تدريب Shadowing: The Shoe That Broke Running - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
جارٍ إنشاء الدرس...
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I'm wearing the real Team USA Olympic uniforms with one of the world's fastest super shoes.
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And we're gonna cut it in half.
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Because what's inside this shoe is part of a huge debate happening in sports right now.
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The question is, when does sports gear get so good that it's actually cheating?
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There's a ton of cool gear that's banned from sports for making athletes too good.
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Like swimsuits that make a swimmer's body too streamlined.
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Or gloves that make a receiver's hands too grippy or bats that let a player hit the ball too hard, or shoes that make a runner too freaking fast.
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They call it tech doping, using physical gear to gain an unfair advantage.
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In this video, I'm going to show you the banned technology that you won't see in the Olympics.
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Oh, whoa, that's grippy.
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And the cutting-edge tech that you will see that's on the very edge of what's allowed.
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You might be thinking, hold on, no gear should give athletes an advantage.
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But we don't run barefoot anymore.
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We don't swim naked.
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We use tech to play sports, and that tech keeps getting better, pushing forward what humans can do.
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So where's the line?
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That's what I really want to figure out.
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This debate is about way more than sports.
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In every part of our lives, technology pushes humans forward, and it's up to us to decide what do we want from it.
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This video is about that question.
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Let me show you the cutting edge of sports technology.
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I am wearing the fastest suit in the world, and that's a fact.
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The fastest suits in the world.
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Technological doping.
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It is cheating.
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A weekend that changed distance running forever.
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Nike's controversial Vaporfly shoe.
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Fueling new controversy over the suits the swimmers are wearing.
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Surpassing human capabilities.
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Today I'm at Nike's test lab in Oregon to show you some of the world's best and most controversial sports equipment.
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But first, if you were trying to decide whether to ban something from sports, How would you do it?
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Here's where to start.
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First, most regulators ask, is it dangerous?
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To athletes or fans or both?
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This is the big reason they give for banning steroids, but it applies to hardware too.
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For example, in Major League Baseball, they're not allowed to use aluminum bats.
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They have to use wooden ones.
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Because aluminum would allow them to hit the ball so fast, they might kill people on the field or hurt people in the stands.
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So if gear greatly increases the risk of injury, it might not be allowed.
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But most of the cool tech that we're talking about doesn't increase danger.
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It just makes athletes better.
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So the next question they ask is, is it against the spirit of the sport?
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But how do you define that exactly?
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Spirit of the sport, it's intentionally vague.
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So it gets broken up into smaller questions, like, can everyone use this tech?
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Is it fair to record holders?
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Does it artificially enhance a player's performance?
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Let me give you some examples.
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Try to decide what you think is right before I tell you what the rule makers chose.
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This is the Olympics in 1972.
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Do you notice anything missing?
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Nobody's wearing goggles.
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Four years later, the Olympics allowed them.
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You see early adopters start to use them, and those athletes start winning.
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Here's a chart showing swimming records by year.
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That's when goggles were allowed.
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Most people today would say allowing goggles was a good idea.
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But then, something new caused another big spike.
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In 2008, Speedo collaborated with NASA to make this, the Laser Racer.
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This suit was so cool.
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The fabric mimicked shark skin with these little channels that let water flow more easily.
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It had these panels that sucked swimmers' bodies into a more streamlined position.
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And people speculated that the way it trapped air made swimmers float more easily, which Speedo denied.
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But it was clear this new tech was helping swimmers crush world records.
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Athletes were doing things nobody thought was possible.
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It was awesome.
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You remember that Olympics when Michael Phelps won more gold medals than any human had ever won in a single Olympics ever?
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he was wearing a laser racer.
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Is that fair?
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This new suit made the swimming world lose their minds.
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The general manager of the US team said the records shouldn't count.
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So, should this fancy super swimsuit be allowed?
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Within a year, the swimming governing body voted to ban them.
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The swimmers you see at the Olympics now are wearing suits made with only textile fabrics
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that can only cover this much of their body.
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I feel mixed about that.
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We can't see well underwater, and our skin isn't textured like sharks, but goggles are allowed and these swimsuits aren't.
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But on the other hand, we don't allow flippers.
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There's a line somewhere.
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It's just not always obvious.
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Like prescription lenses in Olympic shooting.
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Okay or not okay?
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If you said okay, the regulators agree with you.
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Olympic shooters are allowed to wear prescription lenses.
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They can correct their vision.
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They just can't enhance it.
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Or how about this, sticky glue that makes it easier to catch a football.
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Okay or not okay?
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The NFL said not okay, but grippy gloves are fine.
