تدريب Shadowing: The unpopular idea that would save San Francisco - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
اختر وضع التدريب
كل وضع يفتح غرفة تدريب بملء الشاشة.
112 جمل
إذا كانت الجمل قصيرة أو طويلة جدًا، انقر على Edit لتعديلها.
1
If you told San Francisco politicians that they should take lessons from Rudy Giuliani, they'd think you're nuts.
إذا قلت لسياسيي سان فرانسيسكو إنهم يجب أن يتعلموا دروسًا من رودي جولياني، فسيظنون أنك مجنون.
2
Maybe even evil.
ربما حتى شرير.
3
They see him as quite likely the second most destructive politician in America, who peddled conspiracy theories, tried to stage a coup, and is finally getting his due comeuppance.
يرونه على الأرجح ثاني أكثر السياسيين تدميراً في أمريكا، حيث كان يروج لنظريات المؤامرة، وحاول تنفيذ انقلاب، وهو الآن أخيراً يتلقى العقاب الذي يستحقه.
4
But when Rudy Giuliani took over New York in 1994, it looked a lot like today's San Francisco.
5
Or for that matter, Chicago, Baltimore, Portland, or a number of other cities as well.
6
The fixes to these cities aren't state secrets.
7
Giuliani took care of New York with some straightforward solutions that can be used today.
8
First, let's take a quick look at San Francisco.
9
Now, I live in the Bay Area, and when I mention that to some people, they're stunned, thinking that I live in some sort of third-world smoldering city.
10
So let me be clear.
11
If you've only seen San Francisco through news reports and crazy clips online, it's not as bad as you think.
12
There are a whole lot of amazingly beautiful parts of town, and you'll find neighborhoods that are safe and clean.
13
But big parts of it are actually hell holes, and everybody who lives here knows it.
14
It's a mess.
15
Mentally ill and drug addicted people have literally taken over chunks of the city.
16
We have increasing violence, car break-ins, open-air drug dealing and shoplifting that's driving businesses right out of the city.
17
It's left some areas as wastelands.
18
And it's not just an eyesore, it's a human tragedy unfolding right before our eyes.
19
Drug deaths have exploded and people with horrific problems are living like zombies on the streets.
20
And the elephant in the room is that the government has no solution on the horizon.
21
Its policies aren't simply failing, they're making things worse.
22
Now I also lived in New York when it was in a doom loop of its own.
23
The city was dystopian.
24
Murder rates were astronomical.
25
Times Square was more about prostitution and drugs than tourism.
26
And no sane person would walk through Central Park after dark.
27
Schools were dysfunctional and the government was broke.
28
Mafia corruption was a real factor, and people cheered when vigilantes like Bernie Goetz shot muggers on a train, or the guardian angels patrolled streets.
29
Like troubled cities today, it wasn't one problem, but a whole litany of problems.
30
And in eight years as mayor, Rudy Giuliani turned all of that around.
31
Violent crime dropped by over half.
32
Robberies fell 67 percent.
33
The number of yearly murders dropped from 2,000 in his first year to 649 in his last, literally saving thousands of lives over his tenure.
34
Unemployment dropped from over 10% in 1993 to 5.6% in 2001.
35
Welfare rolls dropped by half.
36
School test scores went up.
37
He inherited a city with a 2.3 billion dollar budget gap and left with a surplus.
38
The city turned from an urban nightmare to a livable city and a tourist mecca.
39
It was the absolute reverse of a doom loop.
40
I saw it happen and I know it's possible.
41
But the first step doesn't start at City Hall.
42
It actually starts with voters.
43
They need to get fed up and they need to vote that way.
44
Politicians rarely push change on their own.
45
It's hard work.
46
So they're generally barometers of public sentiment.
47
They don't lead the marching band, they see where it's going and they jump out in front of it.
48
Now, people of San Francisco are generally very nice people, maybe too much so.
49
That comes through in city politics, with their real concerns about things like poverty, minority rights, the rights of accused criminals and police brutality.
50
Voters here don't want to criminalize poverty
51
and they We support harm reduction strategies like cash and needle giveaways that other communities might call enabling.
52
But values like safety and public order are increasing.
53
Voters recalled Chaso Bodine, who was essentially a pro-criminal district attorney, but the vote was fairly close.
54
He ended up with 45% of the vote.
