تدريب Shadowing: Surgical Anatomy 2 (Spleen) - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو

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In part 1 of this video, we talk about the spleen, its size and size, the spleenule,

the spleenic vessels, the vascular distribution of these vessels to segments, and so on.

Now we are talking about the spleenic ligaments, which is a really important topic when talking about surgical anatomy,

because these ligaments are all excised or divided in order to perform spleenectomy.

Anatomy box speaks about eight ligaments, the gastrosplenic, the splenophenic, splenorenal,

or the lineorenal, the ancient or the older name, pancreatic splenic, pancreatic colic, splenocolic,

perisplenic fold, and the phrenicocolic ligament.

But here we will just talk about five of these ligaments, which are the cardinal ligaments.

First, the gastrosplenic, the splenophrenic, the splenorenal, also the splenocolic,

and lastly the phrenicocolic ligament.

We will talk first about the gastrosplenic ligament.

Gastrosplenic ligament is a ligament between the spleen and the stomach, from its name.

there's some information about this ligament first of all it's a

triangular ligament you can see in this diagram this is the gastro splenic ligament

and it's apex near the upper pool of the spleen

and space is as a wider base

and near the lower pool this tell us

that says the upper pool of the spleen is really close to the stomach

so when performing the section in this area you may injure either the stomach or the spleen.

So be careful in the section in this area.

Also the section actually is easier in the wider base of the ligament.

This ligament also have two important structures passing in it which is, you can see here,

the short gastric vessels this is the excised

or divided gastrosplenic ligament the short gastric vessels and near the upper pool

and the gastroepiploic the left gastroepiploic vessels near the lower pool

so this is a vascular structure actually it should be excised between clamps

or using a harmonic

or whatever appropriate to ensure hemostasis in this ligament the second

ligament is the splenophenic ligament number two this one this is a splenophenic ligament between the spleen

and the diaphragm it's important to know

that this some authors thought this is not a true ligament

it's just a part we can condense about from the gastrosplenic ligament also it may be containing a fleshy part

or sling of fiber of muscular fibers from the diaphragm

so the section here also must be meticulous

because it may be may need a lot of hemostasis traction

of the spleen downwards may cause a valgian of this area

so take care

when you are tracked performing traction of the spleen not to cause a valgian of the splenic capsule

and this area and cause marked pleading the third ligament

and third important ligament is a splenorenal

or the lino -renal as we said it's between the spleen

and the kidney actually this this diagram can show it more

comprehensively this is the spleen this is the kidney it is a cross -section of course stomach

and this is the gastrosplenic ligament containing the short gastric vessels and this is This brittoneal flexion is the splenorenal ligament.

As we can see here, it's connected to the kidney,

and it contains the splenic artery and vein and the tail of pancreas.

So this is a very vascular port, and actually it covers all the hilum of the spleen, so this section here is important.

You can encounter during splenectomy this ligament from two approaches.

Either if you are dissecting in this direction,

dissecting the gastrosplenic ligament, you will approach the hilum of the spleen from the front side

and you will start your dissection like this.

Or you can approach it from other side

if you are retracting the spleen to the right to deliver

spleen outside the incision you are you are inserting your hand in this space and grabbing the spleen we're moving it

to the right in this direction so you can imagine

if this structures are reflected to the side

so you will encounter this ligament from the posterior side

and you will also encounter the tail of the pancreas

and both the splenic vessels take care this is a vascular ligament you can perform finger dissection

or plant dissection but it contains very important vessels

which is the splenic artery and vein and also the tail of the pancreas

so take care

while performing the section in this area the pancreatic splenic ligament actually is not a true ligament it means

if the tail the pancreas doesn't reach the hilum it will be connected with a small part

which is the pancreatic splenic ligament it may be not found if the pancreas is long enough to reach the hilum

pancreatic colic ligament actually number five this one is a part of the transverse mesocolon

here's a splenocolic ligament which another important ligament we will talk about So,

it may be containing polar vessels, it's number 6, right here,

it's between the spleen and the, I'll remove the picture, yes,

to be more comprehensive, this is the splenocolic ligament,

it connects the lower pole of the spleen to the splenic flexure.

actually it may contain, as we said, a polar vessel so take care while dissecting here and also

when you are performing a left hemicolectomy you are also incising this ligament to mobilize the colon

actually also traction in this direction may cause avulsion of the capsule of the spleen

and may cause a marked bleeding so take care while performing traction in this area Perisplenic ligament,

actually it's not obvious in this diagram It's here, behind the gastrosplenic ligament

Number 1 is gastrosplenic and number 7 is perisplenic fold

And at last the phrenicocolic ligament Actually the phrenicocolic ligament is

not attached to the spleen at all It's between the splenic flexure and the diaphragm

It's the junction between the mid gut

and the hind gut here in this part it's keeping the splenic flexure hanging in this side

but it's important because importance because it our relation to the spleen

because it directs the spleen in this direction when it's

when it is enlarging actually it can be called the splenic floor the spleen is resting on this ligament and

when the spleen is enlarged it will be enlarged this way

not downward the downward enlargement is blocked by the phrenicocolic ligament

so the enlarged spleen can reach up to the amperlichus

and the mid abdomen not to the left paracolic gutter another

importance of this ligament it prevents blood from ruptured spleen

or any cause of bleeding in this area from entering the left paracolic gutter

so a traumatic event in this area and the splenic rupture, the blood will be confined to this space,

the left hypochondrium space and not propagating to the left paracolic gutter.

