, in real conversation, nobody says, I have just eaten, in a natural, casual way.
281
They say, I've just eaten.
282
So when you're speaking, try to use the contracted form.
283
It makes you sound so much more natural and fluent, and honestly, it's just easier to say, too.
284
Yes, contractions are your friend in speaking, and in informal writing, too.
285
Texting, social media, emails to friends.
286
In formal writing, you might write the full form, but in real conversation, short form all the way.
287
I've, she's, they've, he's.
288
These are the building blocks of natural English speech.
289
Okay, I can't believe we're already at the end of the episode.
290
That always happens.
291
We start talking and suddenly 40 minutes have gone by.
292
But I feel like we covered so much today.
293
Present perfect, structure, uses, examples, role play, mistakes.
294
I feel like you guys are ready to go out there and use it.
295
I really think so too.
296
And listen, if there's one thing I want you to take away from today, it's this.
297
The present perfect is your bridge.
298
It connects the past to the present.
299
When you want to say that something from before still matters right now, that's your tense.
300
Use it.
301
Practice it.
302
Don't be afraid of it.
303
You've got this.
304
Literally, you've got this.
305
That's present perfect right there.
306
You've got this.
307
Perfect ending line, Jame.
308
And now your challenge for this week.
309
We always give a little homework challenge, and I love this one because it's so easy to do anywhere.
310
Your challenge is write three sentences about yourself using the present perfect, one about an experience you've had in your life,
311
one about something that just happened or already happened, and one about something that you've been doing for a while using for or since.
312
Just three sentences.
313
You can write them in your notebook, type them in your phone notes, or even post them in our comment section.
314
We read every single one.
315
We really do.
316
And if you're feeling brave, try to say them out loud.
317
Actually speak them.
318
Say, I've lived in my city for five years.
319
Say, I've never tried skydiving.
320
Say, I've just finished listening to this podcast.
321
It sounds silly to talk to yourself, but your speaking skills will thank you later.
322
I promise you that.
323
I talk to myself in English all the time.
324
And honestly, it's one of the best ways to practice.
325
Nobody's watching.
326
Nobody's judging.
327
Just you and the present perfect building a beautiful relationship.
328
Okay, Jame, any final words for our lovely listeners, Tay?
329
Just thank you, thank you, thank you for spending your time with us at the Learning Lab.
330
You have chosen to spend your free time learning something new, and that's genuinely something to be proud of.
331
Language learning is hard.
332
It takes time, and some days feel better than others.
333
But you've made it this far, and that really matters.
334
Keep going.
335
We're rooting for you every step of the way.
336
Beautifully said, Jayme.
337
Okay, everyone, that's a wrap on today's episode of The Learning Lab.
338
If you've enjoyed this episode, please share it with a friend who's learning English.
339
Leave us a review if you can.
340
It helps us so much more than you might think.
341
And we'll see you in the next one.
342
Take care of yourselves, practice your present perfect, and remember, you've got this.
343
Bye.
344
See you next week.
345
Bye, everyone.
346
Take care.
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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس
هذا الدرس في المحادثة مبني على الفيديو “Stop Saying "I Have Went" — Learn Present Perfect the Right Way”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: present, perfect, eaten, happened. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 346 جملة و3326 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 18:42. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة طبيعية، نحو 178 كلمة في الدقيقة، قريبة من المحادثة اليومية. 88% من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، فالمفردات سهلة المتابعة.
أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو
15 كلمة من الفيديو تستحق التعلّم، مع النطق والمعنى:
| الكلمة | النطق | المعنى |
|---|---|---|
| verb اسم | /vɝb/ | فِعْل |
| tense اسم | /tɛns/ | صِيغَة, صِيغَةُ الْفِعْل |
| grammar اسم | /ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/ | عِلْم قَوَاعِد |
| podcast اسم | /ˈpɑdˌkæst/ | بُودْكَاسْت m پُودْكَاسْت, بَثّ صَوْتِيّ |
| formula اسم | /ˈfɔː.mjʊ.lə/ | صِيغَة |
| connect فعل | /kəˈnɛkt/ | رَبَطَ |
| sushi اسم | /ˈsuːʃi/ | سُوشِي |
| practical صفة | /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.kəl/ | تَطْبِيقِيّ |
| hungry صفة | /ˈhʌŋ.ɡɹi/ | جَائِع, جَوْعَان |
| scary صفة | /ˈskɛə.ɹi/ | مُجَفِّل |
| homework اسم | /ˈhoʊmˌwɝk/ | وَاجِب, وَاجِب مَنْزِلِيّ |
| disappear فعل | /dɪsəˈpɪɹ/ | اِخْتَفَى |
| garlic اسم | /ˈɡɑɹlɪk/ | ثُوم, ثُومَة |
| notebook اسم | /ˈnoʊtˌbʊk/ | دَفْتَر, مُذَكِّرَة |
| confused صفة | /kənˈfjuːzd/ | اِحْتَارَ |
الأفعال المركبة التي ستسمعها
| الكلمة | المعنى |
|---|---|
| come back فعل | عَادَ, رَجَعَ |
| come up فعل | طَلَعَ |
| go out فعل | خَرَجَ |
جمل تستحق التكرار
جمل قصيرة وكاملة من الفيديو يمكنك استخدامها في الحديث اليومي:
- I kept thinking, wait, is this past?
- When do we use which one?
- Have you ever eaten durian?
- Jenny, do you want to take the next one?
- What have you been up to?
القواعد في هذا الفيديو
أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:
| التركيب | في الفيديو |
|---|---|
| المضارع التام المستمر have/has been + -ing — حدث بدأ سابقًا وما زال مستمرًا | we've been talking · you've been doing |
| “used to” used to + فعل — عادة أو حالة في الماضي لم تعد قائمة | used to just avoid · used to just randomly |
| المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآن | i've already eaten · has eaten · have eaten |
| المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعله | is made · is eaten · wasn't forced |
نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه
يستخدم المتحدث 86 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل I've, I'm, don't. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.
- أصوات “sh” و“zh”: sushi /ˈsuːʃi/, gosh /ɡɑːʃ/, casual /ˈkæʒ(u)əl/, confusion /kənˈfjuːʒən/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/
- الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: irregular /ɪˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/, genuinely /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ju.ɪn.li/, emotionally /ɪˈməʊʃənəli/, intermediate /ɪn.tə(ɹ)ˈmi.di.ət/, beautifully /ˈbju.tɪ.fə.li/
أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:
- /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: podcast /ˈpɑdˌkæst/, practical /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.kəl/, disappear /dɪsəˈpɪɹ/, trap /tɹæp/, panic /ˈpænɪk/
- /v/ — ليس /f/: مع اهتزاز الأوتار الصوتية: verb /vɝb/, everyday /ˈɛvɹiˌdeɪ/, brave /bɹeɪv/, versus /ˈvɝsəs/, recover /ɹɪˈkʌvɚ/
- تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: tense /tɛns/, grammar /ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/, podcast /ˈpɑdˌkæst/, connect /kəˈnɛkt/, practical /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.kəl/
كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو
- استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
- ابدأ بسرعة 0.75×، وردّد جملة جملة، ثم عُد إلى السرعة العادية عندما يصبح الأمر سهلًا.
- سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل verb, tense, grammar.
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.