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Oh my goodness!
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I love these questions because they get at what we think the whole point is of both sports and technology.
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And of course, it's so messy.
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But the messiest of all is the debate about running shoes and a record that was supposed to be impossible to beat.
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He has done it!
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Welcome to Nike's test lab.
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I'm at Nike to answer a question I've been wondering for years.
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Let me explain.
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In 2019, I watched Eliud Kipchoge become the first person ever to run a marathon in under two hours.
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That is 4 minutes and 35 seconds per mile for 26.2 miles.
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Here's what that speed looks like for most people.
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This was supposed to be impossible.
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But he did it.
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And while the world celebrated Kipchoge's record, in professional running, all eyes turned to these.
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He was wearing special prototype shoes, built to make him run faster.
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In fact, studies showed that this design helped runners at the time go 2-3% faster than the next fastest shoe.
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And regulators started saying that this shoe threatened the integrity of the sport.
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But why this shoe?
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If you look back at the history of running shoes, you'll see that over the last hundred years, they've gotten a lot better than 2-3%.
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Early running shoes looked like this.
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They're basically loafers with spikes.
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People can run a lot faster in basically any running shoe today.
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So why was this shoe all of a sudden so controversial?
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Let me show you the answer.
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This is the newest version of that same shoe design, and I'm about to cut it open.
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So this is the successor of what Eliyuk Hachoggi beat the two-hour marathon in.
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Yeah.
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Awesome.
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all kinds of technological development.
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It's a thing of beauty and we're going to destroy it.
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There's no chance I can put it through, is there?
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You could guide me.
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If I lose a finger, it's my fault.
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Uh, Lindsey, what do you think?
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Well, we do have her on camera saying it will be her fault.
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If I cut my finger off, I'm saying it to camera, it's not Nike's fault.
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Sweet Jesus.
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No, this is fine.
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Come on, it's fine.
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It'll be fine.
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It'll be fine.
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It's gonna be great.
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You got it?
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Woo!
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Look at this!
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Lots of companies now make their own version of a super shoe.
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And people say they've changed running sports forever.
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But how, exactly?
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At a high level, every super shoe today has three key sections.
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The upper, which holds your foot the outsole, which hits the ground, and the midsole, which mostly determines how much of the energy
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that a runner exerts down into the ground is returned to boost them into their next stride.
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This is called energy return, and it's a huge deal in running.
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Nike's new super shoe specifically maximized energy return by building in a way taller stack of new, cushy foam and a carbon fiber plate that acts like a lever,
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springing the runner forward, which outside the shoe looks like this right here.
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They even included special air pockets for extra bounce.
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Before super shoes, a good energy return rate was about 60 to 65 percent.
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Now, it's more like 80 percent way more of the runner's energy that they get to reuse.
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I wanted to show you what that energy return feels like.
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But to do it, Nike didn't just give me their shoes.
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They let me try the real Team USA Olympic uniforms.
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So I'm wearing this, and this, and this, and most importantly, these.
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Okay, now go away.
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I feel awesome.
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Let's do this.
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They didn't just test the shoe, they tested me.
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They analyzed my running style.
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They showed me how these uniforms deal with sweat.
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And hardest of all, they made me run in 95 degree heat at 70% humidity.
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Some of your cameras might not work super well in here because they might fog up.
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What speed would you like to run at today?
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I'd like to go fast enough to give you some real information.
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I'll just be right outside the window.
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So I'll look at you.
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Thumbs up means I can go a little bit faster.
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Thumbs down means a little bit slower.
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Okay, put me in, coach.
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Yeah, I did not fully understand what I was in for.
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I don't know how to do that.
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So I have to go as fast as you'll ever go.
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I could feel the energy return.
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It feels like a trampoline on my feet.
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When super shoes were introduced, just like the swimmers with the laser racer, runners began to crush world records.
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Marathon times saw the biggest increase in 50 years.
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People started complaining that the shoes were giving runners energy, but that's not how energy return works.
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All the energy has to come from the runner, and anyone who runs knows it's not easy.
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I'm reaching a point where I can't talk casually anymore.
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She's getting hot.
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She's been running for two and a half minutes.
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World's best marathoners can run in this temperature at faster speeds than this for two plus hours.
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If you're up for it, we'll have you go for about six more minutes.
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Okay!
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How you feeling?
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So fun, right?
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That's great.
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You got good sweat going all over the place.
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Beating up over here.
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Drifting.
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Look at this.
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So, running shoes that make you faster.
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Okay or not okay?
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Regulators decided something in the middle.
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They tried to restrict how much energy return super shoes could give.