So this is the most important ligament of the spleen,

we will just remember them,

here the gastrosplenic ligament from here it's like triangular oh

i missed okay it's like this a triangular ligament here it contains a short gastric

and the gastric left gastro pleuric here's the line renal ligament

or the spleen renal ligament containing the hilum or the hyalur vessels

and tail of the pancreas here's a splenocolic ligament in the lower pool

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and there is a splenophenic in the upper pool

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and there is a floor of the spleen

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which is formed by the colophenic or phrenocolic sorry phrenocolic ligament

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which directs the spleen in this direction this is the most important ligament regarding the spleen.

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One last information you should remember.

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that the tail of pancreas lying in this area,

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so careless division in this part may result in pancreatic fistula and it's really a nasty complication to happen,

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may take a few weeks to month to close down,

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so really take care when you are incising or dissecting in this area to make sure that the pancreas is safe.

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Thank you for listening and see you in another video.

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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس

هذا الدرس في المحادثة مبني على الفيديو “Surgical Anatomy 2”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: ligament, spleen, splenic, gastrosplenic, vessel. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 109 جملة و1327 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 10:41. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة ثابتة، نحو 124 كلمة في الدقيقة، وهي سرعة مريحة للترديد. 72% فقط من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، فالمفردات صعبة نسبيًا.

أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو

15 كلمة من الفيديو تستحق التعلّم، مع النطق والمعنى:

الكلمة	النطق	المعنى
vessel اسم	/ˈvɛsəl/	فُلْك
tail اسم	/ˈteɪ̯l/	ذَنَب, ذَيْل
stomach اسم	/ˈstʌmək/	مَعِدَة, مِعْدَة
connect فعل	/kəˈnɛkt/	رَبَطَ
encounter فعل	/ɪnˈkaʊntɚ/	صَادَفَ, لَاقَى
kidney اسم	/ˈkɪdni/	كُلْيَة
diagram اسم	/ˈdaɪ.ə.ɡɹæm/	مُخَطَط, رَسْم إِيضَاحِيّ
divide فعل	/dɪˈvaɪd/	قَسَّمَ
fold فعل	/ˈfəʊld/	طَوَى
polar صفة	/ˈpoʊlɚ/	قُطْبِيّ
anatomy اسم	/əˈnætəmi/	تَشْرِيح
vein اسم	/veɪn/	وَرِيد, عِرْق
bleed فعل	/ˈbliːd/	نَزَفَ
artery اسم	/ˈɑɹ.təɹ.i/	شِرْيَان
topic اسم	/ˈtɑpɪk/	مَوْضُوع, مَوَاضِيع

القواعد في هذا الفيديو

أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:

التركيب	في الفيديو
المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعله	should be excised · are tracked · are reflected
جمل الوصل who / which + جملة — معلومة إضافية عن شخص أو شيء	ligaments, which is · ligaments, which are

نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه

يستخدم المتحدث 3 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل doesn't, I'll, we're. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.

أصوات “sh” و“zh”: traction /ˈtɹæk.ʃən/, relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, junction /ˈd͡ʒʌŋkʃən/, dissection /dɪˈsɛkʃən/, flexure /ˈflɛkʃə(ɹ)/
الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: anatomy /əˈnætəmi/, comprehensive /ˌkɑm.pɹəˈhɛn.sɪv/, pancreatic /ˌpæŋ.kɹɪˈæ.tɪk/, triangular /tɹaɪˈæŋ.ɡjə.lɚ/, gastroenteritis /ˌɡæstɹəʊˌɛntəˈɹaɪtəs/

أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:

/p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: polar /ˈpoʊlɚ/, capsule /ˈkæps(ə)l/, topic /ˈtɑpɪk/, comprehensive /ˌkɑm.pɹəˈhɛn.sɪv/, pole /pəʊl/
/v/ — ليس /f/: مع اهتزاز الأوتار الصوتية: vessel /ˈvɛsəl/, vascular /ˈvæskjələ/, divide /dɪˈvaɪd/, vein /veɪn/, comprehensive /ˌkɑm.pɹəˈhɛn.sɪv/
تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: stomach /ˈstʌmək/, traction /ˈtɹæk.ʃən/, vascular /ˈvæskjələ/, connect /kəˈnɛkt/, fold /ˈfəʊld/

كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو

استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
ردّد جملة جملة بالسرعة العادية، وكرّر كل جملة حتى يتطابق إيقاعك مع المتحدث.
سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل vessel, tail, stomach.

ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟

التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.

تقنية الشادوينغ: اقرأ الدليل الكامل خطوة بخطوة →

تدريب Shadowing: Surgical Anatomy 2 (Spleen) - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو

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