55
But as the situation continues to deteriorate here, and it will, voters will eventually be ready for radical change.
56
In New York, that radical change was electing a Republican prosecutor who'd broken the mob
57
and sent more than his fair share of Wall Street criminals to jail.
58
His strategy to fix New York traces its roots to an Atlantic Magazine article in 1982.
59
It was called Broken Windows by George Kelling and James Q.
60
Wilson.
61
Imagine a building where vandals have broken a window or two.
62
If those windows go unrepaired, it won't be long before they're all broken.
63
Then graffiti appears and soon the whole place turns into a mess.
64
The theory argues that small signs of disorder send a message that neglect is acceptable.
65
And that attracts more serious crime and bad behavior.
66
By cracking down on these small offenses, a sense of order is set, creating an environment where lawlessness is the norm, not the exception.
67
This idea fundamentally changes the approach to law enforcement, shifting focus from just reacting to major crimes to actively maintaining community standards.
68
Before Giuliani was even elected, Bill Bratton had come in to lead the New York Transit Police and he used the broken windows approach.
69
Small fixes like cleaning up graffiti and going after fair jumpers and vandals signaled that even minor offenses had consequences.
70
The result was a drastic drop in serious subway crime as well.
71
Soon after the election, Giuliani named Bratton as the police commissioner for the entire city.
72
Their first target, the squeegee men.
73
These were guys who'd come up to cars stopped at red lights and start cleaning the window, whether you wanted it or not.
74
Then they demanded money, which was really closer to a shakedown.
75
Now, people couldn't easily get away, and you worry about getting your car scratched up by this guy standing right outside.
76
For commuters coming into New York, This was often the first person they encountered in the city.
77
So police started arresting the squeegee men, who were then immediately released because there was no law against aggressive window cleaning.
78
There was, however, a law against jaywalking, and the police started arresting them for that.
79
And when they returned, they got arrested again until they literally were harassed out of traffic and disappeared from the city.
80
On one hand, it was a trivial move, but it signaled to all New Yorkers that order was returning to the city.
81
It also showed what would become a pattern to Rudy Giuliani, tenacity.
82
He didn't hold a press conference and whine that his hands were tied unless the city council passed an anti squeegee law.
83
He pushed through obstacles to get things done.
84
And cities are filled with obstacles to change.
85
Lifetime bureaucrats, powerful unions, wealthy special interests.
86
It takes determination and a lot of stubbornness to make things happen.
87
New York also did the opposite of defund the police, increasing the number of cops on the streets by a lot.
88
By contrast, when it was trendy in 2020,
89
the San Francisco mayor slashed $120 million from the police budget and redirected it to prioritizing investments in the African American community.
90
In New York, there were more cops and they were empowered.
91
They also used something called comp stat targeting to go after large and small crimes alike.
92
Open air drug markets were shut down and with that, the violent crime that came with them.
93
When they would make an arrest and find a guy with a gun on them, that was one less gun off the street and one less body off the street as well often.
94
They took a tough stance on the homeless.
95
You'd be arrested for public urination, or drinking, or aggressive panhandling.
96
Giuliani literally harassed bad behavior off of the streets.
97
And at the same time, the city increased shelter capacity and transitional housing.
98
Beyond crime, the key word with the rest of the Giuliani reforms was accountability.
99
City agencies were held responsible for results.
100
School administrators and teachers were held accountable to quantifiable measurements.
101
Welfare reform reduced dependency and encouraged self-sufficiency.
102
But all throughout, Giuliani was criticized.
103
A lot.
104
He was slammed by homeless advocates for violating civil liberties or pushing the problem off to other cities.
105
Critics argued that the police strategies unfairly targeted minorities and that the city criminalized poverty instead of addressing the systemic issues.
106
His hard-edged style made him a lot of enemies.
107
But when he was done, he transformed a city that people said was unmanageable.
108
Can San Francisco and today's cities copy that success?
109
I'm not really sure.
110
I do know there's a blueprint from recent history that they should take a very strong look at.
111
Thanks for watching.
112
I hope you come back again.
تنزيل التطبيق
كل ما تحتاجه للتحدث بطلاقة
تقييم النطق بالذكاء الاصطناعيتقييم كل جملة
تدريب IPAأتقن كل صوت
المفرداتابنِ رصيدك من الكلمات
لعبة المفرداتتعلّم أثناء اللعب
نفس القناة
FOR YOU
فيديو موصى به
B21
785 جمل
San Francisco – What’s It Really Like Now?