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by implementing a 40-millimeter foam height limit and saying shoes can't have more than one carbon fiber plate.
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Kipchoge's shoes barely fit these requirements, but they were prototypes, which felt unfair.
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So regulators added a rule saying
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that all shoes had to be available for anyone to buy at least four months before they were used in competition.
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These rules were pretty much aimed at Nike.
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And back then, Nike wasn't happy about it.
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They issued a statement saying the rules would stifle innovation.
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So I asked the head of Nike's sport research lab about it now.
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Why did Nike feel that way at the time and do you still feel that way now?
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There was a number of reasons we were pushing back and worrying about stifling innovation.
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I think it's like just a moral obligation to keep pushing forward.
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Our goal is not to make the world's fastest athletes faster by putting fans behind them and pushing them down the field.
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It's not interesting to us.
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That's really the key.
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It's all about pushing the human body forward.
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But that brings us to the last big debate about technology in sports.
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What if the tech that you're debating is part of someone's body?
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You might remember this guy, Oscar Pistorius.
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He was the first person to qualify and compete in the Olympics with these, running blades.
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This was a moment that got a lot of people talking about what's fair and what's not in sports.
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You might not know him yet, but that's Blake Lieber.
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He qualified for the Olympics eight years after Pistorius, but he wasn't allowed to compete.
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I had, what, the fifth fastest time in the world against able-bodied athletes, which qualified me for the Olympic Games.
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I was abruptly stopped.
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I had to take my case to the Court of Arbitration of Sport.
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The Olympics had allowed Pistorius, but they now wanted to revisit the rules.
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Should running blades be allowed?
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If you let people wear glasses for shooting, meaning they can correct a disability that they have, aren't prosthetics the same?
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And how do you decide what's a correction and what's an enhancement?
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Turns out, tests.
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A lot of tests.
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But dots on my blades to see the spring compression, to see what type of energy return are we getting out of the prosthetic legs
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and how does that compare to somebody who have their legs?" Researchers found
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that Blake's prosthetic legs made him no faster at sprinting or gave him better endurance, but they did make him worse at accelerating and rounding curves.
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Then the opponent's side argued that prosthetics are lighter and they don't require any of the body's oxygen.
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It was seeming like a toss-up.
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But then… But the one thing that they got me on specifically was called the MASH rule, max allowable standing height.
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use this rule for Pistorius.
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But now, they decided Blake couldn't compete because his blades made him taller than he would be naturally.
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But Blake was born without the bottom part of his legs.
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He has never had a full height naturally with his legs.
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They calculated it using measurements from other parts of his body to tell him what his height would theoretically have been.
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And to make matters worse, those calculations were based on only small studies of white and Asian men.
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But the whole idea of using averages for athletes is tricky.
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Most people's wingspan is roughly their height, but Michael Phelps' wingspan is three whole inches taller than he is.
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That's part of what makes him so great.
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But in the end...
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This is the rules that said, we're sorry Blake, but you have to drop your legs by six inches.
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And changing your height is not the same as changing your swimsuit.
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I trained at 6'2 my whole life.
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Now I'm 5'9", so I'll go reach or I'll go run or my back went out.
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And the question, the million dollar question is what's fair and what's not fair?
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If somebody was born with bad vision and they wear glasses, you wouldn't regulate that.
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I could try to wear glasses, but I don't need glasses.
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Really the conversation that we're talking about is a fear or a concern that technology will get so good,
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people on blades will actually outperform everybody.
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Is that what people are really talking about?
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I think, yeah, I mean, I think that's the conversation that is really at hand.
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It wasn't me trying to compete, it was the idea of the Pandora's box that it could potentially open up.
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I don't agree with it, but I understand.
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We have come so far in improving what humans can do.
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Today we have better nutrition and training and strategy and recovery and, of course, technology.
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The whole point of technology is to make people better.
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To make our lives easier, to make us more capable, to make things that we never thought were possible come true.
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But how far and how fast
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and exactly in what direction technology pushes us is the big debate that we're going to keep on having.
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Far beyond sports.
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Should we regulate it?
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Should we tame it down?
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Should we allow it?
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Should we integrate it?
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I think it's wrong to stop.
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I think it's, you can say it's unethical to introduce these things to sport.
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It's unethical to stop inventing and to stop pushing human potential forward.
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And personally, I can't wait to see what humans are capable of.
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Welcome to Nike's test lab.
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That's going to be the ending.
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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس
هذا الدرس في المحادثة بمستوى B2 مبني على الفيديو “The Shoe That Broke Running”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: shoe, sport, Olympic, running, energy. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 268 جملة و2738 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 15:43. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة طبيعية، نحو 174 كلمة في الدقيقة، قريبة من المحادثة اليومية. 83% من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، ويُستحسن مراجعة الباقي قبل البدء.
أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو
أصعب 15 كلمة في الفيديو، مع النطق والمعنى:
| الكلمة | النطق | المعنى |
|---|---|---|
| athlete اسم | /ˈæθ.liːt/ | رِيَاضِيّ, رِيَاضِيَّة |
| runner اسم | /ˈɹʌnɚ/ | عَدَّاء, عَدَّاءَة |
| regulator اسم | /ˈɹɛɡ.ju.leɪ.tɚ/ | منظِّم |
| blade اسم | /bleɪd/ | شَفْرَة, نَصْل |
| swimsuit اسم | /ˈswɪm.s(j)ut/ | بَدْلَةُ الْحَمَّامِ, لِبَاسُ السِّبَاحَةِ |
| marathon اسم | /ˈmæɹəθən/ | مَارَاثُون |
| laser اسم | /ˈleɪzɚ/ | لَيْزِر |
| glove اسم | /ɡlʌv/ | قُفَّاز, كَفّ |
| foam اسم | /ˈfɔʊ̯m/ | رَغْوَة, زَبَد |
| prototype اسم | /ˈpɹəʊtətaɪp/ | نموذج |
| regulate فعل | /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.leɪt/ | ضَبَطَ |
| prescription اسم | /pɹəˈskɹɪp.ʃən/ | وَصْفَة طِبِّيَّة, وَصْفَة |
| thumb اسم | /ˈθʌm/ | إِبْهَام |
| cheat فعل | /ˈt͡ʃiːt/ | غَشَّ |
| sweat فعل | /swɛt/ | عَرِقَ, عِرِق |
الأفعال المركبة التي ستسمعها
| الكلمة | المعنى |
|---|---|
| go away فعل | اِبْتَعَدَ |
| go out فعل | خَرَجَ |
جمل تستحق التكرار
جمل قصيرة وكاملة من الفيديو يمكنك استخدامها في الحديث اليومي:
- Do you notice anything missing?
- There's no chance I can put it through, is there?
- What speed would you like to run at today?
- What if the tech that you're debating is part of someone's body?
- Should we tame it down?
القواعد في هذا الفيديو
أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:
| التركيب | في الفيديو |
|---|---|
| المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعله | might not be allowed · were allowed · be allowed |
| المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآن | has done · they've gotten · they've changed |
| جمل الوصل who / which + جملة — معلومة إضافية عن شخص أو شيء | anyone who runs · somebody who have |
نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه
يستخدم المتحدث 59 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل I'm, don't, we're. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.
- أصوات “th”: athlete /ˈæθ.liːt/, prosthetic /ˌpɹɑsˈθɛtɪk/, marathon /ˈmæɹəθən/, unethical /ʌnˈɛθɪkəl/, thumb /ˈθʌm/
- أصوات “sh” و“zh”: prescription /pɹəˈskɹɪp.ʃən/, crush /kɹʌʃ/, casually /ˈkæʒuəli/, calculation /ˌkælkjuˈleɪʃn̩/, intentionally /ɪnˈtɛn(t)ʃənəli/
- الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: regulator /ˈɹɛɡ.ju.leɪ.tɚ/, unethical /ʌnˈɛθɪkəl/, aluminum /əˈlu.mɪ.nəm/, technological /ˌtɛk.nəˈlɑ.dʒɪ.kəl/, allowable /əˈlaʊ.əbəl/
أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:
- /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: prosthetic /ˌpɹɑsˈθɛtɪk/, wingspan /ˈwɪŋ.spæn/, prototype /ˈpɹəʊtətaɪp/, dope [doʊp], spike /spaɪk/
- /v/ — ليس /f/: مع اهتزاز الأوتار الصوتية: glove /ɡlʌv/, revisit /ɹiːˈvɪzɪt/, invent /ɪnˈvɛnt/, lever /ˈliː.və/, govern /ˈɡʌv.ən/
- تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: blade /bleɪd/, goggles /ˈɡɑ.ɡəlz/, prosthetic /ˌpɹɑsˈθɛtɪk/, swimsuit /ˈswɪm.s(j)ut/, qualify /ˈkwɑ.lɪ.faɪ/
كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو
- استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
- ابدأ بسرعة 0.75×، وردّد جملة جملة، ثم عُد إلى السرعة العادية عندما يصبح الأمر سهلًا.
- سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل athlete, runner, regulator.
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.