Travel EnglishDaily ConversationWorking Adults
C11
332 جمل
1984 DNC Tale of Two Cities Speech (Full)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
130 جمل
Is France signalling the end of neoliberalism?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C15
44 جمل
Johann Hari on addiction
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
165 جمل
Los Angeles is a Sh*thole
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C11
43 جمل
everyone must watch
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C11
51 جمل
What's Under Your Feet in New York City?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B220
35 جمل
Too Many Tourists in Our Town?
American AccentIELTS PrepDaily ConversationWorking Adults
C13
684 جمل
Why American Cities Cost So Much and Deliver So Little | The David Frum Show
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C110
20 جمل
What Is It About Society That Disappoints You So Much - Mr. Robot
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C12
64 جمل
Hong Kong vs Singapore in tackling bad behaviour
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C11
107 جمل
She F*cked Around & Found Out
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس
هذا الدرس في المحادثة بمستوى B2 مبني على الفيديو “The unpopular idea that would save San Francisco”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: Giuliani, Francisco, crime, San, window. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 112 جملة و1461 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 7:36. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة، نحو 192 كلمة في الدقيقة، لذا ستسمع كثيرًا من وصل الكلمات واختزال الأصوات. 79% فقط من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، فالمفردات صعبة نسبيًا.
أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو
أصعب 15 كلمة في الفيديو، مع النطق والمعنى:
| الكلمة | النطق | المعنى |
|---|---|---|
| voter اسم | /ˈvoʊtɚ/ | مُصَوِّت, نَاخِب |
| squeegee اسم | /ˈskwiˌd͡ʒi/ | مَسَّاحَة |
| politician اسم | /ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/ | سِيَاسِيّ, سِيَاسِيَّة |
| criminalize فعل | جَرَّمَ | |
| obstacle اسم | /ˈɑbstəkəl/ | عَقَبَة, حَاجِز |
| doom اسم | /duːm/ | نَحْس, شُؤْم |
| astronomical صفة | /ˌæs.tɹəˈnɑm.ɪ.kəl/ | فَلَكِيّ |
| barometer اسم | /bəˈɹɑ.mə.tɚ/ | بَارُومِتْر, مِقْياس ضَغْط جَوِّيّ |
| blueprint اسم | /ˈbluːˌpɹɪnt/ | مُخَطَّط |
| bureaucrat اسم | /ˈbjʊɹəkɹæt/ | بِيرُوقْرَاطِيّ |
| comeuppance اسم | /kʌmˈʌpəns/ | قِصَاص عَادِل |
| lawlessness اسم | عَدَم وُجُود قَوَانِين | |
| shoplifting اسم | سَرَقَةُ السِلَعَ مِنَ الـمَتَاجِر | |
| stubbornness اسم | /ˈstʌbɚn(n)əs/ | عِنَاد |
| sufficiency اسم | كِفَايَة |
الأفعال المركبة التي ستسمعها
| الكلمة | المعنى |
|---|---|
| come back فعل | عَادَ, رَجَعَ |
| go up فعل | صَعِدَ, يَصْعَدُ |
القواعد في هذا الفيديو
أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:
| التركيب | في الفيديو |
|---|---|
| المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعله | was called · is set · was even elected |
| المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآن | you've only seen · have exploded · have broken |
نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه
يستخدم المتحدث 21 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل they're, aren't, don't. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.
- أصوات “sh” و“zh”: politician /ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/, shakedown /ˈʃeɪkdaʊn/, urination /jʊəɹɪˈneɪʃən/, transitional /tɹænˈzɪʃənəl/, prostitution /ˌprɒstɪˈt͡ʃuːʃn/
- الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: politician /ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/, astronomical /ˌæs.tɹəˈnɑm.ɪ.kəl/, barometer /bəˈɹɑ.mə.tɚ/, deteriorate /dɪˈtɪɹ.iə.ɹeɪt/, dystopian /dɪsˈtoʊ.pi.ən/
كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو
- استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
- ابدأ بسرعة 0.75×، وردّد جملة جملة، ثم عُد إلى السرعة العادية عندما يصبح الأمر سهلًا.
- سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل voter, squeegee, politician.
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.